- •Содержание
- •Введение
- •1 Orenburg State University (Pre-Intermediate)
- •1.1 Repeat the following words and phrases first after the teacher and then do it independently
- •1.2 Find Russian equivalents
- •1.3 Find pairs of synonyms
- •1.4 Guess the word judging by the definition
- •1.5 Read the following sentences. Choose one of the appropriate words
- •1.6 Read the following sentences. Fill in the gaps with appropriate words
- •1.7 Read the text and then choose one sentence which reflects the main idea of the text
- •1.8 Correlate the beginning of the following sentences on the left to the end of the sentences on the right. Read these sentences
- •1.13 Make up your own dialogues using the material of ex 1.12
- •1.14 Read the text and do the assignments that follow
- •1.21 Read the sentences. Change the Present Simple into the Past Simple
- •1.22 Read the sentences. Give the negative and interrogative forms of these sentences
- •1.23 Use the appropriate verb forms in the following sentences
- •1.24 Answer the following questions
- •2 Orenburg State University (Intermediate)
- •2.1 Meeting osu
- •2.2 Comprehensive Reading
- •2.3 Interchange: Studying abroad
- •2.4 Practice your writing skills
- •2.5 Translate into Russian in the written form
- •2.6 Listening
- •2.7 Discussion
- •2.8 Dialogues
- •2.9 Refresh Your Grammar
- •2.10 Supplementary
- •3 Student’s Day
- •3.1 Learning and using new vocabulary
- •Wednesday, Sunday, Saturday, Monday, Thursday, Friday, Tuesday
- •3.2 Text “My working day”
- •3.3 Comprehensive reading
- •3.4 Texts for translation in the written form
- •3.5 Listening
- •3.6 Speaking
- •After dinner sit a while, after supper walk a mile
- •3.7 Refreshing your grammar
- •3.7.1 Present Simple
- •In the year 3000
- •3.8 Some fun
- •Leisure
- •4 Orenburg Region
- •4.1 Read the new words according to the transcription; mind their pronunciation and meaning
- •4.2 Pay attention to the meaning of the words, belonging to the group of mineral resources. Mind their pronunciation
- •4.3 Read the text. Translate it
- •4.4 Answer the questions to the text
- •4.5 Arrange items for the plan according to the text
- •4.6 Speak about the Orenburg region according to the plan
- •4.7 Find the equivalents
- •4.8 Find the equipment
- •4.9 Pronounce the following words
- •4.10 Read the following international words
- •5 Russia
- •5.1 Unit 1. The Russian Federation
- •5.2 Unit 2. State System of Russian Federation
- •5.3 Unit 3. Moscow
- •5.4 Unit 4. Moscow is a cultural centre of Russia
- •5.5 Unit 5. From the History of Moscow
- •5.6 Unit 6. The Kremlin
- •5.7 Unit 7. St. Petersburg
- •5.8 Unit 8. Tretyakov gallery
- •5.9 Unit 9. Comprehension reading
- •6 Great Britain (Pre-Intermediate)
- •6.1 The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
- •7 Great Britain (Intermediate)
- •7.2 Post-Text Exercises
- •7.3 Supplementary Reading
- •8 United States of America
- •8.1 Unit 1. The United States of America (The usa)
- •8.2 Unit 2. The history of the usa
- •8.3 Unit 3. Christopher Columbus The discovery of America
- •Christopher Columbus The discovery of America
- •8.4 Unit 4. Political system of the usa
- •8.5 Unit 5. George Washington
- •8.6 Unit 6 Washington d. C.
- •8.7 Unit 7 New York
- •8.8 Unit 8 Holidays in the usa
- •8.9 Unit 9 Mark Twain
- •Список использованных источников
8.3 Unit 3. Christopher Columbus The discovery of America
8.3.1 Read and translate the text
Christopher Columbus The discovery of America
Christopher Columbus was born in 1451 in Italy. His father and both grandfathers were cloth makers. He probably worked as a weaver before going to sea.
We don't know much about Christopher Columbus. He had blue eyes and red hair. He lived in Spain for a long time. He married the daughter of a sea captain. For some time he earned his living partly by making sea voyages, and partly by drawing maps and selling them.
In the fifteenth century most people thought that the earth was flat. They didn't believe that India lay beyond the Atlantic Ocean. They knew only three continents: Europe, Asia and Africa. Christopher Columbus was sure that our planet was round. He decided to reach India by sailing to the west. In 1492 the King and the Queen of Spain gave him money to go to India. Nobody wanted to help him. Many years after he sailed with three small ships into Atlantic Ocean. They were the Santa Maria, the Nina and the Pinta. After sailing 4000 miles (6400 kilometers) they reached some land. When they landed they saw strange trees and flowers, men and women with olive colored skin. They gathered around sailors and looked at them with great surprise.
Columbus thought that it must be India. He called these islands the West Indies. People began to speak about the land as "the New World." But it was America. So, Christopher Columbus discovered America in 1492.
Columbus made many voyages to the New World. The second great voyage of Christopher Columbus took place in 1493. He had seventeen ships with him. He reached Cuba and discovered some other islands of the West Indies.
