Unit 5

Тема: Космонавтика

Грамматика:

1. Модальные глаголы и их заменители.

2. Инфинитив (The Active and Passive Voice).

3. Парные союзы.

4. Бессоюзное подчинение определительных придаточных предложений.

5. Отрицательные префиксы прилагательных.

Повторение:

1. Глаголы to be, to have во временах Indefinite.

2. The Indefinite Tenses.

3. Причастия.

4. Грамматический разбор сложных предложений.

5. Степени сравнения прилагательных.

6. Цепочки существительных.

7. Модальные глаголы.

Тексты:

1. History of space exploration in the 20th Century

2. Exploration of the Moon

Лексика

	aboard	на борту
	alone	единственно, только
	assumption	допущение, предположение
	being	существо
	body	тело
	celestial	небесный
	crew	команда, экипаж
	duration	длительность
	Earth	Земля
	experience	опыт
	famous	знаменитый
	far	далеко
	flight	полет
	half	половина
	hard	твердый
	heat	тепло
	honor	честь
	kind	тип, вид
	magnificent	величественный
	member	член (команды), элемент (конструкции)
	milestone	веха, этап, достижение
	Moon	Луна
	outer	внешний, наружный
	own	собственный
	part	часть
	possible	возможный
	pressure	давление
	quite	совсем, полностью
	rock	скала, горная порода
	side	сторона
	soft	мягкий
	spacecraft	космический корабль
	spaceflight	космический полет
	spacewalk	выход в открытый космос
	successful	успешный
	surface	поверхность
	to complete	завершать
	to describe	описывать
	to emit	издавать (звук), излучать (энергию)
	to enter	войти
	to land land	приземляться, делать посадку; земля
	to last last at last	длиться; последний; наконец
	to launch	запускать (ракету)
	to spend (spent, spent)	проводить (время)
	to unveil	торжественно открывать (памятник)
	to walk walk	гулять, ходить (пешком); прогулка
	to weigh	весить
	view	вид

I. Вспомните, как переводятся следующие слова:

man; woman; mankind; time; times; year; eye; to live; to open; to see (saw, seen); to speak (spoke, spoken); to hear (heard, heard); short; strong; around; before; quickly.

II. Прочитайте и переведите слова, не пользуясь словарем. Обратите внимание на их произношение:

algorithm; analysis; apparatus; around; aspect; astronaut; astronomy; automatic; beeps; commander; companion; condition; dog; dynamic; era; exploitation; firsts; giant; globe; historic; horizon; intense; international; kilogram; kilometre line; lunar; man; mankind; Mars; medical; minute; mission; monument; orbit; panoramic; period; photograph; picture; probe; rational; report; role; satellite; second; signal; Soviet; station; statistical; temperature; thyristor; to categorize; to classify; to culminate; to encode; to orbit; to start; step, to step; to stop; to transmit; transmitter; union; Venus; the U.S.; the USSR.

III. Прочитайте, переведите и попытайтесь запомнить следующие слова:

• существительные

assumption; being; body; crew; duration; Earth; experience; flight; half; heat; honor; kind; land; launch; member; milestone; Moon; part; pressure; rock; side; spacecraft; spaceflight; spacewalk; surface; view; walk;

• прилагательные

celestial; famous; far; general; hard; last; magnificent; outer; own; possible; soft; successful;

• глаголы

to complete; to describe; to emit; to enter; to explore; to land; to last; to launch; to spend; to unveil; to walk; to weigh;

• наречия

aboard; alone; at last; far; quite.

IV. Переведите следующие словосочетания на русский язык:

a) any point of the world; one of the fundamental components of all modern computers; the first artificial satellite of the Moon; a collection of routines, rules and symbolic languages; the U.S.A.; the USSR; the physical exploration of space; the significant progress of mankind; analysis of the radio signals; many of the first milestones in space exploration; the first photographs of the unseen far side of the Moon; the launch of the first space station with a crew of three members; one of the most famous and magnificent aspects of space exploration; a panoramic view of the lunar surface, nearby rocks and the view of the horizon;

b) a general purpose computer; the physical space exploration era; temperature and pressure data; the first automatic soft landing; radio equipment; a program timing device; heat control systems;

c) any cell of a computer's memory; a computer’s data storage system; the Soviet Union’s probe Luna 10; the particular field's knowledge; the USSR's first artificial satellite; the Soviet Union’s space program.

