Начало весенней сессии 02 апреля 2012 года, оплата обучения и сдача письменных работ до 26 марта 2012 года

Выбор курсовой работы осуществляется в деканате,

контрольные и рефераты по номеру студенческого билета.

Иностранный язык (зачет и контрольная работа)

Льонченко Татьяна Тимофеевна

Политология (экзамен и реферат)

Минин Александр Сергеевич

Риторика (зачет и реферат)

Нурмакова Маржан Соткановна

Концепции современного естествознания

(зачет и реферат)

Александров Владимир Борисович

Гражданское право (общая часть) - (зачет и реферат)

Максимов Юрий Анатольевич

Уголовное право (особ. часть) - (экзамен и реферат)

Трухоненко Виктор Захарович

Административное право (экзамен и реферат)

Тарасов Алексей Васильевич

САНКТ-ПЕТЕРБУРГСКИЙ ИНСТИТУТ УПРАВЛЕНИЯ И ПРАВА

ЮРИДИЧЕСКИЙ ФАКУЛЬТЕТ

КОНТРОЛЬНАЯ РАБОТА № 4

по английскому языку

для студентов II курса заочного отделения

Выполнил:

________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

САНКТ-ПЕТЕРБУРГ

2011 год

Инструкция по выполнению контрольных заданий

1. На титульном листе необходимо указать факультет, курс, номер группы, фамилию, имя, отчество.

2. Текст контрольной работы вначале нужно распечатать, затем выполнить задания от руки синей ручкой, разборчивым почерком.

3. Перевод текстов, предназначенных для письменного перевода на русский язык, следует выполнить письменно, от руки, на отдельном листе (формат А4) и прикрепить к контрольной работе.

4. В конце работы необходимо поставить свою личную подпись.

5. Контрольная работа проверяется и оценивается на зачете. Ее выполнение и успешная защита является одним из условий получения зачета. Под защитой подразумевается хорошее знание материала выполненной контрольной работы (выполнение заданий аналогичного характера; чтение и перевод текстов или их фрагментов без опоры на письменный вариант выполненной контрольной работы). При переводе текстов контрольной /аудиторной работы разрешается пользоваться своим “словарем” (переводом отдельных слов к тексту).

Зачет

В IV семестре к зачету студенты заочного отделения выполняют письменно контрольную работу № 4, устно отвечают по одной из тем:

1. The British Police

2. Police Powers.

Студенты, пропустившие практические занятия по английскому языку в период сессии по любым причинам, должны самостоятельно проработать материал, предназначенный для аудиторной работы и быть готовы выборочно выполнять любые задания из этого раздела. Только после отработки и сдачи данного материала преподавателю, Вы можете быть допущены к защите контрольной работы.

Grammar:

Passive Voice

Task 1. Make the sentences passive.

A

1. People in Chile speak Spanish. _____________________________________________________

2. Electricity drives this car. _________________________________________________________

3. They don't sell stamps in bookshops. ________________________________________________

4. They make shoes in that factory. ___________________________________________________

B

1. My mother made this dress. _______________________________________________________

2. A drunken motorist knocked her down. ______________________________________________

3. The Chinese invented paper. _______________________________________________________

4. They built that skyscraper in 1934. __________________________________________________

C

1. They are repairing your car now. ___________________________________________________

2. The directors are still considering the application. ______________________________________

3. Somebody is using the computer at the moment. _______________________________________

4. They are building a new ring road round the city. ______________________________________

D

1. They have arrested her for shoplifting. _______________________________________________

2. They have postponed the meeting. __________________________________________________

3. Has anybody asked Peter? ________________________________________________________

4. They have built a new hospital near the airport. ________________________________________

E

1. Somebody will tell you where to go._________________________________________________

2. The students will finish the course by July.____________________________________________

F

1. They were cooking dinner when I arrived.______________________________________

2. I didn't realise that somebody was recording our conversation.

I didn’t realize that ________________________________________________________

G

1. They had finished the preparations by the time the guests arrived.

_______________________________________________________________________

2. Someone had stolen the computer. ___________________________________________

3. When we got to the stadium we found that they had cancelled the game. When we got to the stadium, we found that _________________________________________________

E

1. You need hops to make beer. _______________________________________________

2. People must not leave bicycles in the driveway. ________________________________

3. You should have fixed your car. Your car _____________________________________

4. Tony must have broken the glass. ____________________________________________

Task 2. Write passive sentences.

