2. Translate the sentences into Russian:

1. Globalisation is the process by which the experience of everyday life is becoming standardized around the world.

2. Globalisation relies on three forces for development: the role of human migration, international trade, and rapid movements of capital and integration of financial markets.

3. Globalisation has become identified with a number of large trends, such as the greater international movement of commodities, money, information, and people; and the development of technology, organizations, legal systems, and infrastructures to allow this movement.

4. The company has abandoned plans for further expansion.

5. Many business groups have been pressing the Federal Reserve to loosen interest rates.

6. We must push for a reduction in the size of our costs.

7. The town relies on the seasonal tourist industry for jobs.

8. Japan was never really sinicized, and what was best in China never became hers.

2. A) Read the text:

TEXT A

Globalisation refers to a process of increasing integration between units around the world, including nation-states, households/individuals corporations and other organizations. It is an umbrella term, covering economic, trade, social, technological, cultural and political aspects, and is the opposite of deglobalisation. Theodore Levitt is usually credited with globalisation's first use in an economic context.

Today, a proactive form of globalisation is emerging, spawning from a drive by international corporations to loosen trade restrictions. It is the global financial firms that have been the most eager proponents of this expansion. A group of advocates from different parts of the world had been pushing for an integrated global society as envisioned in The Globalist Manifesto which is the foundation of globalism ideology.

A number of definitions abound, but all generally note the increasing convergence of markets, economies, and ways of life across the world. A broad overview definition is that globalisation is the worldwide process of homogenizing prices, products, wages, rates of interest and profits. Globalisation relies on three forces for development: the role of human migration, international trade, and rapid movements of capital and integration of financial markets.

The IMF, International Monetary Fund, stresses the growing economic interdependence of countries worldwide through increasing volume and variety of cross-border transactions ... free international capital flows, and more rapid and widespread diffusion of technology.

A less economic-focused definition from the Encyclopedia Britannica states that globalisation is the "process by which the experience of everyday life ... is becoming standardized around the world."

Globalisation has various aspects which affect the world in several different ways:

• industrial globalisation (alias trans nationalization) - rise and expansion of multinational enterprises

• financial globalisation - emergence of worldwide financial markets and better access to external financing for corporate, national and subnational borrowers

• political globalisation - spread of political sphere of interests to the regions and countries outside the neighborhood of political (state and non-state) actors and the potential formation of a global citizens movement

• informational globalisation - increase in information flows between geographically remote locations

• cultural globalisation - growth of cross-cultural contacts

• globalism - connection between cultures, nations, and people, it embodies cultural diffusion, the desire to consume and enjoy foreign products and ideas, adopt new technology and practices, and participate in a "world culture". It is a universal, internationalist impulse that the world is connected.

• globalist - someone who undisputably agrees with the process of globalisation.

Globalisation has become identified with a number of large trends, most of which may have developed or accelerated since World War II. These include the greater international movement of commodities, money, information, and people; and the development of technology, organizations, legal systems, and infrastructures to allow this movement. Some of the trends include the following:

• Greater international cultural exchange

• Spreading of multiculturalism, and better individual access to cultural diversity. However, the imported culture can easily supplant the local culture, causing reduction in diversity through hybridization or even assimilation. The most prominent form of this is Westernization, but Sinicization of cultures also takes place.

• Greater international travel and tourism

• Greater immigration, including illegal immigration

• Spread of local consumer products (e.g., food) to other countries (often adapted to their culture)

• World-wide fads and pop culture such as Pokemon, Sudoku, Numa Numa, Origami, Idol series, YouTube, and MySpace

• World-wide sporting events such as FIFA World Cup and the Olympic Games

• Formation or development of a set of universal values

• Technical/legal

• Development of a global telecommunications infrastructure and greater transborder data flow, using such technologies as the Internet, communication satellites, submarine fiber optic cable, and wireless telephones

• Increase in the number of standards applied globally; e.g. copyright laws, patents and world trade agreements.

• The push by many advocates for an international criminal court and international justice movements.