- •Высшее образование в великобритании, россии и сша
- •Оглавление
- •Введение
- •World declaration on higher education
- •World declaration on higher education for the twenty-first century: vision and action
- •2. Express your point of view about missions, functions and problems of higher education in modern world.
- •1. Before you read and translate the following text, study the vocabulary and learn the words by heart. If you are not sure how to pronounce the word correctly, consult the dictionary.
- •2. Give the adequate Russian variants for the following word combinations:
- •3. Find the English equivalents for the following word combinations:
- •Match the words with the definitions and give their Russian equivalents:
- •5. Explain the meaning of the following words and word combinations. Try to do it in your own words using the information from the text.
- •6. Choose the correct translation and explain your choice:
- •7. Open the brackets and complete the sentences.
- •8. Say if the following statements are true (t) or false (f). Use the following phrases:
- •9. Match the question and the answer:
- •11. Here are the answers. Your task is to put questions.
- •12. Make up the plan and retell the text.
- •13. Translate the sentences from Russian into English:
- •Oxbridge
- •5. Complete the following sentences and use them as a plan to retell the text:
- •6. Translate the sentences into English.
- •7. Read the passage about people in education and choose the correct article a/the. Sometimes there is no need to use any article, so cross out both.
- •8. Check your knowledge. Match the definitions with one of the given words:
- •9. What do you know about schools in Great Britain? Read the passage and fill the gaps with an appropriate word from the list. The first letter of each missing word is given to help you.
- •10. Put the following sentences in the correct order to make up a story:
- •Higher education in russia
- •1. Give the adequate Russian variants for the underlined word combinations.
- •2. Give the English equivalents for the following word combinations and learn them by heart:
- •3. Find in the text words, which correspond to the following definitions:
- •4. Explain in English what is meant by:
- •5. Make up the words of different parts of speech. You can use the following suffixes:
- •Match the beginning and the end of the sentences.
- •8. Translate the sentences from Russian into English:
- •9. Tell about the system of higher education in the Russian Federation.
- •10. Make a report about the outstanding scientist, poet and founder of the Moscow State University m.V. Lomonosov. The murmansk state technical university
- •Give the adequate Russian variants for the following word combinations:
- •Find in the text and give the English equivalents for the following word combinations:
- •7. Work in pairs. Answer the following questions:
- •8. Read and translate the dialogue between the students of the university:
- •Higher education in the usa
- •Practise the pronunciation of the following words. Translate them.
- •3. Scan the terms below and memorize them.
- •4. Read the text about the education in The United States of America and put the paragraph titles in the correct place in the text.
- •The world famous universities.
- •5. Translate the words and word combinations into English:
- •6. Find the words in the text which mean:
- •7. Complete the sentences with the words from the box.
- •8. Match the beginning and the end of the sentences.
- •9. Correct the statements.
- •11. Do the translation into English.
- •12. Discuss the following issues:
- •Yale university
- •1. Before reading the text translate the following words and word combinations into Russian using a dictionary:
- •2. Yale University is one of the oldest and best-known universities of the usa. Read the text and find the information about:
- •3. Comment on the quotation of Richard c. Levin naming the main institutional priorities of The Yale University.
- •Write the summary of the text.
- •Would you like to get higher education in one of the American universities? If yes, read this information for International Applicants and fill in the application form. Good luck! (see Appendix)
- •Role play
- •Durability of higher education
- •Appendix список использованной литературы
10. Put the following sentences in the correct order to make up a story:
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Her research is in international law.
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When she was at nursery school, Maria played and had fun.
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After finishing her BA, she took a year off.
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In her infant school she began learning how to read and write.
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She got into grammar school and did well in all subjects.
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When she was at junior school, she loved history.
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She got a place at university to do law.
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She decided to do postgraduate work.
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In the sixth form she passed A-levels to get into university.
Work in pairs. Make up the dialogue – interview with Maria. Give some additional information, e.g.:
You: |
What did you do when you were at nursery school? |
Maria: |
Oh, when I was at nursery school, I played and had fun. We had a very kind teacher, her name was Jennifer …………… |
You: |
Did you have to wear uniform at grammar school? |
Maria: |
…………… |
You: |
Could you choose subjects you studied? |
Maria: |
…………… |
11. Would you like to get higher education in Great Britain? Imagine that you apply for vacancy in one of the British universities. Ask your groupmate, 'a British student', about higher education and students' life in Great Britain.
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Ask about different types of universities.
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Find out the entrance requirements.
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Get the information about the process of education (subjects, methods of teaching).
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Don't fail to ask about tuition fees and living expenses.
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Be sure to ask about degree titles.
Higher education in russia
So, you have got acquainted with the British system of higher education. And what do you know about the system of higher education in Russia? Read the text and learn the information about the present day situation in the system of higher education in our country.
