Комп’ютери: прокляття, божий дар чи необхідність? герундій.

І. Вправи на формування навичок та вмінь монологічного і діалогічного мовлення.

Вправа 1. Прочитайте текст та зверніть увагу на три головні питання:

1. Where are computers most widely used?

2. What are the benefits of computerisation?

1. Is it good that more and more people are being replaced by computerised robots?

COMPUTERS

Computers are very popular with children, young people and grown-ups.

Many teenagers have computers at home, but others often visit places where they can play computer games. Young people spend endless hours there, playing different games and communicating with their peers.

All of you are teens, aren't you? You've got your own attitude towards computers. You are welcome to express your opinion. But first get acquainted with the problem itself.

Computers seem to be indispensable in our lives. Since they were invented in 1948, they have revolutionised the way millions of people work, study, conduct business transactions, carry out research and rest.

A computer is really a very specific kind of counting machine. It can do arithmetic problems faster than any person alive.

A computer can 'remember' information you give it. It keeps the information in its memory until it is needed.

There are general-purpose and special-purpose computers. The last are built for a definite purpose and cannot do anything else. The most popular are general-purpose computers which can do many different jobs and are the big 'brains' that solve the most difficult problems of science. At home people usually have personal computers which can be used for different purposes.

Computers are having an enormous impact on science and technology. Complicated mathematical calculations can be performed in minutes. Data gathering, testing and analysis have been improved by computer use. Computers are also incorporated into products, such as cars, trains, ships, weapons, cash registers or machine tools.

Computers are being increasingly used in medicine. They are very helpful in medical diagnosis, patient monitoring and general hospital administration. In banking and finance system they have replaced paper for nearly all accounting. Such areas as architecture, engineering or machinery are also increasingly dependent on computer design. Moreover, computers are revolutionising such fields as advertising or marketing of new products.

There is a widespread impact of computers in education. Educational institutions use them for various purposes. First of all, they perform administrative functions, such as data recording or book-keeping. Second, they play an important role in teaching. More and more secondary schools offer classes in computer science to educate young people how to use them. This trend is increasing as we are all on the brink of computerised future and an understanding of computers is especially important to the young generation. Everyone will probably agree that the future of modern society depends greatly on computerisation.

Everybody agrees that computer literacy is of great importance today and our future is closely connected with computers. But some people are against such a total computerisation.

Вправа 1 Прочитайте два тексти, подані нижче. Знайдіть у них інформацію на користь комп’ютерів і проти їхнього впливу на сучасне життя.

COMPUTERS: A BLESSING OR A CURSE ?

Almost every home, office or school has a computer of some kind these days. Many people feel that these machines are now essential part of our lives, but how necessary are they really?

One of the main advantages is the time that can be saved by using a computer. This is especially beneficial in the workplace where employees can do their work far faster than in the past. In addition to this, computers can be educational and fun. From a very young age children can gain basic computer skills through programs, that allow them to learn, draw and play. In today's technological world this knowledge can only help them in the future.

However, there are various negative aspects to using computers. The computers can do many tasks more efficiently than humans. This has led to high unemployment in many countries. What is more, computers can actually cause health problems. Endless hours in front of a screen can cause eye strain and headaches which have serious side effects.

To sum up, it seems that computers are a useful addition to our fast-moving world of high technology. However, it must be remembered that they are here to serve us - not to replace us.

ARE COMPUTERS A NECESSITY ?

Computers play an important role in the lives of most of us today, whether we realise it or not. Some people, however, are beginning to ask if we really need computers.

Many people think computers have become a necessary part of modern life. They can save a lot of storage space. Storing information on computer disks is one of the most efficient ways of keeping data. One computer disk can hold the same amount of information as several books. Computers save everyone a lot of valuable time. Stored information can be found at touch of a button whereas searching for it manually takes much longer. Therefore, our everyday lives are made easier - from going to the bank to doing the shopping.

Nevertheless, there are those who claim that computers are unnecessary and make our lives more complicated. They argue that in the past we managed very well using other methods and that we have become too dependent on computers. However, they fail to consider that the time saved by using computers for repetitive tasks enables us to use our own time more creatively and productively.

Computers are in our lives and they have changed our world for better. So they say there is no reason why we should not make them work to our advantage.

Вправа 3. Дайте відповіді на питання, поставлені перед текстом та задайте свої питання товаришам.

__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

Вправа 4. Напишіть твір на тему: „Комп’ютер у житті підлітка”

____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

ІІ. Вправи на формування граматичних навичок та вмінь

Вправа 1 У поданих реченнях замініть підрядні додаткові речення герундієм із прийменником of.

1. I thought I would come and see you tomorrow. __________________________

2. I am thinking that I shall go out to the country tomorrow to see my mother. What do you think you will do tomorrow? – I don’t know now; I thought I would go to the zoo, but the weather is so bad that probably I shan`t go. _________________

3. I hear there are some English books at our institute bookstall now. – So you are thinking that you will buy some, aren’t you? _____________________________

4. I thought I would work in the library this evening, but as you have come, I won’t go to the library. ___________________________________________________

Вправа 2 У поданих реченнях замініть підрядні речення часу герундієм із прийменником after.

1. After she took the child to the kindergarten, she went to the library to study for her examination. _____________________________________________________

2. When he had made a thorough study of the subject, he found that it was a great deal more important than he had thought at first. ____________________________

3. After I had hesitated some minutes whether to buy the hat or not, I finally decided that I might find one I liked better in another shop. ______________________________________________________________

4. When she had graduated from the university, she left St. Petersburg and went to teach in her hometown. ________________________________________________

5. When he had proved that his theory was correct, he started studying ways and means of improving the conditions of work in very deep coalmines._____________