В. П. РОДИОНОВА, Л. А. ДОЛГИХ

МЕТОДИЧЕСКИЕ УКАЗАНИЯ

ПО АНГЛИЙСКОМУ ЯЗЫКУ

К ТЕМЕ « ВЫСШЕЕ ОБРАЗОВАНИЕ»

(«HIGHER EDUCATION»)

ОМСК 2011

Министерство транспорта Российской Федерации

Федеральное агентство железнодорожного транспорта

Омский государственный университет путей сообщения

______________________________

В. П. Родионова, Л. А. Долгих

МЕТОДИЧЕСКИЕ УКАЗАНИЯ

ПО АНГЛИЙСКОМУ ЯЗЫКУ

К ТЕМЕ «ВЫСШЕЕ ОБРАЗОВАНИЕ»

(«HIGHER EDUCATION»)

Утверждено редакционно-издательским советом университета

Омск 2011

УДК 4И англ. 07

ББК 81.432.1 я7

Р 60

Методические указания по английскому языку к теме «Высшее образование» («HIGHER EDUCATION») / В. П. Родионова, Л. А. Долгих. Омский гос. ун-т путей сообщения. Омск, 2011г. 39 c.

Цель методических указаний – развитие навыков и умений устной речи по теме «Высшее образование»( «HIGHER EDUCATION»). Методические указания содержат текстовый материал оригинальной и адаптированной английской литературы и лексико-грамматические упражнения. Предложенные задания носят коммуникативный характер, стимулируют учащихся высказывать собственное мнение, обмениваться полученной информацией, сравнивать особенности высшего образования в России, Великобритании и США

Методические указания помогут студентам подготовить монологическое высказывание по теме, принять участие в беседе или дискуссии.

Предназначены для аудиторной и внеаудиторной самостоятельной работы студентов 1-го курса технических специальностей очной и заочной форм обучения.

Библиогр.: 5 назв.

Рецензенты: канд. пед. наук, ст. преподаватель ОмГУ Ж. В. Лихачева

________________________

© Омский гос. университет

путей сообщения, 2011

ОГЛАВЛЕНИЕ

Введение …………………………………………………….. Unit 1. Our University ………………………………………... Unit 2. Higher Education in the UK ………………………….. Unit 3. Education: University ………………………………… Unit 4. Higher Education in the USA ………………………… Дополнительные материалы для подготовки дискуссии, доклада, сообщения ………………………………………… Библиографический список …………………………………

5 6 20 24 28 31 39

ВВЕДЕНИЕ

Данные методические указания соответствуют программе курса «Английский язык», материал, изложенный в них, отвечает современным достижениям культуры.

Цель методических указаний – развитие навыков устной речи на английском языке у студентов 1-го курса технических специальностей по теме «Высшее образование».

Данные указания готовят студентов к монологическому высказыванию (сообщение, доклад), а также к участию в беседе или дискуссии.

Отбор текстов производился исходя из их информативной ценности и в соответствии с интересами студентов. В данных указаниях уделено внимание расширению лексического запаса студентов по теме «Высшее образование». В связи с этим к каждому тексту прилагается список новых слов, словосочетаний, а так же их синонимов, которые активизируются далее в различных упражнениях, имеющих коммуникативно-речевую направленность.

Занятия уроков 1, 2, 3, 4 посвящены разговорной теме «Университет» и «Высшее образование» в России, Великобритании, США. В конце методических указаний приводятся дополнительные тексты, содержащие познавательные сведения о ведущих университетах США и Великобритании.

