Lesson 9 laying the track

Грамматика; глагол should; Неличные формы гла­гола. Инфинитивные конструкции.

Пояснения к тексту:

1. the right of way - полоса отвода

2. inch - дюйм

3. ft (foot) - фут

4. vehicle - вагон

5. jib - стрела подъемного крана

Упражнения:

1. Назовите русские эквиваленты следующих слов;

1.general; 2. mile; 3. subballast; 4. gravel; 5. to calculate; 6. operation; 7. wagon; 8. centre; 9.machine; 10. control cab; 11. diesel-electric; 12.horizontal crane; 13. mechanical; 14. modern.

II. Переведите слова и по суффиксу определите, какой частью ре­чи они являются:

1. usually; 2. equipment; 3. foundation; 4. necessary; 5. operation; 6. pre-assembled; 7. electric; 8. horizontal; 9. cleaner; 10. mechanical.

III. Разбейте текст на 2 части, озаглавьте каждую из них:

IV. Найдите в тексте предложения, котoрые отвечают на следующие вопросы:

1. Как и где прокладывается полотно дороги?

2. Какая техника используется при этом?

TEXT

Railway facilities are usually divided into two general - groups: road and equipment. The right of way is sometimes from five to ten miles wide. The roadbed is usually laid out on the right of way. The roadbed may have a foundation of earth or subballast on which the ballast itself is laid.

Consisting of gravel, stone, clay, sand or similar material, ballast should not be less than 24 inches deep. First, it is necessary to determine the number of tracks, then to calculate the width of ballast. The roadbed is prepared for laying ballast. The speeding up of track-laying operations is the result of the using of pre-assembled 60ft lengths of track complete with rails, sleepers and fastenings. In operation the track-laying machine picks up a length of new track from a loaded wagon, then moves forward and places it on the road. This machine comprises three close-coupled vehicles, the centre unit car­rying the control cab and dies - electric power plant. The end vehicles each have a horizontal crane jib. Ballast clea­ners are known to be other mechanical aids to modern track laying.

V. Образуйте при помощи суффиксов:

-al - прилагательное; -ment - существительное; -av - наречие;

1. mechanic 2. to equip 3. usual

VI. Найдите синонимы cследующих слов:

1. to divide; 2. similar; 3. to determine; 4.to prepare; 5. to comprise; 6. operation

VII. Найдите антонимы cследующих слов:

1. usually; 2.deep; 3. to load; 4. to lay; 5. modern; 6. similar

VIII. Ответьте на вопpосы по содержанию текста:

1) What are railway facilities divided into?

2) Where is the roadbed usually laid out?

3) What does the ballast consist of?

4) What helps to speed up track laying operations?

Lesson 10

Грамматика: Функции местоимения that. Времена группы Perfect в страдательном залоге.

Пояснения к тексту:

1. etc. - и т.д.

2. by means of - посредством

Упражнения:

I. Назовите русские эквиваленты следующих слов:

1. turbine; 2. special; 3. automic control; 4. method; 5. generator; 6.electricity; 7. electron;

8. electrode; 9. automic chemical; 10. solar; 11. electrical

II. Переведите слова; по суффиксу определите, какой частью речи они являются

а) существительное; б) прилагательное; в) наречие:

1. similar; 2.substantial; 3. special; 4.capacity; 5.installation; 6.valuable; 7. lately; 8. pressure; 9.electric; 10. conversation.

III. Разберите текст на 2 части и озаглавьте каждую из них.

IV. Найдите в тексте предложения, которые отвечают, на следую­щие вопросы:

1. Какие преимущества у газовой турбины перед другими видами турбин?

2. Какой новый способ получения электроэнергии был предложен?

TEXT

In many respects the gas turbine is quite similar to the modern steam turbine. But they have a number of substantial advantages over steam ones: they take up less place, do not require a special water supply, easily operated by automic control etc. The greatest gas turbine capacity so far is about 30,000 kW. The cost of a gas turbine installation is two-third that of a steam turbine plant, the power generated costing 20 per cent less.

Many valuable ideas have appeared lately. A new method of generating electric power has been developed. There are no turbines or generators in the installation they have designed. The electricity is produced by means of ordinary gas. The gas, when heated in special chambers to a temperature of up to 3000°C and then accelerated under pressure to a speed above that of a sound, begins to emit electrons. Special electrodes collect and send them into the electric network. The new installation although much smaller than an ordinary turbine, produced several times more electric power. It means that ways will be found for the direct conversion of atomic, chemical and solar energy into electrical power.

V. Образуйте при помощи суффиксов:

1. –ly - наречие

2. – tion - существительное

3. - al - прилагательное

1. easy; 2. to install; 3. electric

VI. Найдите синонимы следующих слов:

1. similar; 2. a number of ... ; 3. to appear; 4. small; 5. way

VII. Найдите антонимы следующих слов;

1. similar; 2. advantage; 3. to appear; 4. to heat; 5. to be­gin; 6. small

VIII. Ответьте на вопросы по тексту:

1. Is the gas turbine similar to the steam one?

2. What advantages do they have?

3. What method of generating electric power has been developed?

4. Where is the gas heated?

5. What collects electrons?

6. How much energy does the new installation produce?