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UNIT II
Part I
Export, import, bidder, shareholder, future, profit, deal
It was later that year at a football game that he first met Roger Sharpley and discovered that the rich have 'their problems too. Sharpley, a young man from Boston; had inherited his father's company, which specialized in the import of whisky and the export of furs. Educated at Choate and later in Dartmouth College, Sharpley had all the assurance and charm of the Boston set, so often envied by his fellow countrymen. He was tall and fair, looked as if he came from Viking stock, and with his air of the gifted amateur, found most things came easily to him – especially women. He was in every way a total contrast to Harvey. Although they were poles apart, the contrast acted like a magnet and attracted the one to the other.
Roger's only ambition in life was to become an officer in the Navy, but after graduating from Dartmouth he had had to return to the family business because of his father's ill health. He had only been with the firm a few months when his father died. Roger would have liked to have sold Sharpley & Son to the first bidder, but his father had made a codicil to his will to the effect that if the firm were sold before Roger's fortieth birthday (that being the last day one can enlist for the U.S. Navy), the money gained from the sale would be divided equally among his other relatives.
Harvey gave Roger's problem considerable thought, and after two lengthy sessions with a skilful New York lawyer, suggested a course of action to Roger: Harvey would purchase 49 per cent of Sharpley & Son for $100,000 and the first $20,000 profit each year. At the age of forty, Roger could relinquish the remaining 51 per cent for a further $100,000. The Board would consist of three voting members – Harvey, Roger and one nominated by Harvey, giving him overall control. As far as Harvey was concerned, Roger could join the Navy and need only attend the annual shareholders meeting.
Roger could not believe his luck. He did not even consult anyone at Sharpley & Son, knowing only too well that they would try to talk him out of it. Harvey had counted on this and had assessed his quarry accurately. Roger gave the proposition only a few days' consideration before allowing the legal papers to be drawn up in New York, far enough away from Boston to be sure the firm did not learn what was going on. Meanwhile, Harvey returned to the Morgan Bank, where he was now looked upon as a man with a future. Since banks deal in futures, the manager agreed to help him in his new enterprise with a loan of $50,000 to add to his own $50,000, enabling Harvey to acquire 49 per cent of Sharpley & Son, and become its fifth President. The legal documents were signed in New York on October 28th, 1939,
Roger left speedily for Newport, Rhode Island, to commence his Officers Training Programme in the U.S. Navy. Harvey left for Grand Central Station to catch the train for Boston. His days as a messenger boy on the New York Stock Exchange were over. He was twenty-one years of age and the President of his own company.
What looked like disaster to most, Harvey could always turn into triumph. The American people were still suffering under Prohibition, and although Harvey could export furs, he could no longer import whisky. This had been the main reason for the fall in the company profits over the past decade. But Harvey soon found that with a little bribery, involving the Mayor of Boston, the Chief of Police and the Customs officials on the Canadian border, plus a payment to the Mafia to ensure that his products reached the restaurants and speak-easies, somehow the whisky imports went up rather than down. Sharpley & Son lost its more respectable and long-serving staff, and replaced them with animals better-suited to Harvey Metcalfe's particular jungle.
From 1930 to 1933 Harvey went from strength to strength, but when Prohibition was finally lifted by President Roosevelt after overwhelming public demand, the excitement went with it, Harvey allowed the company to continue to deal in whisky and furs while he branched out into new fields. In 1933 Sharpley & Son celebrated a hundred years in business. In three years Harvey had lost 97 years of goodwill and doubled the profits. It took him five years to reach his first million and only another four to double the sum again, which was when he decided the time had come for Harvey Metcalfe and Sharpley & Son to part company. In twelve years from 1930 to 1942, he had built up the profits from $30,000 to $910,000. He sold the company in January 1944 for $7,000,000, paying $100,000 to the widow of Captain Roger Sharpley of the U.S. Navy and keeping $6,000,000 for himself.
Harvey celebrated his thirty-fifth birthday by buying at a cost of $4 million a small, ailing bank in Boston called the Lincoln Trust. At the time it boasted a profit of approximately $500,000 a year, a prestigious building in the centre of Boston and an unblemished and somewhat boring reputation. Harvey intended to change both its reputation and its balance sheet. He enjoyed being the President of a bank – but it did nothing to improve his honesty. Every dubious deal in the Boston area seemed to emanate from the Lincoln Trust, and although Harvey increased the Bank's profits to $2 million per annum during the next five years, his personal reputation was never in credit.