1. Chinese ___________ (speak) in Singapore.

2. The Taj Mahal ___________ (build) around 1640.

3. The new hospital _____________ (open) next year.

4. She _______________ (interview) now.

5. I realised I ______________ (follow).

6. __________________ (you invite) to Andy’s party?

7. He found that all his money ________________ (steal).

8. These computers _____________ (make) in Korea.

9. Passengers _______________ (ask) not to speak to the driver.

10. Sorry about the noise - the road _______________ (mend).

11. The village church __________________ (burn down) last year.

12. A Roman pavement __________________ (just find) under Oxford Street.

Task 3. Make these sentences passive. Only use by if it is necessary to say who did the action.

1. Shakespeare wrote ‘Hamlet’.

__________________________________________________________________________

2. They are repairing your car now.

__________________________________________________________________________

3. Steve Jobs founded Apple Computers.

__________________________________________________________________________

4. The board will discuss the proposal.

__________________________________________________________________________

5. Did anyone inform Mrs Wilson?

__________________________________________________________________________

6. They make Renault cars in Slovenia.

__________________________________________________________________________

7. They have transferred him to the New York office.

__________________________________________________________________________

8. The princess opened the new conference centre.

__________________________________________________________________________

9. They had made a full investigation.

__________________________________________________________________________

10. I didn’t realise someone was listening to my telephone conversations.

__________________________________________________________________________

4. Translate into Engish using Passive.

1. За доктором послали?

2. Эта книга была написана до того, как автор стал знаменитым.

3. Сотни новых домов будут построены к концу этого года.

4. Мне предложили очень интересную работу.

5. Он серьезный человек. На него всегда можно положиться.

6. За старой женщиной ухаживает ее младшая дочь.

7. В дом попала молния.

8. С ним необходимо немедленно поговорить по этому вопросу.

9. Ей было дано задание составить список участников конференции.

10. Речь была заслушана с большим вниманием.

11. Об этой книге сейчас много говорят.

12. Делегацию встречают (по предварительной договоренности) завтра в 9 часов утра в аэропорту.

Reported Speech

Reported statements

Task 5. Sally went to see a landlady called Mrs Mawby about a flat. Now she is telling her friend, Paul, about it. Report the sentences.

Example

'The rent is £50 a week.'

The landlady said the rent was £50 a week.

a. 'It's a quiet flat, and the neighbors are nice.'

Mrs. Mawby said_______________________________________________________________

b. 'The rent includes gas and electricity.'

She told me that________________________________________________________________

c. 'I need £100 deposit.'

Then she said__________________________________________________________________

d. 'I decorated the living room recently.'

She told me that________________________________________________________________

e. 'Other people have been to see the flat.'

She said _____________________________________________________________________

f. 'You'll have to make up your mind soon.'

She told me___________________________________________________________________

g. 'The previous occupants looked after it very well.'

She said that___________________________________________________________________

h. 'I've replaced all the carpets.'

She told me that________________________________________________________________

i. ' You can move in immediately.'

She told me____________________________________________________________________

j. ‘I will give you a ring soon,' said Sally.

I told Mrs. Mawby that___________________________________________________________

Reporting questions with question words

Task 6. Mrs. Mawby and Sally both asked a lot of questions. Sally also told Paul about them. Report the questions.

Example

'Where do you live?' Mrs.Mawby asked.

She asked me where I lived.

a. 'How many bedrooms are there?' Sally asked.

I asked her____________________________________________________________________

b. 'When do you want to move in?' Mrs. Mawby asked.

She asked me__________________________________________________________________

c. 'What sort of heating is there?' Sally asked.

I asked her_____________________________________________________________________

d. 'How often do you want the rent?' Sally asked.

I asked her_____________________________________________________________________

e. 'How far is it to the shops?' Sally asked.

I asked her_____________________________________________________________________

f. 'What do you think of the flat?' Mrs. Mawby asked.

She asked me __________________________________________________________________

Reporting yes/no questions

'Are you a student?'

She asked me if I was a student.

a. 'Do you smoke?' She asked me ________________________________________________________

b. 'Is there a phone?' I asked her______­­­­­­­____________________________________________________

c. 'Do you have a car?' She asked me______________________________________________________

d. 'Can I move the furniture around?' I asked her_____________________________________________

e. 'Is there a fridge in the kitchen?' I asked her ______________________________________________

f . Does the flat have central heating?' I asked her ___________________________________________

Exercise 4. Rewrite each of these sentences in reported speech. Start with the word given, and make any additions you need.