1. UNIT 1. OUR UNIVERSITY

1.1. Прочитайте интернациональные слова по транскрипции, переведите их:

a) acádemy – académic [

índustry – industrial [

ecónomy– económic [

proféssor – professional [

b) institute – institution [

information [

automation [

communication [

cooperation [

examination (exam) [

c) special – specialist [

organize – reorganize [

d) chemistry [

mechanics [

telemechanics [

technical [

technology* [

architecture [

lecture [

e) physics [

mathematics (maths) [

f) laboratory (lab) [

university [

faculty [

g) finance [

humanities [

total [

locomotive [

locate [

material [

international [

general

h) status [ test [ method [ system [ result [ centre, center (амер.) [ progress [ engineer [ training [ mónument [ compactly [ separate [ computer [ public [

*technology – 1) техника; 2) технология

science and technology – наука и техника

Tomsk Institute of Technology – Томский технологический институт

etc., etcetera [ ] – и так далее

1.2. Запомните слова и словосочетания.

to consider – считать; рассматривать

training – подготовка; обучение`

railway training ground – учебный полигон

to train – обучать; сравните a train – поезд

teaching – обучение

importance – значение, важность

to be of great (special) importance – иметь большое (особое) значение

important – важный

Higher [ ] School – высшее учебное заведение

one of – один из

major [ ] – главный; крупный

junction [ ] – железнодорожный узел

´subject [ ] – предмет

the Humanities – гуманитарные науки

at present – в настоящее время

the number of – число, количество

a number of – (целый) ряд, несколько

full-time – дневной (факультет)

correspondence [ ] – заочный

as well as – а также

(railway) car – железнодорожный вагон

power supply [ ] – электроснабжение

facilities (pl. от facility) [ ] – оборудование,

не путайте facility ≠ faculty

field – здесь отрасль, область (науки, экономики), in the field of economy

graduate (n) [ ] – выпускник

to graduate from [ ] – заканчивать вуз

post-graduate studies – аспирантура

doctorate studies – докторантура

to last – длиться, продолжаться

to divide [ ] – делить

term [ ] (semester – амер.) – семестр

twice a year (week) … – дважды в год (неделю)

information science [ ] – информатика =

information technology [ ]

foreign [ ] language – иностранный язык. Сравните: foreign country – зарубежная страна

foundation – основа, фундамент syn. basis

to found – основывать

knowledge [ ] – знание

by means of – посредством, с помощью

means [ ] – средства (транспорта)

per cent (percent) [ ] – процент

scientist [ ] – ученый

science [ ] – наука

workshop – мастерская, цех

′hostel – общежитие

to be located = to be situated – располагаться, находиться

close [ ] – тесный, близкий, близко

to close [ ] – закрывать

Refresher course [ ] – курсы усовершенствования

highly qualified [ ] engineers (teachers) – высококвалифицированные инженеры (преподаватели)

to take exams – сдавать экзамены

general subjects – здесь: общеобразовательные предметы

specialized subjects [ ] – специальные предметы

student’s progress – успехи, достижения студента

training facilities – учебно-материальная база

well-equipped [ ] labs – хорошо оборудованные лаборатории

Professional Development Institute – институт повышения квалификации

computer (nuclear) engineering – компьютерная (ядерная) техника

engineering data (subjects) – технические данные (предметы)

Heat-and-Power (Thermal) Engineering – теплоэнергетика.

Еngineering [ ] – 1) (п) техника, машиностроение, инженерное дело, конструирование, строительное дело; 2) (adj) технический, машиностроительный

1.3. Сравните слова и запомните их.

British English	American English
fáculty railway term [ ] hóstel holiday dining-hall first-year student second-year student transport center of the city correspondence	department railroad semester dormitory (dorm) [ ] vacation canteen [ ] freshman sophomore [ ] transportátion downtown part-time

1.4. К словам первого ряда подберите синонимы из второго.

faculty general training term today holiday to be located Higher School important engineering many first-year student major prominent foundation

teaching vacation department main semester significant to be situated technology basis basic freshman university at present famous a lot of

1.5. Произнесите вслух за преподавателем следующие слова.

engineer [ ] engineering [ ] university [ ] Siberia [ ] Siberian [ ] technology [ ] mechanics [ ] mathematics [ ] physics [ ] laboratory [ ] Russian [ ] progress [ ] electrotechnical [ electromechanics [ professional [ ]

academy [ academic [ knowledge [ qualified [ special [ specialist [ specialized [ locomotive [ international [ architecture [ Austria [ ] Germany [ ] Sweden [ ] Poland [ ] Czech Republic [ Asia [ ]

1.6. Прочитайте правильно даты и переведите словосочетания с числительными.

