Текст 8.

Which investments give the best return on your money? Which are risky? Which are less risky?

Nowadays people try to invest all their money, because it is really risky to keep it in the jar. All the investments give different returns on money and have different level of the risk.

To my mind, the most risky investment is a new business venture. You can’t predict the outcome of this gamble and you have a choice either to lose all our money or to get the best return on your money with probability of 50%. So this investment is suitable for high-risk individuals.

To put up money in the currencies isn’t so risky, but you should investigate the money-market for good information about different currencies and rate of exchange. If you are a good at speculation on the Stock Exchange you will receive a big profit.

Gold, precious stones, antiques and paintings are the status things. Mainly people purchase these things only for themselves and don’t think about return on their money. Also it is really difficult to find a customer, which is ready to pay a lot of money, in other words it is difficult to make a good bargain.

The profit from stocks and shares depends on their kind and they have different level of the risk. For example, preference shares aren’t as risky as equities, but sometimes equities are more profitable than preference shares. But, as for me, the best combination of the risk and the return on money is given by stocks. You receive a stable profit and can’t lose a lot of money.

Текст 10

What types of bribe can you name? Which is worse to offer or except a bribe? Why?

Bribe is one of the most difficult problems in our country. It could be explained by our history events: constant wars, social instability, and so on, but it is not the only reason. It needs to determine what bribe is. Bribe is money or service that is done secretly and dishonestly to obtain someone’s help. Corruption could be determined as the crime of giving or receiving money, gifts, a better job etc in exchange for doing something dishonest or illegal that helps another person or company. Or it is when someone who has power or authority uses it in a dishonest or illegal way to get money or an advantage. Classification of bribes depends on what criteria you will choose: who takes bribes, who will get an initiative, who is bribe-maker, and so on. If a criteria is «who takes bribes», it will be government, commercial or politic corruption. If a criteria is «who is bribe-maker», it could be an individual bribe, company bribe or criminal bribe. And if a criteria is “the aim of corruption from the bribe-maker point of view”, it could be accelerating bribe (to bribe-taker do his duty faster), inhibitory bribe (to bribe-taker break his own charges) or bribe “for a good relationship”.

There are two sights of corruption: one who offers bribe and another who accepts it. In my opinion, offering is as bad as accepting bribes. Government could get to civil servants the highest wages, but it won’t be the solution of a problem, because people will continue offering a bribe. Corruption has many coins, but some pros too. For example, corruption breaks bureaucracy by making civil servants work faster. But corruption also causes inequality between people. And social inequality causes bribes – it is like a vicious circle. Also corruption destroys government and politic system. As we have seen, the bribing has many negative sights and less positive.

To sum up I d like to say that each person should be responsible for his actions and decisions and should understand that if he breaks the law he will answer for a crime.