1. ‘Don’t play here’. She told ____.

2. ‘I’m leaving tomorrow’. She said _____.

3. ‘Is this your book?’ She inquired _____.

4. ‘What time is it?’ She wanted to know _____.

5. ‘Be quiet and sit down’. The teacher ordered _____.

6. ‘Do you smoke?’ She asked _____.

7. ‘People smoke too many cigarettes ‘ My mum says _____.

8. ‘Have you finished your homework yet?’ My mum wanted to know _____.

9. ‘Will you go to the meeting if he does?’ He inquired _____.

10. ‘I’m sorry, I can’t do this problem’ He said _____.

Reading

From the History of Police Forces

Police is the agency of a community or government that is responsible for maintaining public order and preventing and detecting crime. The basic police mission  preserving order by enforcing rules of conduct or laws  was the same in ancient societies as it is in the contemporary sophisticated urban environments.

The conception of the police force as a protective and law enforcement organisation developed from the use of military bodies as guardians of the peace, such as the Praetorian Guard  bodyguard of the ancient Roman emperors. The Romans achieved a high level of law enforcement, which remained in effect until the decline of the empire and the onset of the Middle Ages.

During the Middle Ages, policing authority was the responsibility of local nobles on their individual estates. Each noble generally appointed an official, known as a constable, to carry out the law. The constable's duties included keeping the peace and arresting and guarding criminals. For many decades constables were unpaid citizens who took turns at the job, which became increasingly burdensome and unpopular. By the mid-16"¹ century, wealthy citizens often resorted to paying deputies to assume their turns as constables; as this practice became widespread, the quality of the constables declined drastically.

Police forces developed throughout the centuries, taking various forms. In France during the 17^th century King Louis XIV maintained a small central police organisation consisting of some forty inspectors who, with the help of numerous paid informants, supplied the government with details about the conduct of private individuals. The king could then exercise the kind of justice he saw fit. This system continued during the reigns of Louis XV and Louis XVI. After the French Revolution, two separate police bodies were set up, one to handle ordinary duties and the other to deal with political crimes.

In 1663 the city of London began paying watchmen (generally old men who were unable to find other work) to guard the streets at night. Until the end of the 18^th century, the watchmen  as inefficient as they were  along with a few constables, remained the only form of policing in the city.

The inability of watchmen and constables to curb lawlessness, particularly in London, led to a demand for a more effective force to deal with criminals and to protect the population. After much deliberation in Parliament, the British statesman Sir Robert Peel in 1829 established the London Metropolitan Police, which became the world's first modern organised police force.

The force was guided by the concept of crime prevention as a primary police objective; it also embodied the belief that such a force should depend on the consent and cooperation of the public, and the idea that police constables were to be civil and courteous to the people. The Metropolitan Police force was well organised and disciplined and, after an initial period of public skepticism, became the model for other police forces in Great Britain. Several years later the Royal Irish Constabulary was formed, and Australia, India, and Canada soon established similar organisations. Other countries followed, impressed by the success of the plan, until nations throughout the world had adopted police systems based on the British model. The development of the British police system is especially significant because the pattern that emerged had great influence on the style of policing in almost all industrial societies.

In the U.S., the first full-time organised police departments were formed in New York City in 1845 and shortly thereafter in Boston, not only in response to crime but also to control unrest. The American police adopted many British methods, but at times they became involved in local politics. The British police, on the other hand, have traditionally depended on loyalty to the law, rather than to elected public officials, as the source of their authority and independence.

POLICE POWERS

The powers of a police officer in England and Wales to stop and search, arrest and place a person under detention are contained in the Police and Criminal Evidence Act 1984. The legislation and the code of practice set out the powers and responsibilities of officers in the investigation of offences, and the rights of citizens.

An officer is liable to disciplinary proceedings if he or she fails to comply with any provision of the codes, and evidence obtained in breach of the codes may be ruled inadmissible in court. The code must be readily available in all police stations for consultation by police officers, detained people and members of the public.

Stop and Search

A police officer in England and Wales has the power to stop and search people and vehicles if there are reasonable grounds for suspecting that he or she will find stolen goods, offensive weapons or implements that could be used for theft, burglary or other offences. The officer must, however, state and record the grounds for taking this action and what, if anything, was found.

