- •Text 1 What is law?
- •Vocabulary
- •1. Read text 1 and choose (a), (b) or (c) to answer the questions or complete the statements.
- •2. Read the text again. For each statement 1 to 8 below choose a) right, b) wrong or c) doesn’t say. Correct the false statements.
- •3. Which of the nouns below are uncountable (u)? Write the plural forms of the countable (c) nouns.
- •4. Translate the phrases below into Russian. Take notice of the possessive case.
- •5. Complete the sentences with am/’m not, is/isn’t, or are/aren’t.
- •6. Transform each of the following sentences into a) negative sentence, b) yes/no-question, c) or-question, d) tag-question, e) wh-question and f) subject-question.
- •7. Complete the sentences with is/isn’t, or are/aren’t.
- •8. Transform the following sentences into a) negative sentences, b) yes/no-questions, c) or-questions, d) tag-questions and e) wh-questions.
- •Text 2 Types of Law
- •Vocabulary
- •10. Read text 2 and choose (a), (b) or (c) to answer the questions or complete the statements.
- •11. Match the types of law (from 1 to 7) to the situations (from a to g).
- •12. Make the sentences negative. Use the words in brackets.
- •13. Complete the sentences with the correct verb forms.
- •14. Transform the following sentences into a) yes/no-questions, b) or-questions, c) tag-questions, d) wh-questions and e) subject-questions.
- •16. Translate the phrases into Russian. Take notice of the Participle I and Participle II.
- •17. Complete the sentences with Participle I or Participle II of the verbs.
- •Vocabulary Practice
- •18. Match the legal terms with their definitions.
- •19. Match the verbs 1 to 10 to the nouns that they go with. Make up 5 sentences with any of the collocations.
- •20. Give synonyms. Make up 7 sentences with any of them.
- •21. Give antonyms. Make up 5 sentences with any of them.
- •23. Choose a, b, c or d to complete the sentences.
- •24. Look again at Texts 1 and 2 and answer the questions.
- •25. Translate into English.
- •26. Speak on one of the following topics. Use the words and phrases provided below each topic.
- •1 The need for law.
- •2 Law, legal principles and legal systems.
- •3 Types of law.
- •27. Discuss in groups.
12. Make the sentences negative. Use the words in brackets.
Model: Laws regulate behaviour between people. (animals)
Laws do not (don’t) regulate behaviour between animals.
1. Police enforce the criminal law. (constitutional) 2. International law regulates affairs between sovereign states. (buyers and sellers). 3. Criminal law often comes from moral codes. (civil law). 4. In a primitive society people need rules about their everyday life and work. (environment protection) 5. The rule of law prevents dictatorship. (crime). 6. Legal principles often reflect moral standards. (minor details) 7. The courts punish criminal and civil offenders. (lawyers). 8. Theft is dishonest taking another person’s property. (killing another person intentionally) 9. Primitive societies have few formal rules. (many) 10. Constitutional law sets out all levels of a country’s government. (types of criminal behaviour). 11. A constitution is the basic law of a country. (a criminal code). 12. Torts are civil offences. (criminal)
13. Complete the sentences with the correct verb forms.
1. In a democracy, elected people’s representatives (pass) laws. 2. A criminal (be) a person who (not/observe) the laws. 3. Contract law (regulate) everything from buying a bus ticket to complex business deals. 4. The US Congress (have) two houses – the Senate and the House of Representatives. 5. Torts (not/be) crimes, they (be) civil offences. 6. A legislature (be) the group of people in a country or part of a country who (have) the power to make and change laws. 7. The British monarch (not/have) more power than the Prime Minister. 8. The United States government (comprise) three levels: federal, state and local. 9. India (have) the longest written constitution. There (be) 444 articles in it. 10. Property law (not/govern) international relations. 11. One’s actions (be) illegal if they (break) a law. 12. Laws in primitive societies (not/be) systematized. 13. There (be) several sources of law in our legal system: constitutional laws, statutes, presidential decrees, judicial practice, international law and others. 14. Great Britain (not/have) a codified constitution. 15. Courts (settle) disputes between citizens and (punish) people who (break) the law. 16. The law (prohibit) murder.
14. Transform the following sentences into a) yes/no-questions, b) or-questions, c) tag-questions, d) wh-questions and e) subject-questions.
Model: Laws regulate behaviour between people.
a) Do laws regulate behaviour between people?
b) Do laws regulate behaviour between people or between animals?
c) Laws regulate behaviour between people, don’t they?
d) What do laws regulate?
e) What regulates behaviour between people?
1. Most countries have a codified constitution. 2. Criminal law often reflects moral rules. 3. The House of Representatives has 435 members. 4. Laws affect everyday life and society in a variety of ways. 5.The Parliament passes laws. 6. Individuals settle disputes in a court. 7.Mr Blake’s actions are illegal. 8.The Central Criminal Court is in London.
15. Ask wh-questions to the underlined parts of the sentences.
1. The government’s decision infringes some human rights. 2. Courts punish offenders. 3. Schools usually have rules about pupils’ work and discipline. 4. The Bill of Rights comprises the first ten amendments to the US Constitution. 5. Our boss sometimes breaks the rules. 6. The district court sits five days a week. 7. There are three levels of government in the United States. 8. The Senate has 100 senators from the states. 9. The penalties for such crimes are rather light. 10. The Council of the European Union is in Brussels. 11. There are twenty-three proninces in Argentina. 12. Constitutional laws set out the organization of government. 13. Murder and rape are violent crimes. 14. Law is an inevitable part of any social system. 15. Contract law regulates deals between individuals and business firms. 16. The Criminal Procedure Code is very complex and detailed.