8. Translate the sentences from Russian into English:

1. История высшего образования в России началась в середине 18 века, когда по инициативе М.В. Ломоносова был основан Московский государственный университет.

2. Образование в высших учебных заведениях должно соответствовать всем требованиям современного общества.

3. В нашей области были открыты негосударственные учебные заведения, которые готовят высококвалифицированных специалистов для местного рынка труда.

4. После окончания школы и успешной сдачи ЕГЭ абитуриенты могут поступить в любое высшее учебное заведение страны, но многие остаются учиться в родном городе, так как плата за обучение и расходы на проживание очень велики.

5. Несмотря на то, что конституция РФ гарантирует право каждого получить высшее образование, количество бюджетных (state-subsidized place) мест ограничено, и только самые способные студенты могут учиться бесплатно и даже получать небольшую стипендию.

9. Tell about the system of higher education in the Russian Federation.

10. Make a report about the outstanding scientist, poet and founder of the Moscow State University m.V. Lomonosov. The murmansk state technical university

What university do you study at? Do you know when your Alma Mater¹ was established? And how many faculties are there at the university? And when did it get its present name? So, read the text and find out!

Before reading study the vocabulary!

specialized department	специализированная кафедра
certificate of secondary education	аттестат о среднем образовании
preliminary courses	подготовительные курсы
to brush up knowledge	освежить знания
Navigation faculty	судоводительский факультет
Marine-Engineering faculty	судомеханический факультет
Electro-Engineering faculty	электромеханический факультет
Faculty of Management, Economics and Law	факультет менеджмента, экономики и права
The Faculty of Natural Sciences	естественно-технический факультет
specialized field	специальность
general engineering subjects	общетехнические предметы
Descriptive Geometry	начертательная геометрия
curriculum (pl. curricula)	учебная программа
to be at students' disposal	быть в распоряжении студентов
to develop practical skills	развивать практические навыки
to gain working experience	приобретать опыт работы
to be compulsory	быть обязательным
to keep fit	быть в форме
to be allowed to do smth	разрешать
to fall behind the group	отставать от группы
to carry out research work	проводить исследовательскую работу

The Murmansk Higher Engineering Marine School was founded in 1950 and it was reorganized into the Murmansk State Academy of Fishing Fleet in 1991. In 1996 our educational institution got its present name – the Murmansk State Technical University. There are many faculties at our university. Each faculty has a number of specialized departments and is headed by a dean. Rector is the head of the university. If the applicant wants to enter the university, he must have the Certificate of Secondary Education, pass entrance exams and go through medical examination. University offers preliminary courses, which help to brush up knowledge received at school.

Now more than 4000 students and cadets study at the MSTU including full-time students, part-time students, post-graduate students and correspondence course students. Full-time students study at the Navigation and Marine-Engineering faculties, Polytechnic Faculty, the Faculty of Biology, the Faculty of Technology, the Faculty of Natural Sciences, the Faculty of Economics, the Faculty of Law, etc. Faculties train specialists for mining, heat engineering, biology and ecology, food, fishing, oil and gas industries. Every faculty has its own specialized laboratories, workshops and computer center.

The first- and second-year students study general engineering subjects such as Higher Mathematics, Physics, Chemistry, Geology, Environment Protection and Descriptive Geometry. The curriculum is enriched by humanitarian subjects: History, Philosophy, Sociology, Foreign Languages, etc. Computer Science is also of great importance. Since the third course students begin to concentrate on their major subjects and take special courses in this field. Specialized study and courses help students to become well-qualified specialists and prepare them for their future work.

Our university consists of several buildings, old and new ones. There are various teaching and research laboratories at students' disposal. Laboratory work is an important part in training up-to-date specialists. Experiments in labs and workshops help students to develop practical skills. Students also have a short period of field work to gain working experience. Speaking about cadets, they have their sailing practice aboard the training vessel 'Sedov' and aboard the fishing ships of the Northern Fishing Fleets.

To prepare for the seminars students go to the university library or reading rooms, which have a vast collection of fiction and scientific books. Physical Training is compulsory during the whole course of studies. University sport gyms and simulators provide the opportunity to play different sports and to keep fit.

The academic year is divided into two terms. At the end of each term students take credits and exams. If a student fails to pass a credit, he isn't allowed to take exams and he falls behind the group. If the results of the examinations are good, students get scholarship. Attendance is compulsory. Students may miss their classes if they have valid excuse or special release from the classes. They must explain their absence in a written form or orally. Students have vocations twice a year: they have two weeks off in winter and two months off in summer. After four years of study students can get the Bachelor's Degree. If they continue their education and carry out research work, they can get the diploma and the Master's Degree. After the graduation they can take post-graduate course and study for the Doctor's Degree.

It is interesting but quite difficult to study at the university, especially for the first-year students as they don't know yet how to organize their work and time.