1900 1961 1995 1914 1917 from 1914 to 1917 (1914-1917) 5 or 6 years

10,000 (thousand) people 5,000 (thousand) specialists two terms (weeks, months) at five full-time faculties ten months first-year students second-year students in the first two years in the third year four figures for many years

1.7. Обратите внимание и сравните перевод слова academic:

academic year учебный год

academic degree ученая степень

academic building учебное здание (корпус)

academic hour академический час

1.8. Переведите следующие предложения, правильно подобрав перевод предлога for и текст.

for – 1) для; 2) за; 3) из-за, по причине; 4) в течение; 5) в; 6) на;

7) так как.

1. He will do it for her.

2. We are for peace.

3. We sent for a doctor.

4. This writer is famous for his books.

5. We worked for an hour.

6. I saw him for the first time.

7. This plan is for years.

8. He didn’t come to the meeting for he was ill.

OMSK STATE TRANSPORT UNIVERSITY

Railways are considered to be the backbone¹ of the country’s economy, that’s why² training of highly qualified engineers for railways is a problem of special importance.

Omsk State Transport University (OSTU) is one of the oldest Higher Schools in the East of the country. It originated from Tomsk Institute of Technology where in 1900 the training of locomotive and car engineers began. In 1961 it was transferred to Omsk – a major railway junction of the Trans-Siberian Railway. In 1995 our Railway Institute was reorganized into the Railway Academy and two years later it acquired the university status.

At present the total number of students at the University is more than 10,000. They study at five full-time faculties (5 years) and the Correspondence Faculty (6 years). The full-time faculties are the following: the Mechanical Engineering Faculty, the Faculty of Automation, Telemechanics and Information Technologies, Heat-and-Power Engineering Faculty, the Faculty of Electromechanics and the Faculty of Management and Economy. They will become engineers specializing in Locomotives; Railway Cars; Electric Transport and Communication; Radio and Control Systems of Railway Transport; Power Supply for Railways; Heat-and-Power (Thermal) Engineering; Information Systems and Technologies and others.

Today it pays much more attention to the Humanities. Besides, the University trains specialists in Economy, Finance, Management, Marketing, Public Relations, Quality Control, Tourism, etc. Present-day OSTU provides training with 4-year course for Bachelor’s³ degree, 5-year – for specialists, 6-year – for Master’s⁴ degree.

Every year over 5,000 specialists of railway transport take Refresher Course at the Professional Development Institute. Our University has Post-graduate and Doctorate studies.

The academic year begins in September and lasts ten months. It is divided into two terms and at the end of each term students take exams. Twice a year they have vacations – two weeks in winter and two months in summer.

The first- and second- year students study general subjects such as Mathematics, Physics, Chemistry, Mechanics, Strength of Materials as well as Information Science, Foreign Languages and a number of others. The subjects studied in the first two years are very important for future engineers. These years are good foundation for professional knowledge. In the third year students begin studying specialized subjects.

The methods of teaching at the University are lectures, laboratory and course works, seminars and practical lessons. The student’s progress is evaluated by means of tests, term works and exams in each course (за каждый курс).

The University is staffed by highly qualified teachers. Among the leading teachers there are full members and corresponding members of International and Russian Technical Academies, Transport Academics, the Electrotechnical Academy and others. 67 per cent of the University teachers have academic degrees.

Among the University graduates there are Deputy Ministers of Railways, Heads of Railway Divisions, prominent scientists, directors of industrial enterprises, bank managers both in Russia and abroad.

