7. Письмово дайте відповіді на запитання до тексту:

1. How do people explain the behavior of a person who has social problems?

2. Is the scientific study of society fairy recent or does it go back many centuries?

3. Why have scientific effort required the development of cocepts and research tools for the study of human behavior?

8. Напишіть еквіваленти до поданих слів.

1. Поведінка;

2. Справлятися;

3. Помилково;

4. Слабка воля;

5. Індивідуальність;

6. Самі різні пороки та недоліки;

7. Спадщина;

8. Фізичне явище;

9. Расове походження;

10. Матеріальний світ.

ВАРІАНТ V

1. Перепишіть наступні речення та перекладіть їх на рідну мову, звертаючи увагу на різні значення слів.

1. This is a black pencil and that is a red one.

2. It’s high time ao start our cooperation.

3. One should take into consideration this point.

4. These are magazines and those are yours.

5. “I don’ think he is right.” That is what she said.

2. Перепишіть наступні речення, визначте в кожному з них час і стан дієслова-присудка. Перекладіть речення на рідну мову.

1. I watched television yesterday evening I haven’t watched this evening.

2. How long have you been writing this letter?

3. I’m not hungry. I’ve just had lunch.

4. Have you seen Ann recently?

5. Will you please be quiet?

3. Перепишіть наступні речення і перекладіть їх на рідну мову, пам’ятаючи про різні значення дієслів to be, to have, to do.

1. We are to meet at 5 o’clock.

2. I have to get up early on Mondays.

3. The goods had to be sent by airplane.

4. Do come tomorrow!

5. He ill have to do it.

4. Перепишіть наступні речення і перкладіть їх на рідну мову, зветвючи увагу на функцію інфінітиву, герундія і дієприкметника в реченні.

1. There is no hope of ourgetting a letter from him soon.

2. I hope to be sent to the coference.

3. I asked him to speak slowly.

4. Entering the room, she turned on the light.

5. The storm prevented the steamer from learning the port.

6. He has no desire to be appointed to this post.

7. She watched the children writing the dictation.

8. I stayed there to see what would happen.

5. Перепишіть наступні речення і перекладіть їх на рідну мову, звертаючи увагу, як в них передається наказ або прохання за опомогою дієслова to let.

1. Let him translate the letters from German into Russian.

2. Let them give the books to the library in time.

3. Please let us know when you’re coming.

6. Прочитайте та перекладіть текст на рідну мову.

SOCIAL STATUS

In social groups, as well as in the larger society, there are social structures involving systems of relationships among the members. Members have definite reciprocal rights and duties which are result of each person’s social status or social position. An individual’s definition of the world around him depends largely upon his social status, such as the class and subgroups to which he belongs. These interrelated status positions are based on such criteria as sex, age, race, family, and achievement. When status is based on one’s position in the social structure at birth, regardless of personal attributes, it is referred to as ascribed status. When a person’s social position is the product of achievement it is termed achieved status. In former times a person’s status and role were clearly defined, and were largely fixed for life at hte time of birth. In contemporary society it is possible that one’s position at birth can be much altered through achievement. Changes in statuses and roles may give rise to conflicts within the person as ell as among groups.

Many people are as unaware of the great diversity and specialization among groups in modern society, and of the variations in their effects upon individual persons, as is a fish ofthe ater around him. Groups, such as the neighborhood, village, or city, are based on physical proximity, and others, such as the family and larger groups of relatives, are based on kinship. Still others are based on congeniality, or on economic, technological, or other interests.