2. Робота над текстом за професійним спрямуванням: biochemistry

The chemistry of life, or "biochemistry" as chemists call it, is an area in which the classical fields of chemistry and biology meet. It can be called, molecular biology. Biochem­istry is known to be the study of the structures and reactions of the thousands of compounds involved, in life process. It is considered to be the most complex area of chemistry.

Living things are supposed to represent the most efficient, sophisticated, compact chemical "factories" ever known. How, for example, do cells of the body know when to divide and multiply into new cells having the same characteristics as the original cells? When the body is afflicted by disease or by a wound how does the body protect itself and repair the damage? We know these processes to involve thousands of different chemical compounds.

When we compare the nervous system to man — made electronic computers the efficiency and complexity of the biological systems become even more impressive. Despite great advances in computer technology, the greatest comput­er ever built is almost insignificant being compared to a hu­man brain weighing little more than a kilogram. A computer can perform mathematical operations million of times faster than a person, but think of some of the things the nervous system can do. For example, it can cause your arm to reach out and touch an object. The brain can translate signals from the retina of the eyes into three dimensional colour images. It can translate a series of frequences detected by the ear into thoughts whereas a computer can only perform operations being programmed by a person. As to t he storage capacity the brain really wins out. f he largest computers have storage ca­pacity of about one million "words" but some experts believe the brain, to store up all the signals it receives. The chemical processes of our bodies involve enormous- ly complex sequences of reactions details of these processes being for from complete understanding. Nevertheless great progress has been made in our understanding of the processes that occur in the body.

The first half of this century might be termed the Golden Age of Physics because so many discoveries in understanding the structure of molecules, atoms and nuclei were made. By the same virtue we may be in the midst of a Golden Age in Biochemistry. The next few years of research may bring much increased understanding of chemical processes in cells.

Notes

1. sophisticated — усложненный

2. cell — клетка

3. to affect — страдать

4. retina — сетчатка

5. storage capacity — объем памяти

4. Виконання граматичних вправ. Present, Past and Future Perfect.

Read and translate into Ukrainian, explaining the rules about Perfect

Examples: You will have perfected your English by the time you come back from the U.S.

Will you have perfected your English by the time you come back from the U.S.?

You will not have perfected your English by the time you come back from the U.S.

Ex 1. Fill in the verbs in brackets in the Future Perfect.

Example: He ______________ the suitcase by tomorrow. (to pack)

Answer: He will have packed the suitcase by tomorrow.

1) Anne________ her bike next week. (to repair)

2) We_____________ the washing by 8 o'clock. (to do)

3) She_____________ Paris by the end of next year. (to visit)

4) I_______________ this by 6 o'clock. (to finish)

5) Sam_____________ by next week. (to leave)

6) She______________ this with her mother tonight. (to discuss)

7) The police_______________ the driver. (to arrest)

8) They_____________ their essay by tomorrow. (to write)

9) Paolo______________ the teams. (to manage)

10) If we can do that - then we___________ our mission. (to fulfill)

Ex 2. Fill in the right form.

1 By 2005 we _________ (live) in London for 14 years.

2 He __________ (write) a book by the end of the week.

3 He ____________ (write) this book for 3 months by the end of this week.

4 __________(finish, you) this project by the next week?

5 We __________ (married, be) a year on June 25th.

6 If it doesn't come tomorrow, I ___________ (be) without the projector for a month.

7 ____________ (be, she) pregnant for 5 month this week?

Література:

. Мансі Є.О. Підручник з англійської мови для студентів і аспірантів немовних факультетів та студентів мовних факультетів,які вивчають англійську як другу іноземну мову у вищих навчальних закладах. – К.: Арій, 2008. – 344с.

Практичне заняття № 4

Тема: Покупки. Товари продовольчі та промислові.

План роботи

Shopping

There are some things we have to do every day. Shopping is one of them. Shopping is a part of our daily life. Some people hate it and find it boring. Others consider it very exciting and believe it’s a kind of entertainment. As for me, I'm not a great fan of shopping I understand that I have to deal with it whether I like it or not. When I need something in the way of clothes I go to the department store. There I can buy shoes, hats, knitted goods, household goods and so on. When I want to buy clothes I go to the Ready-Made Clothes departments. Boots and shoes are sold at the Shoe department or the Foot- wear department. To buy socks and stockings we go to the Hosiery department. We can buy buttons, ribbons, lace, tape, thread, needles, pins, handkerchiefs, zippers and such like at the Haberdashery department. To buy cardigans, jumpers, pullovers and knitted underwear we go to the Knitted Goods department. Ladies buy face powder, lipstick, face cream, nail varnish, mascara, shades and such like at the Perfume department. People buy jewellery and gold watches at the jeweler’s. Books are sold at the bookseller's, flowers at the florist's. Newspapers and magazines are often sold at the news-stands or news stalls. If I want to buy some meat I go to the butcher's. At the grocer's flour, sugar, cereals, tea, coffee and other things can be bought. To buy some vegetables and fruit I go to the greengrocer's. Bread, buns, biscuits, cookies are sold at the baker's. If I want to buy some fish I go to the fishmonger's. To buy milk, butter, cheese, eggs we go to the dairy. I prefer to buy food in a supermarket. It is very convenient. I can take a trolley and pile everything I need there.