Before reading the text study the following words and word combinations and practise reading them.
distinguished history |
выдающаяся, прославленная история |
transformation |
изменение, преобразование |
to hire staff |
нанимать персонал |
accredited HE institutions |
аккредитованные высшие учебные заведения |
the Ministry of International Affairs |
министерство иностранных дел |
to distinguish |
различать, характеризовать |
natural sciences |
естественные науки |
applied sciences |
прикладные науки |
to acquire status |
приобретать статус |
to be responsible for smth |
быть ответственным за что-то |
local labour market |
местный рынок труда |
free access |
свободный доступ |
to promote |
способствовать, поддерживать |
equity |
справедливость, беспристрастность |
Uniform State Exam |
ЕГЭ (единый государственный экзамен) |
to enroll on a fee-paying basis |
принимать, зачислять на платной основе |
assessment |
оценка, аттестация |
to approve |
утвердить |
compulsory courses |
обязательные курсы |
public defense of a thesis |
публичная защита диссертации |
scientific or applied significance |
научное или практическое значение |
The Russian Federation has had a long and distinguished history of education and science. The system of higher education has changed greatly over the last decade and this transformation process continues today. At present an educational institution can choose how to organize its educational process, select and hire its own staff, organize its own research, financial and economic activity to train up-to-date well-qualified specialists and to meet international standards of education.
Higher education is provided by public and non-state accredited higher education institutions. The majority of state institutes of higher education are regulated by the Ministry of Education of the Russian Federation. Some of them are regulated by other state Ministries, such as the Ministry of Health Care, the Ministry of International Affairs and others. At present, there are three basic kinds of higher education institutions.
Universities offer a wide spectrum of programs on all levels of education: undergraduate, graduate and post-graduate. Universities are leading research centers in fundamental fields that combine learning, teaching and research. There are 'classical' and 'technical' universities, which pay special attention to social sciences and humanities or natural and applied (engineering) sciences. Unofficial ratings also distinguish old 'classical' universities and 'new' universities, former pedagogical or technical institutes that have acquired their university status quite recently. Moscow State University is the oldest Russian university. It was founded on the initiative of M.V. Lomonosov in 1755 on Saint Tatyana's Day. And since that time Students' Day is celebrated on the 25th January.
Academies are higher educational institutions that provide higher education at all levels and conduct research mainly in one branch of science, technology or culture (Academy of Mining, Academy of Arts, etc.). They differ from universities only in that they restrict themselves to a single field.
Institutes are multi-discipline oriented higher educational institutions. They can be independent structural units, or part of a university or academy and usually specialize in one field. However pedagogical institutes are responsible for all spectrum of disciplines taught at schools.
Speaking about Private educational institutions, they offer degrees in non-engineering fields such as business, culture, sociology and religion. Many of the private educational institutions are fairly small and mainly have local importance in their respective region. As a rule they were opened for the professions that were demanded by the local labour market: lawyers, economists and accountants.
The Constitution and the Russian Federation Law on Education guarantee open and free access to higher education on a competitive basis. Applications are accepted from citizens of both sexes who have completed secondary education and passed a competitive entrance examination, which is given by each higher education institution on general subjects. The higher education admissions system presently is undergoing reform. To promote equity of higher education the Uniform State Exam was introduced. Soon all higher educational institutions will use this new system of uniform entrance exams and it will be possible to apply to several higher educational institutions at the same time.
The Law on Education also sets the quota of students, which are financed, from the Federal Budget. Therefore, a certain proportion of top scoring students are awarded free tuition and scholarships from the federal budget to cover their costs. However, the scholarship is very low and only covers minimum expenses. On top of the quotas described above, the universities are free to enroll students on a fee-paying basis and have the right to define the fee for their programme according to the market price and demand.
The academic year lasts ten months from the 1st September to the end of June of the following year. It is divided into two semesters. Almost all courses at the universities and institutes are taught by lectures, tutorials, group learning, project work and partly by computer assisted learning. Students' work during the course is assessed by means of essays, seminar work, reports on practical and project work. Twice a year, at the end of each term, students take final exams.
The government of the Russian Federation has approved three levels of study:
Level I generally takes 2 years of study. This level concentrates on compulsory fundamental courses in the given disciplines. Students holding a Level I qualification may either continue their studies or, if they choose, leave the institution with an intermediate diploma.
Level II takes additional two years leading to a Bachelor's degree. Consequently, this first academic degree entails four years of study.
Level III represents an educational level for the students who receive the Diploma of higher education in special fields after five years of study or the Master's degree after 6 years of study.
After the graduation from the higher educational institutions students can enter the post-graduate course. There are two levels of doctoral scientific degrees: The Candidate of Sciences and The Doctor of Sciences. The Candidate of Sciences is granted after at least a three-year period of guided research and public defense of a thesis. The Doctor of Sciences is the highest academic degree awarded in Russia. The degree requires the completion of a dissertation that includes results of fundamental scientific or applied significance and the content of the dissertation must be based on the original research.