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2.11 Answer the following questions on the text.

1 Where is the first recorded attempt of flying in heavier-than-air craft found?

2. According to the legend, were the first experiments with the wings, successful?

3. Who began first serious investigations into the possibility of man-flight?

4. What did Leonardo-da-Vinci design and invent?

5. When did his ideas on the possibility of soaring in the air come to light?

6. Who constructed several types of gliders?

7. How many successful flights did O.Lilienthal make between 1893 and 1896?

8. Who made the first controlled and powered flight?

2.12 Mark each statement as t (True), f (False) or n (Not Mentioned).

1. Man’s first attempts in flying heavier-than-air aircraft were successful from the very beginning.

2. The first serious investigations into the possibility of man-flight took place in the 17th century.

3. Leonardo-da-Vinci devised only one thing: a fixed-wing glider.

4. Leonardo constructed 6 models with which he experimented.

5. Since then no more experiments were carried out to build and fly men-made aircraft.

6. Lilienthal was the greatest of the early pioneers of gliding.

Grammar revision

2.13 Translate the sentences paying attention to the use of the Gerund.

1. Flying from Los-Angeles to Tokyo on board a new supersonic craft will take two hours.

2. The only way of overcoming the great air resistance at high velocities is flying higher.

3. In flowing over the aircraft’s surface the fuel cools its skin.

4. On taking off from the Earth the rocket must get as much acceleration as possible to work up the necessary speed.

2.14 Fill in the blanks with prepositions where necessary.

1. At low speeds the engine can use turbines compressing the air before mixing it with fuel in the combustion chamber.

2. Daedalus succeeded propelling himself through the air by means of wings attached to the body with wax.

3. The aircraft of this type will be capable flying at five times above the speed of the sound.

4. The first recorded attempt flying in heavier-than-air craft is found in the Greek legend.

5. using supercomputers it is possible to avoid making mistakes in extremely complicated computations

6. The Civil Aviation Council marked the beginning of the systematic work creating Soviet Civil Aviation.

2.15 Translate into English:

1. В 15 веке итальянский художник и ученый Леонардо да Винчи начал изучать возможность полета человека.

2. Он спроектировал первый летательный аппарат, приводимый в движение мускульной силой человека, а также изобрел планер с неподвижным крылом и вертолет.

3. Можайский был первым, кто спроектировал и построил самолет с силовым двигателем.

4. Для строительства самолетов в царской России не было специализированной промышленной базы.

5. В 1918 правительство организовало Институт Аэро-Гидродинамики во главе с Н.Жуковским.

6. Н.Жуковского можно считать основоположником современной аэродинамики благодаря его известной теории крыла самолета и гребного винта.(The wing and the screw theory)

Speaking

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