Lesson 7 electrification of railways

Грамматика: глагол : "to be". Независимый причастный оборот.

Пояснения к тексту:

in terms of - с точки зрения

to make use of - использовать

regenerative braking systems - устройства рекуперативного торможения.

brushless and induction motors - вентильные и асинхронные дви­гатели.

Упражнения:

I. Расположите слова в алфавитном порядке, переведите их на русский язык:

1. scientific, share, secure, some, scale, supply, Soviet, system; standard;

2. traffic, technical, transport, traction, transfer, type, twelve, transportation;

3. progress, priority, passenger, plan, power;

II. Назовите исходную (словарную) форму слов:

increasing, secures, greater, electrified, unprecedented, amounted, transferred, broader, outfitted, brushless.

Ш. Прочтите и переведите интернациональные слова:

technical, progress, transport, priority, electrification, electric, transportation, kilometer, passenger, intensive, plan, economical, system, fleet, type, diesel, locomotive, standard, design.

IV. Переведите на русский язык словосочетания:

liquid fuel, world scale, passenger junctions, power supply system, traction vehicles, freight locomotives, design efforts.

V. Прочтите группы слов, определите, какой частью речи явля­ются- слова, переведите их:

1. electric, electricity, electrify, electrified, electrifica­tion;

2. develop, development; developed, developing;

3. mile, mileage;

4. economy, economic, economical.

VI. Найдите прилагательные в степенях сравнения, назовите степень, пере ведите их:

great, considerable, most developed, greater, broad, more economical, intensive, modern, most powerful, broader, largest, various, more intensive.

TEXT

Scientific and technical progress in railway transport will continue to give priority to the electrification of main lines and to increasing the share of electric traction in trans­portation. This secures greater operational reliability and a considerable annual saving of liquid fuel.

Russia has developed a vast network of electrified railways, some of which being unprecedented on the world scale in terms of mileage and carrying capacity. As of January 1, 1989 there were about 52,000 kilometers of electrified lines in the country, and the share of electric trac­tion amounted to 61%. All major railway junctions with in­tensive passenger traffic have been transferred to electric traction. A plan is to make a broader use of a more economi­cal 2x25 kV power supply system.

Russian fleet of traction vehicles consists of various types of powerful modern electric and diesel locomotives. Russian railways run D.O., A.C. and A.C./D.C. locomotives. Stan­dard on B.C. electrified lines are eight-axle 5200 kV/ ВЛ 10^y freight locomotives outfitted with regenerative braking systems.

Considerable scientific and design efforts are being mad to develop new electric locomotives propelled by brushless and induction motors, such as a D.C. 7040 kW electric locomotive, a twelve-axle D.C. 9000 kW locomotive and an A.C. 10000 kW locomotive.

VII. Найдите в тексте слова (термины), эквиваленты которых даны на русском языке.

отдавать приоритет, магистраль, электрическая тяга, экономия, жидкое топливо, электрифицированные железные дороги, беспре­цедентный, километраж, пропускная способность, узловая стан­ция, система энергоснабжения, электровоз, тепловоз, восьмиосный, оснащать, творческие усилия, двенадцатиосный, тяговые средства.

VIII.Переведите предложения, обращая внимание на многозначность выделенных слов:

1. The students used computers in their calculation work.

2. He used to work in the library in the evening.

3. The use of automatic control changes the nature of man's labour.

4. All the trains now have automatic brakes.

5. During the brake you may go to the canteen.

IX. Укажите временную форму и залог данных ниже глаголов; переведите их:

will continue, secures, has developed, amounted, have been translated, is, consists of, run, are being made.

X. Переведите предложения, учитывая разные функции глагола "to be":

1. They will be specialists in some years.

2. Our students are to go to Leningrad for a conference next week.

3. They are discussing an interesting problem now.

4. Much is to be done.

5. The construction of a new bridge will be completed in time.

XI. Переведите предложения, содержащие независимый причастный оборот:

1. The work of Polzunov remaining unknown for more than a cen­tury, people believed that the inventor of the first steam engine was Games Watt.

2. The magazine contained a number of interesting articles, one of them being about the electrification of railways.

3. The experiment having been made, everybody was interested in the results.

4. The motor being broken, the machine did not work.

5. Russian railways have various diesel and electric locomotives, the latter working on d.c., a.c. and a.c./d.c.

ХП. Вставьте пропущенные предлоги:

l. Many important lines were transferred ... electric traction.

2. The car fleet consists _:.... different types …railway cars.

3. The laboratories ... our Institute are equipped ... modern devices.

4. We shall continue to give priority ... the electrification ... railways.

ХШ. Сгруппируйте в пары слова-синонимы и переведите их:

to continue, traction, to increase, broad, to go on, to outfit, different, to raise, haulage, length, type, to equip;

various, modern, kind, main, wide, up-to-date, major, mileage.

XIV. Найдите в тексте слова, являющиеся антонимами к следующим словам;

decrease, old

XV. Ответьте на вопросы к тексту:

1. What will scientific and technological progress in railway transport continue to give priority to?

2. What can you say about the mileage and carrying capacity of Russian Railways?

3. What is the share of electric traction?

4. What locomotives are standard on D.C. electrified lines?