NOTES
Prohibition – the forbidding by law of the manufacture, transportation, and sale of alcoholic liquors for beverage purposes in the US from 1920 to 1933.
Vocabulary notes
1. export
ant. import.
to specialize in the export (import) of smth – специализироваться на экспорте (импорте) чего-либо
to export (import) smth – экспортировать (импортировать) что-либо
2. profit
a fall in profits – падение прибыли
to go up (down) – возрастать (уменьшаться) (about profits)
to purchase profit in a company – приобретать право на долю прибыли в компании
to realize a profit – реализовать, использовать прибыль
to double profits – удвоить прибыль
to increase profits – увеличить прибыль
syn. to build up profits
3. deal
dubious deal – сомнительная сделка
to deal in smth (futures, furs. etc.) – заниматься ч-л, специализироваться в области чего-либо
to deal for oneself (text 1) – заботиться о себе
Word-combinations
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to inherit a company – унаследовать компанию
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to sell smth to the first bidder – продать что-либо первому покупателю
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to be poles apart – быть полными противоположностями
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to relinquish smth – отказаться от чего-либо, передавать что-либо
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to make a codicil to one's will to the effect that – внести дополнительное распоряжение в завещание, касающееся чего-либо
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to draw up legal papers – составить юридические документы
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to branch out into new fields – расширять свою деятельность на другие области
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to attend a shareholders meeting – принимать участие в собрании пайщиков
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to part company – расстаться, отделиться
Pгоblеm questions:
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What was it that drew Roger Sharpley to Harvey Metcalfe? How can you explain it?
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What attractions did Roger Sharpley have for Harvey Metcalfe? Why?
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Do you think Harvey Metcalfe felt any remorse for the way he had dealt with Roger Sharpley and his widow?
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Do you believe the author had every right to say that Metcalfe's reputation had never been in credit over the years? Why?
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Would you say that purchasing the Lincoln Trust was a good deal? Support your answer.
Part II order, broker, commission, quote, spread, price continuity, specialist, block-trading
Vocabulary notes
1. order
to take an order from smb – принимать приказ клиента на покупку или продажу ценных бумаг
to relay an order to smb – передавать приказ кому-либо
syn. to pass an order on to smb
to execute an order – выполнять приказ
to report an order – сообщать о результатах операции с ценными бумагами
on orders from smb – по приказу от кого-либо
limit order – лимитный (ограниченный) приказ
time order – приказ клиента биржевому брокеру, действительный в течение определенного времени
stop order – приказ "стоп": приказ продавать или покупать на лучших условиях при достижении ценой определенного уровня
2. broker
a member broker – член биржи
syn. an exchange member
an account executive
an RR
floor broker – член биржи, непосредственно участвующий в торге в торговом зале биржи
stock broker – фондовый брокер, член фондовой биржи
Securities broker – брокер, специализирующийся на купле-продаже ценных бумаг
odd lot broker – брокер, специализирующийся на нестандартных операциях с ценными бумагами
exchange broker – брокер фондовой биржи
real estate broker – маклер по операциям с недвижимостью
money broker – маклер на денежном рынке
broker-dealer (b/d) – брокер-дилер
brokerage firm – брокерская компания
to contact a brokerage firm – связаться с брокерской компанией
brokerage (см. commission)
3. commission
fixed commission – фиксированное комиссионное вознаграждение
negotiated commission – договорное комиссионное вознаграждение
commission rate – комиссионная ставка
to charge commission – изымать комиссионные, брать вознаграждение
4. quote
to quote – регистрировать курс, котировать
quotation of the day – курс дня
asked quotation – курс продавца
bid quotation – курс покупателя
over the counter quotation – котировка во внебиржевом обороте
5. spread
to narrow the spread – сократить спрэд, разрыв в ценах
to profit from the spread – получать выгоду, прибыль от разрыва в ценах
6. price continuity
to maintain price continuity – поддерживать преемственность цен
syn. to preserve price continuity – поддерживать стабильность рынка
7. specialist – специалист, член фондовой биржи; поддерживающий рынок по той или иной ценной бумаге, оперируя за свой счет.
8. block-trading – торговля крупными партиями акций, операции с пакетами акций