Vowel System in me
Monophthongs:
Diphthongs:
№ 16. Vowel System in ME
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Number of phonemes |
Lost vowels |
New vowels comparing to OE |
Peculiarities of the vowel system |
Oppositions within the system |
Vowel changes |
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… monoph-thongs
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… diphthongs
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№ 17. Consonant System in ME
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Number of phonemes |
Lost consonants |
New consonants comparing to OE |
Peculiarities of the consonant system |
Oppositions within the system |
Consonant changes |
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№ 18. Classification of ME consonants
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Manner of articulation
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Labial, Labial - dental |
Forelingual
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Mediolingual (palatal) |
Backlingual (velar) |
Pharyngeal |
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Noise consonants |
Plosives
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voiceless |
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voiced |
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Affricates |
voiceless |
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voiced |
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Fricatives
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voiceless |
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voiced |
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Sonorants
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Place
of articulation
№ 19. ME Alphabet
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Consonants
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V |
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№ |
OE Letters |
Pronun-ciation |
ME Letters or digraphs |
ME Phonemes |
Letters or Digraphs |
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1.
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Þ, ð, θ |
[ð ] |
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[e] |
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[ θ ] |
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[i] |
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2.
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…(w) |
[w] |
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[a] |
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3.
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c |
[k] |
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[o] |
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[k’]> [tS] |
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[u] |
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4.
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Z |
[γ]> […] |
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[e:] |
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[γ’]> […] |
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[F:] |
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[g] |
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[i:] |
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[j] |
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[a:] |
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5.
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f |
[f] |
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[o:] |
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[v] |
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[O:] |
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6.
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s |
[s] |
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[u:] |
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[z] |
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[ei] |
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7.
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h |
[h] |
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[ai] |
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[x] |
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[oi] |
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[x’] |
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[eu] |
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8.
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b |
[b] |
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[au] |
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9.
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d |
[d] |
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[ou] |
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10.
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l |
[l] |
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11.
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m |
[m] |
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12.
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n |
[n] |
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13.
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p |
[p] |
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14.
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r |
[r] |
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15.
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t |
[t] |
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16.
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x |
[ks] |
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17. |
cw |
[kw]
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18. |
cZ |
[gg’] >[dZ]
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19. |
sc |
[sk’] >[S]
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owels
Lost letters:
New letters:
№ 20. Development of Personal Pronouns (Расторгуева, с. 103, 231)
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Singular |
Plural |
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Case |
OE |
ME |
NE |
OE |
ME |
NE |
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N D Acc G |
ic mē mec, mē mīn |
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wē ūs ūs, ūsic ūre |
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N D Acc G |
Þū Þē Þē, Þēc Þīn |
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Zē ēow ēow, ēowic ēower |
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N D Acc G |
hē him hine his |
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Nom. hīe, hī, hỹ, hēo
Dative him, heom
Acc. hīe, hī, hỹ, hēo
Gen. hira, heora,hiera, hyra |
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N D Acc G |
hēo, hīo hire, hiere hīe, hī, hỹ hire, hiere |
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N D Acc G |
hit him hit his |
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Theories of development of OE hēo into ME she. (Резник, с. 155)
1)
2)
3)
№ 21. Vowel System in NE
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Number of phonemes |
Lost vowels |
New vowels comparing to ME |
Peculiarities of the vowel system |
Oppositions within the system |
Vowel changes |
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… monoph-thongs
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… diphthongs
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№ 22. Consonant System in NE
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Number of phonemes |
Lost consonants |
New consonants comparing to ME |
Peculiarities of the consonant system |
Oppositions within the system |
Consonant changes |
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№ 23. Development of Nominal Grammatical Categories throughout the History of English
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Gr. phenomena
Parts of speech |
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Declension |
Gender |
Number |
Case |
Other gr. categories |
New gr. phenomena |
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Period |
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1. |
Noun |
OE
ME
NE
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2. |
Personal pronoun |
OE
ME
NE
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3. |
Demon-strative pronoun |
OE
ME
NE
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4. |
Adjective |
OE
ME
NE
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№ 24. Development of Grammatical Categories of the Verb throughout the History of English
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Forms of the Verb |
Period |
Nominal gr. categories |
Verbal grammatical categories |
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Number |
Person |
Mood |
Tense |
Voice |
Time-correla-tion |
Aspect
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Finite Verb |
OE
ME
NE |
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Non-Finite Forms |
Infinitive |
OE
ME
NE |
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Part. I |
OE
ME
NE |
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Gerund |
ME
NE |
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