The Criminal Justice and Public Order Act 1994 enables a senior police officer to authorise uniformed officers to stop and search people or vehicles for offensive weapons, dangerous implements where he or she has reasonable grounds for believing that serious incidents of violence may take place. The officer must specify the time-scale and area in which the powers are to be exercised.

Arrest

In England and Wales the police have wide powers to arrest people suspected of having committed an offence with or without a warrant issued by a court. For serious offences, known as 'arrestable offences', a suspect can be arrested without a warrant. Arrestable offences are those for which five or more years' imprisonment can be imposed. This category also includes 'serious arrestable offences' such as murder, rape and kidnapping.

There is also a general arrest power for all other offences if it is impracticable or inappropriate to send out a summons to appear in court, or if the police officer has reasonable grounds for believing that arrest is necessary to prevent the person concerned from causing injury to any other person or damage to property.

Detention, Treatment and Questioning

An arrested person must be taken to a police station (if he or she is not already at one) as soon as practicable after arrest. At the station, he or she will be seen by the custody officer who will consider the reasons for the arrest and whether there are sufficient grounds for the person to be detained. The Code of Practice under the 1984 Police and Criminal Evidence Act made it clear that juveniles should not be placed in the cells. Most police stations should have a detention room for those juveniles who need to be detained. The suspect has a right to speak to an independent solicitor free of charge and to have a relative or other named person told of his or her arrest. Where a person has been arrested in connection with a serious arrestable offence, but has not yet been charged, the police may delay the exercise of these rights for up to 36 hours in the interests of the investigation if certain strict criteria are met.

A suspect may refuse to answer police questions or to give evidence in court. Changes to this so-called 'right to silence' have been made by the Criminal Justice and Public Order Act 1994 to allow courts in England and Wales to draw inferences from a defendant's refusal to answer police questions or to give information during his or her trial. Reflecting this change in the law, a new form of police caution (which must precede any questions to a suspect for the purpose of obtaining evidence) is intended to ensure that people understand the possible consequences if they answer questions or stay silent.

Questions relating to offence may not normally be put to a person after he or she has been charged with that offence or informed that he or she may be prosecuted for it.

The length of time a suspect is held in police custody before charge is strictly regulated. For lesser offences this may not exceed 24 hours. A person suspected of committing a serious arrestable offence can be detained for up to 96 hours without charge but beyond 36 hours only if a warrant is obtained from a magistrates court.

Reviews must be made of a person’s detention at regular intervals  six hours after initial detention and thereafter every nine hours as a maximum  to check whether the criteria for detention are still satisfied. If they are not, the person must be released immediately.

Interviews with suspected offenders at police stations must be tape-recorded when the police are investigating indictable offences and in certain other cases. The police are not precluded from taping interviews for other types of offences. The taping of interviews is regulated by a code of practice approved by Parliament, and the suspect is entitled to a copy of the tape.

A person who thinks that the grounds for detention arc unlawful may apply to the High Court in England and Wales for a writ of Habeas Corpus against the person who detained him or her, requiring that person to appear before the court to justify the detention. Habeas Corpus proceedings take precedence over others. Similar procedures apply in Northern Ireland and a similar remedy is available to anyone who is unlawfully detained in Scotland.

Recognising that the use of DNA analysis has become a powerful tool in the investigation of crime, the Government has extended police powers to take body samples from suspects. The Criminal Justice and Public Order Act 1994 allows the police to take non-intimate samples without consent from anyone who is detained or convicted for a recordable offence, and to use the samples to search against existing records of convicted offenders or unsolved crimes. In time a national database will be built up.

Charging

Once there is sufficient evidence, the police have to decide whether a detained person should be charged with the offence. If there is insufficient evidence to charge, the person maybe released on bail pending further enquiries by the police. The police may decide to take no further action in respect of a particular offence and to release the person. Alternatively, they may decide to issue him or her with a formal caution, which will be recorded and may be taken into account if he or she subsequently re-offends.

If charged with an offence, a person may be kept in custody if there is a risk that he or she might fail to appear in court or might interfere with the administration of justice. When no such considerations apply, the person must be released on or without bail. Where someone is detained after charge, he or she must be brought before a magistrates' court as soon as practicable. This is usually no later than the next working day.