Модуль 4 діти 21 століття. Інфінітив.

І. Вправи на формування навичок та вмінь монологічного і діалогічного мовлення.

Вправа 1. Прочитайте статтю з американського журналу про основні риси підростаючого покоління молоді в Америці та порівняйте з українською молоддю.

CHILDREN OF THE 21st CENTURY

You're under 18, aren't you? In the eyes of the law, young people in this country become adults at the age of 18 and achieve full civil rights: they can vote, get married without their parents' consent, own property and order alcohol in public places. But teenagers don't want to wait until they are 18. They usually place a high priority on being independent. However, are they really able to rely on themselves and assume responsibility for their lives? Why is the number of young criminals growing? You're welcome to express your opinion on the problem of juvenile delinquency. But first get acquainted with the problem itself.

Probably the best way to predict the social and behavioral trends of children in the future is to analyze the last research studies and surveys concerning children.

What are the social and behavioral characteristics of modern teenagers? How have they changed in comparison with previous generations? The trends are sad:

• the increase in teenage pregnancy (the girls under age 15 have babies)

• the self-care generation (children spend much time without parental supervision)

• teens as consumers (an increasing number of children spend their time shopping)

• teens as employees (much of income that children spend on consumer goods is money that they earn themselves)

• teens at risk (children and AIDS, drugs, violence)

• teens as students (the relationships with teachers who don't consider teens to be individuals)

• Family changes (more students live with a single-parent family in violent homes, hawing a degree of misunderstanding with parents).

Вправа 2. Якщо підліток скоює злочин, хто винний – батьки чи діти? Поданий нижче текст допоможе вам відповісти на це питання.

JUVENILE DELINQUENCY

In adolescence young people usually define themselves by opposition and rebellion. They reject the values held by their parents and try to live in their own way. Conflicts at home and difficulties in relationship with their parents often lead teenagers to drinking alcohol, taking drugs or even running away from home. In some cases, however, young people turn to crime.

It is commonly believed that most young lawbreakers come from families in which they are abused on neglected. Potential juvenile delinquents often grow up in poverty and in some extreme cases they are even forced to steal to have something to eat. They cannot count on their parents who are usually unemployed, addicted to alcohol or drugs, and don’t set an example.

Surprisingly, quite a large number of young delinquents come from rich and respectable families. Why? The problem is that they are often spoilt by their own parents who satisfy all their whims but do not teach them responsibility. Sometimes boredom at home makes young people try out some forbidden but exciting experiences. More often, however, it is a desire to attract the parents’ attention.

Among the reasons why teenagers commit crimes is also peer pressure. Young people find it very important to be one of the crowd and not an outcast. Influenced by their friend and afraid of rejection, they break the law in the name of group solidarity.

The most common crimes committed by teenagers are burglary, robbery and theft. Juvenile courts often give lighter punishments to young people theft. The reason is that they hope to reform or rehabilitate the juvenile delinquent and not deprive him or her of a chance for a better life.

Juvenile – підліток, неповнолітній; delinquency – правопорушення.

Вправа 3. А зараз побачимо, чи правильно ви зрозуміли текст. Закінчить речення:

In adolescence young people…__________________________________________

Conflicts at home often lead to…________________________________________

Potential juvenile delinquents often grow up in…___________________________

They cannot count parents who…________________________________________

A large number of young delinquents come from…__________________________

Boredom at home makes young people…__________________________________

Among the reasons why teenagers commit crimes is…_______________________

Influenced by their friends and afraid of rejection young people…______________

The most common crimes committed by teenagers are…_____________________

The reason that juvenile courts often give lighter punishments to young people than to adults is…________________________________________________________

Вправа 4 В одному з миколаївських навчальних закладів проходять батьківські збори, на яких обговорюся проблеми навчання. Передайте їхню дискусію у формі діалогу. Питання для обговорення:

• How to encourage students to make better progress at school?

• Should students be punished? If yes, how? If not, how to make students obey?

• How can parents help teachers in out-of school activities?

• Should parents insist on their children doing equally well in all the subjects or should they encourage them to specialize in one or two subjects essential for their future career?

