- •1. Kyiv University. The Faculty of Law. Prominent People. Kyiv University. Its Historical and Modern Aspects.
- •2. What is Law? Need for Law. The Need for Law. Functions of Law. Kinds of Law
- •3. History of Law. Sources of Law of Great Britain, Sources of Law in Ukraine. The Birth of Law
- •The Legal Heritage of Greece and Rome
- •The Sources of English Law
- •The History of the Ukrainian Legal System
- •Main Sources of Ukrainian Law
- •4. Legal Language. Legalese
- •5. Branches of Law. Branches of the Law of Ukraine
- •International Law
- •The legal profession. Barristers and Solicitors
- •Judges and juries
- •My Future Profession
- •1. Constitution - the Standard of Legitimacy. Types of Constitutions. Constitutions of Ukraine, Great Britain and the usa. Constitution – the Standard of Legitimacy
- •The Constitution of Ukraine
- •The British Constitution
- •The u.S. Constitution and the Bill of Rights
- •The bill of rights
- •2. Political Parties. Elections in Ukraine, Great Britain and the usa. Political Parties of the uk
- •Political Parties of the usa
- •Political Parties of Ukraine
- •Electoral System in the uk
- •Elections in Great Britain
- •Elections in the usa
- •3. Legislative Power in Ukraine, Great Britain and the usa. State Power Institutions in Ukraine: The Verhovna Rada (Parliament) of Ukraine
- •Legislature(Great Britain)
- •The legislative branch(usa)
- •4. Executive Power in Ukraine, Great Britain and the usa. State Power Institutions in Ukraine: Government of Ukraine
- •State Power Institutions in Ukraine: The President of Ukraine
- •Executive(Great Britain)
- •The exacutive power(usa)
- •5. Judicial Power in Ukraine, Great Britain and the usa. State Power Institutions in Ukraine: The System of Judicial Authority
- •Supreme Court of the United Kingdom
- •The system of courts in the united states
- •1. What is the Court? Purposes and Structures of the Court.
- •2. Types of Courts. Types and organization of courts
- •3. Persons in Courts.
- •4. Documents in Courts.
- •2. Company formation. Law firm structure.
- •3. Company Directors and Company Secretaries. Who can be a director
- •Duties and liabilities of directors
- •Company secretaries
- •1. The United Nations and its Bodies. The Universal Declaration of Human Rights. The Main Organs of the United Nations
- •Universal Declaration of Human Rights
- •Preamble
- •Human Rights Set out in the Declaration
- •2. The Council of Europe and its Bodies. The Council of Europe
- •3. The European Court of Human Rights.
- •4. The European Convention on Human Rights.
- •5. The European Union and its Bodies. The Institutions of the European Union
- •The European Parliament
- •6. The System of Collective Security. The nato. The North Atlantic Treaty Organization
The legislative branch(usa)
Supreme legislative power in the American government lies with Congress, which consists of two chambers or houses – the Senate (the upper house) and the House of Representatives (the lower house). Each state has its own government, following the Washington pattern – State Assemblies or Legislatures with two chambers.
Congress of the United States is the legislature of the United States of America established under the Constitution of 1789 and separated structurally from the executive and judicial branches of government.
Congress has no general legislative power such as is enjoyed by the British Parliament, and to a lesser degree by the legislatures of the American states; it has only such functions and authority as are expressly conferred on it by the Constitution or are implied in the Constitution. Many of the express powers are defined in Article 1, Section 8. Among these are the power ‘to levy and collect taxes’, ‘borrow money on the credit of the United States’, ‘regulate commerce with foreign nations and among several states’, ‘coin money’, ‘establish post offices’, ‘declare war’, ‘raise and support armies’, and ‘make all laws’ necessary for the execution of its own powers and ‘all other powers vested by this Constitution in the government of the United States’. This Section also empowers Congress to administer the District of Columbia, which contains seat of the federal government. Other express powers are conferred on Congress in other articles of the Constitution. Among the implied powers of Congress is the right to establish legislative machinery to give effect to its express powers.
The Senate is one of the two houses of the legislature of the United States established in 1789 under the Constitution. The role of the Senate was conceived by the Founding Fathers as a check on the popularly elected House of Representatives. The US Senate has some special powers, not given to the House of Representatives. The Senate approves or disapproves major Presidential appointments of such high officials as ambassadors, Cabinet ministers and federal judges. The Senate must also ratify, by a two-third vote, treaties between the USA and foreign countries.
The House of Representatives has a special power of its own. Only a member of the House can introduce a bill to raise money, but it must also be passed by the Senate before it can become a law.
The Senate is composed of 100 members, two from each of 50 states, who are elected for a term of six years. Although Congressional elections take place every two years, only one-third of the Senate is re-elected, thereby ensuring continuity.
The Constitution says that a Senator must be at least 30 years old, a citizen of the USA for nine years and a resident of the state from which he is elected. The individual seats in the Senate are numbered. Democrats sit in the Western part of the chamber – on Vice President’s right. Republicans sit on his left. Vice President presides over the Senate and conducts debates. The Senate is more stable and more conservative than the House of Representatives, as many Senators are re-elected several times and often they are more experienced politicians.
The House of Representatives has 435 members. The number of Representatives which each state sends to the House depends on its population. The Constitution says that each state, no matter how small it is in population, must have at least one Representative.
A Representative must be at least 25 years of age, a US citizen for seven years and live in the state from which he is elected. Congressmen of the House do not have individual seats, by tradition Democrats sit on the Speaker’s right, Republicans – on his left. The Speaker presides over the House and conducts debates. The Speaker, like the Vice-President in the Senate, may vote, but usually he does not do it, except in case of a tie-vote.
Votes are taken in American Congress in four different ways. Usually the Speaker or the Vice-President says, ‘As many as are in favour say ‘Aye’!’ and then, ‘As many as are opposed say ‘No’!’ In most case it is enough. But if there is a doubt those in favour are asked to stand up and they are counted. The Speaker or the Vice President does the counting in his chamber and announces the result. If there is still doubt, two tellers are appointed. The fourth way is the roll-call, where the names of all Congressmen are called out and they answer ‘Aye’ or ‘No’.