4. Робота над текстом за професійним спрямуванням:

Somebody you should know. Barbara McClintock

Barbara McClintock was born in 1902, two years after the science of genetics began. Throughout her life she did much to make this new science grow. To help explain how people pass traits to their children, Barbara studied how corn plants pass traits, Corn has ten chromosomes these carry genes that decide the corn's traits. As a college student in the1920's, Barbara found ways to identify each corn find out which genes were on each one

Later, she grew special corn that had waxy, purple kernels. The two traits were carried by the ninth chromosome. She crossed this corn with a kind that had a different ninth chromosome. Some of the baby corn had kernels that were purple but not waxy, and some had kernels that were waxy but not purple. In addition, she found that their ninth chromosome had a new shape! The experiment helped prove that chromosomes trade parts to mix traits in new ways. This discovery was hailed as a cornerstone of genetics.

Barbara later studied what happens when; chromosomes are broken by X rays. She found that the damage done to chromosomes is sometimes controlled by other genes She also discovered that these genes can jump to other chromosomes and turn them on and off. At first, her idea about jumping genes was too new for most scientists. They ignored it until the 1960's, when other scientists using different techniques proved her observations to be right,

Barbara received the 1983 Nobel Prize for medicine and physiology for discovering the mobility of genes. She went on researching genetics until her death in 1992.

Література:

1. Барановська Т.В. Граматика англійської мови. Збірник вправ: Навч. посібник. Видання друге, виправлене та доповнене – Мова англ., укр. – Київ: ТОВ “ВП Логос-М», 2007. – 384с.

2. Л.В. Мисик, А.Л. Арцишевська, Л.Р. Кузнєцова, Л.Л. Поплавська. Англійська мова. Комунікативний аспект. / За ред. доц. Мисик Л.В. – Підручник. – К.: Атіка, 2000. – 368с.

Модуль самостійної роботи:

1. Прислівник.

2. Скласти діалоги з теми «Здійснення формальностей під час подорожі».

3. Статті суспільно-політичного характеру для анотування.

4. Презентація рекламного туристичного проспекта.

Прислівник

Питання для самоконтролю:

1. Дайте визначення прислівника.

2. Назвіть п’ять основних груп прислівників в англійській мові, наведіть приклади.

3. Які найбільш поширені суфікси для утворення прислівників?

4. Які ступені порівняння прислівників існують в англійській мові? Дайте їм характеристику

5. Особливі випадки утворення ступенів порівняння прислівників.

Вправа 1. Заповніть пусті місця словами з правого стовпчика:

1. Mind, it is ... confidential. 2. He'll have to limit his expenses.... 3. It changes ..., like night and day. 4. We'll contact you ... . 5. They never took me ... . 6. This morning they quarrelled ... . 7. In the grate a log fire burned ... . 8. This chap plays the piano so ... . 9. He expresses his ideas ... . 10. They didn't think twice and came 11. I go to the theatre .... 12. Her mind on her son, she cooked ... 13. They considered the contract ... . 14. I ... get up at 8 o'clock. 15. "Can we come in?" she asked ... . 16. Always try to breathe ... .

a. brightly b. well c. hopefully d. badly e. briefly f. automatically g. occasionally h. regularly i. directly j. seriously k. clearly l. immediately m.severely n. normally o. strictly p. deeply

|колони|Вправа 2. Утворіть|дайте| ступені|міри| порівняння наступних прислівників|такого|:

Badly, briefly, carefully, clearly, distinctly, early, effectively, efficiently, far, fast, frankly, frequently, hard, heartily, honestly, late, little, much, often, patiently, soon, well, willingly.

Вправа 3. Розкрийте дужки, утворюючи правильний ступінь порівняння прислівника:

1. Statistics say that women drive (carefully) than men, 2. Please talk a bit (quietly) and (little) aggressively. 3. There's nothing (annoying) than losing your door key, 4. Tom prefers to be alone. He is (sociable) person in the office. 5. This time he tried (hard) than last time. 6. A big car can be parked (easily) than a small one. 7. We walked (far) than we had planned. 8. Today David acted (generously) than ever before. 9. The final exam was (little) difficult of all. 10. This month Caroline worked (badly) of all, though actually she works (well) of all the pupils of her class. 11. You don't remember some details, You should study the papers (closely). 12. They can get here at 7 o'clock at (early). It's a long way from here. 13. Changes will become necessary by the autumn, at (late). 14. Really, Alex, you could work (efficiently)!

Вправа 4. Перекладіть:

1. Вони щасливо прожили разом багато років|сповна|. 2. Кажуть, ти дуже добре виступив|вирушав| вчора|учора|, вітаю! 3. Інспектор негайно вжив необхідних заходів. 4. Посидите тут тихенько, діти, поки|доки| не прийде ваша мама. 5. Моєму другу подобаються тільки|лише| швидкі ма|шини. 6. Люди, які дуже швидко їздять, рано чи пізно потрапляють в аварії. 7. Вчора|учора| до нас абсолютно|цілком| несподівано приїхали гості. 8. Ти даремно витрачаєш свій час. 9. Я практично ніколи не лягаю спати до 11 годин. 10. Я повністю|цілком| з|із| вами згоден.

Вправа 5. Розкрийте дужки і оберіть правильний варіант:

1. The chances are ... . This is a ... complex law. (high, highly) 2. He was a tall man with ... shoulders. The child yawned ... . (wide, widely) 3. We have a very ... opinion of you. The review is ... critical, (high, highly) 4. Her books sell ... . The gap between the poor and the rich is, very ... . (wide, widely) 5. They are ... educated people This is ... fashion, (high, highly) 6. She opened her еуеs ... and stared. These books are ... known, (wide, widely) 7. The students spoke ... of the teacher. He lives to very ... standards, (high, highly) 8. She loved her husband ... . They dug ... down into the earth, (deep, deeply) 9. They are ... religious people. The river was three meters ... . (deep, deeply) 10. We had a ... talk. They stopped ... . Ho told me ... what to do next, (short, shortly) 11. The Marathon runner was breathing ... . We ... know each other, (hard, hardly) 12. The sun was ... above the trees. Her dress was cut ... in front, (low, lowly).

Література:

1. Верба Л.Г., Верба Г.В Граматика сучасної англійської мови. Посібник. – логос, 1997.- 341 с.

2. Грамматика английского языка: пособие. Ч. 1. Морфология / Под ред. Б.А. Ильиша. - 6-е изд. –, К. : Б.в., 1997. - 214 с.

3. Практический курс английского языка. 2 курс: учебник / Под ред. В.Д. Аракина. - 5-е изд. перераб. и доп. - М. : ВЛАДОС, 1998. - 520 с.

4. Голицынский Ю.Б. Грамматика: Сборник упражнений. – 3-е изд. - СПб.: Каро, 2001. – 512 с.

5. Гордон Е.М., Крылова И.П. Грамматика современного английского языка: Учебник для институтов и факультетов иностранных языков. – 2-е изд., испр. и доп. – М.: Высшая школа, 1980. – 335 с.