Вправа 5 Напишіть твір на тему: «I am a member of youth organisation».

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ІІ. Вправи на формування граматичних навичок та вмінь

Вправа 1. Замініть виділені частини речень інфінітивними зворотами.

1. Here is something which will warm you up. _____________________

2. Here is a new brush which you will clean your teeth with. _________

3. Here are some more facts which will prove that your theory is correct. 4. Here is something which you can rub on your hands. It will soften them. ______________________________________________________

5. Here are some screws with which you can fasten the shelves to the wall. _______________________________________________________

6. Here are some tablets which will relieve your headache. ___________

7. Here are some articles which must be translated for tomorrow._____

8. Who has a pen or a pencil to spare? I need something I could write with. _______________________________________________________

9. I have brought you a book which you can read now, but be sure and return it by Saturday. __________________________________________

10. Soon we found that there was another complicated problem that we were to consider. ____________________________________________

11. The girl was quite young when both her parents died and she remained alone with two younger brothers whom she had to take care of. _______

12. I have no books which I can read. ____________________________

13. Is there anybody who will help you with your spelling? __________

14. Don’t forget that she has a baby which she must take care of. ______

15. Have you got nothing that you want to say on this subject? _______

16. There was nothing that he could do expect go home. _____________

17. I have only a few minutes in which I can explain these words to you. 18. I have examination which I must take soon, so I can’t go to the theatre with you. _____________________________________________

19. King Lear decided to have a hundred knights who would serve him after he had divided up his kingdom. _____________________________

Вправа 2 Замініть підрядні речення інфінітивними зворотами.

1. She has got so fat that she cannot wear this dress now. ___________

2. The accident was so terrible that I don’t want to talk about it. _____

3. They were so empty-headed that they could not learn a single thing. 4. The window was so dirty that they could not see through it. _______

5. She was so foolish that she could not understand my explanation. __

6. I have very little wool: it won’t make a sweater. _________________

7. The problem is so difficult that it is impossible. __________________

8. The box is so heavy that nobody can carry it. ___________________

9. The baby is so little that it cannot walk. ________________________

10. He is so weak that he cannot lift this weight. ___________________

11 She is so busy that that she cannot talk with you. _______________

12. She was so inattentive that she did not notice the mistake. _______

13. The rule was so difficult that they did not understand it. _________

14. He was so stupid that he did not see the joke.__________________

ІІІ. Вправи на формування навичок та вмінь читання.

Вправа 1. Вивчаюче читання. Перш, ніж прочитати текст, погляньте на заголовок і скажіть, будь ласка, про що в ньому йдеться мова, що вам відомо з цієї теми. Прочитавши текст, скажіть, чи правильно ви здогадалися про зміст тексту.

An Unborn’s Conversation with God

A baby asked God, "They tell me you are sending me to earth tomorrow, but how am I going to live there being so small and helpless?"

God said, "Your angel will be waiting for you and will take care of you." The child further inquired,

"But tell me, here in heaven I don't have to do anything but sing and smile to be happy."

God said, "Your angel will sing for you and will also smile for you. And you will feel your angel's love and be very happy."

Again the small child asked, "And how am I going to be able to understand when people talk to me if I don't know the language?"

God said, "Your angel will tell you the most beautiful and sweet words you will ever hear, and with much patience and care, your angel will teach you how to speak."

"And what am I going to do when I want to talk to you?"

God said, "Your angel will place your hands together and will teach you how to pray."

"Who will protect me?"

God said, "Your angel will defend you even if it means risking its life."

"But I will always be sad because I will not see you anymore."

God said, "Your angel will always talk to you about Me and will teach you the way to come back to Me, even though I will always be next to you."

At that moment there was much peace in Heaven, but voices from Earth could be heard and the child hurriedly asked, "God, if I am to leave now, please tell me my angel's name."

God said, You will simply call her, "Mom."

Вправа 2 Рольова гра: розіграйте сцену за змістом розповіді.

Вправа 3. Передайте зміст розповіді від імені головної дійової особи.