The University possesses good training facilities. There are a lot of well-equipped labs, lecture-halls, workshops and computer classes. There are a very good technical library, a computer centre and working railway equipment training ground. Four academic buildings, six student hostels, a dining-hall, a medical centre, a culture and entertainment centre and a sports complex are compactly located on the campus in the downtown of Omsk.

The University maintains close contacts with railway and technical universities of Europe, North America and South-East Asia. Every year 20-30 OSTU students are sent to the universities and railway enterprises of Austria, Germany, Czech Republic, Poland and other countries.

Переведите: … is considered to be a monument of architecture.

Дополнительный словарь к тексту

to originate [ ] from – происходить, брать начало

to transfér [ ] – переводить, перемещать

later (late) – позже

Strength of Materials – сопротивление материалов

course work [ ] – курсовая работа

to evaluate [ ] – оценивать

to staff – укомплектовывать (штаты)

leading teacher – ведущий преподаватель

full member – действительный член

corresponding member – член-корреспондент

degree [ ] – здесь ученая степень

Deputy Mínister – заместитель министра

Railway Divísion – отделение железной дороги

prominent – видный, известный

enterprise [ ] – (промышленное) предприятие

to posséss [ ] – обладать, владеть

campus [ ] – амер. территория университета, кампус

to maintáin [ ] – поддерживать

recently [ ] – недавно

to acquire – приобретать abroad – за границей

1.8. Подберите к русским словосочетаниям английские эквиваленты.

1) to take exams 2) total number 3) training facilities 4) course work 5) Higher School 6) close contacts 7) railway junction 8) refresher course 9) problem of special importance 10) information science 11) to pay attention

a) курсовая работа b) информатика c) высшее учебное заведение d) сдавать экзамены e) учебно-материальная база f) проблема особой важности q) тесные контакты h) железнодорожный узел i) курсы усовершенствования j) уделять внимание k) общее число

1.9. Прослушайте словосочетания и переведите их.

At present; twice a year; full-time faculties; the methods of teaching; by means of tests; good training facilities; the number of students; the student’s progress; well-equipped labs; close contacts; a number of problems; post-graduate studies; management and marketing; the first- and second-year students; general subjects; country’s economy; the training of highly qualified engineers for railways; a problem of special importance; a major railway junction, communication.

1.10. Переведите слова и словосочетания на английский язык.

Высококвалифицированные инженеры; железнодорожный узел; в настоящее время; иметь большое значение; общеобразовательные предметы; методы обучения; экономика страны; электроснабжение; гуманитарные науки; иностранный язык; ученая степень; тесные контакты; информатика; находиться; факультет дневного обучения; специальные предметы.

1.11. Прочитайте предложения и переведите выделенные слова и словосочетания, не пользуясь словарем.

1) Omsk is a major railway junction of the Trans-Siberian Railway.

2) At present the total number of students at the University is more than 10,000.

3) Our students study at five full-time faculties.

4) Twice a year students have vacations.

5) The first- and second-year students study general subjects.

6) The University possesses good training facilities.

7) There are many well-equipped labs, workshops and computer classes at the University.

8) Our University maintains close contacts with the Technical Universities of Germany, Austria, Poland and a number of other countries.

1.12. Вставьте, где это необходимо, предлоги в следующие словосочетания.

A problem (…) special importance; one (…) the oldest higher schools in the East (…) the country; the University pays much more attention (…) the Humanities; the total number (…) students; the academic year lasts (…) ten months; it is divided (…) two terms; at the end (…) each term; the student’s progress is evaluated (…) means of tests; a polyclinic is located (…) the campus; twice (…) a year.

1.13. Найдите окончание для каждого предложения, выбрав правильный вариант из предложенных.