Twice more Columbus tried to find India. During his third voyage, enemies spread false rumours about him. King Ferdinand and Queen Isabella were led to believe that he was a tyrant. He was sent home in chains. Back in Spain, he quickly proved his innocence.
Columbus made his last voyage in 1502-1504. He discovered many islands and made them a part of Spain. He was seriously ill and died in 1506. Columbus was a great explorer and many places have been named in his honour.
But America was named after another explorer, Amerigo Vespucci, because he was the first man who understood it was the new continent.
8.3.2 Post-Text Exercises
8.3.2.1 Pronounce the following words and geographic names
Christopher Columbus - Христофор Колумб
the Atlantic Ocean - Атлантический океан
Europe - Европа
Asia - Азия
Cuba - Куба
Amerigo Vespucci - Америго Веспуччи
cloth maker - суконщик
weaver - ткач
to earn - зарабатывать
partly - частично
flat - плоский
beyond - no ту сторону, за
olive colored skin - оливковый цвет кожи
surprise - удивление
enemy - враг
to spread (spread, spread) - распространять
false - ложный
rumour - слух, молва
tyrant - тиран, деспот
chain - цепь
to prove - доказывать
innocence - невиновность
seriously - серьёзно
explorer - исследователь
to name – называть
8.3.2.2 Answer the questions
-
When was Christopher Columbus born?
-
Where was he born?
-
What were his father and both grandfathers?
-
What was Columbus before going to sea?
-
Where did he live for a long time?
-
What was his wife?
-
How did he earn his living for some time?
-
Did Christopher Columbus think that the earth was flat?
-
Christopher Columbus was sure that our planet was round, wasn't he?
-
How many continents did most people know in the fifteenth century?
-
What country did Columbus decide to reach by sailing to the west?
-
Who gave him money to go there?
-
How many ships did Columbus have?
-
What were the names of the ships?
-
What land did they reach after sailing 4000 miles?
-
What did they see when they landed?
-
How did Columbus call these islands?
-
When did Columbus discover America?
-
When did the second great voyage of Christopher Columbus take place?
-
How many ships did he have with him?
-
How many times did Columbus try to find India?
-
What happened during his third voyage?
-
When did Columbus make his last voyage?
-
When did Columbus die?
-
Why was America named after another explorer?
8.3.2.3 Match the two parts of the sentences
|
... he was the first man who understood that it was the new continent. ... in 1492. ... the Santa Maria, the Nina and the Pinta. ... Europe, Asia and Africa. ... the earth was flat. ... in 1493. ... making sea voyages and partly by drawing maps and selling them. ... enemies spread false rumours about him.
|
8.3.2.4 Read the beginning of the sentence and find its end in the text
-
Christopher Columbus was sure that ...
-
They gathered around sailors and ...
-
King Ferdinand and Queen Isabella were led to believe that ...
-
Christopher Columbus was born ...
-
Twice more Columbus tried ...
-
Columbus was a great explorer and many places ...
-
When they landed they saw ...
8.3.2.5 Put in the missing words according to the text
-
During his third voyage, enemies spread false ... about him.
-
Columbus probably worked as ... before going to sea.
-
They gathered around sailors and looked at them with great ... .
-
He was ... ill and died in 1506.
-
His father and both grandfathers were ... .
-
They didn't believe that India lay ... the Atlantic Ocean.
-
In the fifteenth century most people thought that the earth was ...
8.3.2.6 Choose the correct verb for each blank: have been named, decided, proved, earned, reached, saw
-
He ... to reach India by sailing to the west.
-
When they landed they ... strange trees and flowers, men and women with olivecolored skin.
-
Columbus was a great explorer and many places ... in his honour.
-
Back in Spain, he quickly ... his innocence.
-
For some time he... his living partly by making sea voyages and partly by drawing maps and selling them.
-
They ... Cuba and discovered some other is lands of the West Indies.
8.3.2.7 Read and learn the dialogue by heart. Then act it out
Ann: Hi, Julia, how are you doing?
Julia: Hi, not too bad, thanks. And you?
Ann: Just fine. How was your weekend?
Julia: Very well. On Sunday I played badminton with my friend in the city park. You know, I'm not much of a sportsman, so of course I lost the game. What about you? How did you spend your weekend?
Ann: Nothing special. I was at home and watched TV. By the way, did you see the new film about Christopher Columbus?
]ulia: No, I didn't. As far as I remember, we learnt a lot about him at the English and History lessons at school, didn't we?
Ann: Yes, you are quite right. But I was surprised to learn that his life had been so unhappy.
Julia: Why do you think so?
Ann: Because he spent all his life on voyages. Nobody helped him but during his third voyage enemies spread false rumours about him.
Julia: I see. What rumours?
Ann: That he was a tyrant.
Julia: Did anybody believe it?
Ann: The King and the Queen of Spain were led to believe it and Columbus was sent home in chains.
Julia: It's awful. Did he prove his innocence?
Ann: Yes, he did. But there were a lot of difficulties in his life.
Julia: Yes, to say nothing of the fact that he discovered America, but it was named after Amerigo Vespucci.
Ann: Such is life. It can't be helped.