Повторение

V. Вместо пропусков вставьте нужную форму глаголов “to be”или “to have”во времени Present Indefinite. Задайте вопрос и дайте отрицательный ответ. То же сделайте и для времен Past and Future Indefinite. Предложения переведите:

а) 1. Now the Internet and the World Wide Web … at any point of the world. 2. This ability … a significant importance in device control. 3. The Internet and the World Wide Web … not one and the same. 4. The Internet … a global data communications system. 5. In contrast, the Web … one of the services communicated via the Internet.

б) 1. Mathematical methods … great significance to the study of electronics. 2. E-mail … an important communications service available on the Internet. 3. In contrast to hardware software … a non-physical nature. 4. Any cell of a computer's memory … a numbered "address" and can store a single number. 5. There … some robots which mimic the mechanical structure of humans. 6. Memory … a computer’s data storage system and one of the fundamental components of all modern computers. 7. A general purpose computer … four main components: the arithmetic logic unit, the control unit, the memory, and the input and output devices.

VI. Прочитайте предложения, найдите в них сказуемое, определите его время. Сделайте грамматический разбор предложения и задайте к каждому предложению не менее трех вопросов:

а) 1. Today, commercial and industrial robots are in widespread use. 2. The first artificial satellite of the Moon was the Soviet probe Luna 10. 3. Stories of artificial helpers and companions had a long history. 4. The Soviet dog Laika became the first animal in orbit on November 3, 1957. 5. Humans will land the Mars in future.

б) 1. In practice, robots were usually electro-mechanical systems. 2. A modem is a device that allows computers to communicate over telephone lines. 3. The first artificial satellite had two radio transmitters. 4. Valentina Tereshkova orbited the Earth 48 times aboard “Vostok 6”. 5. The flight to the Mars will take too much time.

VII. Сделайте грамматический разбор предложений, определите в каком времени стоят сказуемые. Предложения переведите:

1. When combined with another term, such as "medical technology" or "space technology", technology refers to the particular field's knowledge. 2. Today, commercial and industrial robots are in widespread use performing jobs more cheaply or more accurately and reliably than humans. 3. Software can also be described as a collection of routines, rules and symbolic languages that provide the functioning of the hardware. 4. In 2009, scientists developed a manipulator which functions like a real hand allowing patients to write with it, type on a keyboard, play piano and perform other accurate movements.

VIII. Прочитайте следующие словосочетания. Обратите внимание на степени сравнения прилагательных и наречий:

the shortest; to work faster and more reliably; to consume much less power; to be smaller, cheaper, faster and more reliable; most robots; the first robot is faster, the other is stronger; the newest development; the simplest computers; to be millions of times more powerful; in its more general sense; to perform jobs more accurately; to perform jobs more cheaply or more accurately and reliably; more various applications; the most numerous; the greatest achievements; the most famous and important.

IX. Образуйте сравнительную и превосходную степени от следующих прилагательных и наречий:

famous; giant; magnificent; possible; small; soft; successful; dangerous; hot; long; real; strong; widespread; far; accurately; well; widely.

X. Прочитайте и переведите цепочки существительных:

Space exploration; the physical space exploration era; radio transmitters; radio signals; temperature and pressure data; a space probe; six Apollo lunar landing missions; rock samples; the lunar surface material; the first robot lunar probe.

XI. Образуйте причастия Participle I, Participle II от следующих глаголов:

to culminate; to focus; to orbit; to start; to stop; to achieve; to collect; to complete; to conduct; to emit; to enter; to explore; to land; to last; to launch; to live; to open; to see; to speak; to spend; to step; to transmit; to unveil; to walk; to weigh.

XII. Вместо пропусков вставьте модальные глаголы. Поставьте к каждому предложению вопрос и дайте отрицательный ответ:

1. We … classify science as experimental and applied. 2. This routine … refer to the most modern software. 3. Robots … perform dangerous work. 4. We … discuss those problems at any time. 5. They … use this information in the control algorithms of a robot. 6. These semiconductor components … perform electron control. 7. We … not find any modern circuits that are only analog. 8. Engineers … solve this practical problem using only theoretical assumptions.