1. Our University is one of the oldest Higher Schools … .

   a) in Russia

   b) in the East of the country

2. The first- and second-year students study … .

   a) specialized subjects

   b) general subjects

3. The University hostels are located … .

a) on the outskirts (окраина) of the city

b) close to the University buildings

1.14. Для каждого предложения из колонки А найдите окончание в колонке В.

Column A

Column B

1) Our University is … 2) The total number of students… 3) There are five … 4) Our students will become … 5) Our University has … 6) In the third year … 7) The methods of teaching at the University … 8) The University possesses …

a) engineers specializing in Locomotives; Railway Cars; Electric Transport; Information Systems and others. b) Post-graduate and Doctorate studies. c) students begin to study specialized subjects. d) good training facilities. e) is more than 10,000. f) are lectures, laboratory and course works, seminars and practical lessons. g) one of the oldest Higher Schools in the East of the country. h) full-time faculties and the Correspondence faculty.

1.15. Прочитайте ещё раз текст. Расположите предложения в хронологическом порядке, поставив цифры 1–7 в соответствующих квадратах.

A. □ – Besides, the University trains specialists in the field of Economy, Finance, Management, Marketing, etc.

B. □ – At present the total number of students at the University is more than 10,000.

C. □ – Our University originated from Tomsk Institute of Technology in 1900.

D. □ – The University maintains close contacts with the Technical Universities of Germany and Austria.

E. □ – The student’s progress is evaluated by means of tests, term works and exams in each course.

6. □ – The first- and second-year students study general subjects.

7. □ – The University is staffed by highly qualified teachers.

1.16. Замените в предложениях выражения, данные в скобках на русском языке, английскими.

at present; in the field of; well-equipped; one of the oldest; is divided into; are compactly located; post-graduate studies; the Correspondence faculty; a major railway junction.

1) Omsk State Transport University is (один из старейших) Higher Schools in the East of the country.

2) In 1961 our University was transferred to Omsk – (крупный железнодорожный узел) of the Trans-Siberian Railway.

3) (В настоящее время) the total number of students is more than 10,000.

4) The students study at five full-time faculties and (заочном факультете).

5) The University trains specialists (в области) Economy, Finance, Management and Public Relations.

6) Our University has (аспирантуру).

7) The academic year (делится на) two terms.

8) There are many (хорошо оборудованных) labs, lecture halls and computer classes.

9) The academic buildings, student hostels, a dining-hall and a sports complex (компактно расположены) on the campus.

1.17. Закончите следующие предложения, используя информацию из текста.

1) In 1961 our University was transferred to Omsk. Omsk is … .

2) In 1997 the Railway Academy acquired … .

3) Every year over 5,000 railway specialists take Refresher course … .

4) At the end of each term … .

5) The first two years of study are good foundation … .

6) Among the University graduates there are … .

7) The academic buildings, student hostels and a canteen are compactly … .

1.18. Расставьте правильно слова.

1) the total number/ at the University/ of students/ at present/ 10,000/ is more than.

2) full-time faculties/ study/ at five/ the students.

3) In the field/ the University/ specialists/ trains/ of Economy, Management, Finance and Public Relations.

4) in September/ begins/ the academic year/ ten months/ and lasts.

5) students/ vacations/ have/ a year/ twice/ in winter/ in summer/ and.

6) studied in/ the subjects/ the first two years/ very important/ are/ for engineers/ future.

7) lectures/ the methods/ practical lessons/ of teaching /are/ laboratory/ course works/ and/ at the University.

8) technical/ a very good/ a computer/ library/ centre/ and/ there is.

1.19. Прочитайте предложения, выбрав в скобках правильный вариант слова.

1) In 1995 our Railway Institute was (organized, reorganized) into the Railway Academy.

2) Today our University (pays, paid) much more attention to the Humanities.

3) The subjects studied in the first two years are very (important, importance) for future engineers.

4) In the third year students begin studying (specializing, specialized) subjects.

5) The student’s progress (is evaluated, evaluated) by means of tests, term works and exams in each course.

