LEXICAL MEANING: STRUCTURE AND DEVELOPMENT

1. WORD MEANING

   1. Reference, concept, sense.

   2. Motivation: onomatopoetic, morphological, semantic.

   3. Types of meanings: grammatical vs lexical.

2. LEXICAL MEANING

   1. Types of lexical meaning (nominative, syntactically conditioned, phraseologically bound).

   2. Nominative meaning (conceptual + associative).

   3. Connotational components.

3. SEMANTIC STRUCTURE OF THE WORD.

   1. Types of semantic structure: monosemy, bisemy, polysemy, semantic diffusion.

   2. Polysemantic structure treated diachronically.

      1. Direct meaning (primary and derived).

      2. Secondary meaning (denotative and figurative).

4. CHANGE/ SHIFT OF MEANING.

   1. Reasons and conditions for semantic shift.

   2. Paths of semantic development.

      1. Types of metaphoric shift.

      2. Types of metonymy.

   3. Outcomes or results of semantic shift.

      1. Semantic change in denotation.

         1. Extension vs restriction.

         2. Shift to opposite (enantiosemy).

      2. Semantic change in connotation:

4.3.2.1. Pejoration vs amelioration.

4.3.2.2. Emotive intensification.

4.3.2.4. Change in social connotation: register shift.

RECOMMENDED READING

Arnold, Irina. The English Word. - Moscow: Vyshaja Shkola. 1986. – Ch. VII. Semantic Structure of English Words. P. 145. - 180.

Квеселевич Д.І., Сасіна В.П. Практикум з лексикології сучасної англійської мови: Навч. пос.- Вінниця: Вид-во “Нова книга”, 2001. – С. 52 - 66.

Антрушина Г.Б., Афанасьева О.В., Морозова Н.Н. Лексикология английского языка: Учебник для пед. вузов. – 3-е изд-е. - – М.: Дрофа, 2001. – C. 129 -165.

Rayevskaya N.M. English Lexicology. – Kiev.: “Vysca Scola”, 1979. Ch. 6, 7. Problems of Word Meaning. Semantic Transposition of Words. – P. 116 - 181.

MAIN CONCEPTS OF THE THEME:

1. amelioration of meaning

2. broadening of meaning

3. conceptual nominative meaning

4. connotative associative meaning

5. dead metaphor

6. degradation of meaning

7. elevation of meaning

8. emotive intensification

9. enantiosemy

10. etymological motivation

11. extension of meaning

12. figurative secondary meaning

13. generalization of meaning

14. grammatical meaning

15. lexical meaning

16. metaphor

17. metonymy

18. monosemy

19. morphological motivation

20. narrowing of meaning

21. nominative lexical meaning

22. onomatopoetic motivation

23. pejoration of meaning

24. phraseologically bound lexical meaning

25. polysemy

26. primary direct meaning

27. restriction of meaning

28. secondary meaning

29. semantic diffusion

30. semantic motivation

31. semantic structure

32. shift to opposite

33. specialization of meaning

34. stylistic associative meaning

35. synecdoche

36. synesthesia (Br. synaesthesia)

37. widening of meaning