6) 67 per cent of the University teachers have (academy, academic) degrees.

7) Among the University graduates (these is, there are) Deputy Ministers of Railway Transport, Heads of railway divisions and prominent (scientists, sciences).

8) The University maintains (close, closely) contacts with the Technical Universities of Austria and Germany.

Do you know that …

Our University is famous for its magnificent (великолепный) building situated in the centre of the city. It was built before the October Revolution (1914 – 1917) by war prisoners.

Above the entrance (вход) of the main building we can see the four figures of beautiful women symbolizing: Track (Путь), Administration (Управление), Motion (Движение) and Traction (Тяга).

For many years the old building housed Omsk Railway Administration. Today the University building has been reconstructed. It is considered to be a monument of architecture.

1.20. Найдите в тексте Our University ответы на следующие вопросы.

1) When and where did the training of locomotive and car engineers begin?

2) What is the number of students there?

3) How many faculties are there at the University?

4) What specialities will our students become engineers in?

5) What other specialities does the University train?

6) Can railway specialists take Refresher course at the University?

7) Are there post-graduate and doctorate studies?

8) Why are the subjects studied in the first two years important for future engineers?

9) When does specialization usually begin?

10) What are the methods of teaching at our University?

11) What means is the student’s progress evaluated by?

12) Does the University possess good training facilities?

13) Are the living conditions of students well enough?

14) What can you say about the international contacts of the University?

1.21. Расскажите о нашем университете, используя задание п. 1.20 в качестве плана.

2. UNIT 2. HIGHER EDUCATION IN THE U. K.

2.1. По названию текста, приведенного в задании 2.2, подумайте, о чем в нем пойдет речь.

2.2. Прочитайте текст. Были ли ваши предположения правильными?

HIGHER EDUCATION IN THE U. K.

There are more than 60 universities in the U.K. The leading universities are Cambridge, Oxford and London. English universities differ from each other in traditions, general organization, internal government, etc. British universities are comparatively small, the approximate number is about 7-8 thousand students. Most universities have under 3000 students, some even less than 1500 ones. London and Oxford universities are international, because people from many parts of the world come to study at one of their colleges. A number of wellknown scientists and writers, among them Newton, Darvin, Byron were educated in Cambridge.

A university consists of a number of faculties and departments: Arts and Humanities, Music, Law, Economy, Education, Mathematics, Physics, Medicine, Engineering, etc.

After three years of study a student may proceed to a Bachelor's degree, and later to the degrees of Master and Doctor. Besides universities there are at present in Britain 300 technical colleges, providing part-time and full-time education.

The organization system of Oxford and Cambridge differs from that of all other universities and colleges. The teachers are usually called Dons. Part of the teaching is by means of lectures organized by the university. Teaching is also carried out by tutorial system. This is the system of individual tuition organized by the colleges. Each student goes to his tutor's room once a week to read and discuss an essay which the student has prepared.

Some students get scholarship but the number of these students is comparatively small. There are many societies and clubs at Cambridge and Oxford. The most celebrating at Cambridge is the Debating Society at which students discuss political and other questions with famous politicians and writers. Sporting activities are also numerous.

The work and games, the traditions and customs, the jokes and debates – all are parts of students' life there.

It should be mentioned that not many children from the working-class families are able to receive the higher education as the fees are very high (more than £ 1000 a year). Besides that special fees are taken for books, for laboratory works, exams and so on.

2.3. Ознакомьтесь с новыми словами и словосочетаниями, запомните их.

Cambridge [ ] ], internal [ ] – внутренний

a Bachelor [ ] – бакалавр

a Bachelor’s degree [ ] – степень бакалавра

a Master’s degree [ ] – степень магистра

a Doctor’s degree [ ] – степень доктора

part time / full [ ] time education – заочное/очное обучение

a Don – преподаватель в Оксфорде

a tutorial system [ ] – система прикрепления студентов к отдельным консультантам (в университетах)