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Package holidays: Good or Bad?

__ A However, there are disadvantages to going on a package holiday.

__ В То start with, package holidays are cheaper than travelling on your own, as the price includes the air fare and hotel accommodation.

__ С Another negative aspect is that as you have paid for your accom­modation in advance, you often feel obliged to stay in that place rather than move around and explore.

__ D Furthermore, the brochures from which most people select а package holiday usually give you a good idea of what the resort offers, therefore reducing the chances of disappointment.

__ E Package holidays have several advantages.

__ F In the first place, as package holidays are less expensive, the hotel is unlikely to be top-class.

__ G Last but not least, when visiting a new place it is often much easier to have all the details arranged in advance as it can be rather con­fusing to plan everything by yourself.

__ H Also package holiday destinations are usually popular tourist resorts, thus there is little opportunity to experience the true culture of the country you are visiting.

(Successful Writing. Upper-Intermediate. St’s book. p.70)

  1. Complete the following sentences without changing the meaning of the sentence before.

1 It is widely maintained that recycling some products reduces the amount of damage we do to the environment.

Most people advocate …………………….

2 Some people still oppose the view that mothers can be career women too.

Some people feel …………………….

3 One argument against nuclear testing is that it has long-lasting effects on surrounding areas.

Sceptics point out that …………………….

4 It is generally held that harsher punishments for criminals would result in a decrease in the crime rate.

Many people support …………………….

5 Critics often argue that the use of computers is reducing levels of lit­eracy.

A further common …………………….

(Successful Writing. Proficiency. St’s book. p.62)

  1. Read the items below and say whether the second sentence pre­sents an additional or contrasting point. Then, join the sentences using linking phrases.

  1. Alternative medicines treat the symptoms of a disease. Conventional medicines treat the underlying cause of a disorder.

  2. Alternative medicines make use of natural products rather than drugs. Alternative medicines are not tested on animals.

  3. Conventional doctors have recognis­able and respected qualifications. Conventional treatments are widely available to everyone.

  4. People trust conventional treatments because they are tested scientifically. People are often suspicious of alter­native methods which sometimes rely on a "trial and error" technique.

  5. Alternative treatments cause few or no side-effects. Conventional treatments can cause severe side-effects.

(Successful Writing. Proficiency. St’s book. p.63)

20. Read the conclusions below and say whether they express a balanced consideration or the writer’s opinion directly/ indirectly.

1 To conclude, although it must be said that a sense of responsibility is one of the most important qualities which can be instilled in young people, it should not be forgotten that there are other, equally important qualities.

2 For the above-mentioned reasons, therefore, I firmly believe that if people are taught a keen sense of responsibility towards themselves and others, then they will have the best possible start in life. The way I see it, taking full responsibility for one’s own actions is central to leading an honest life.

3 To sum up, it would seem that, once young people know how to take responsibility for their actions, they are better equipped to learn about life. While there are other important qualities, a highly-developed sense of responsibility provides the ideal foundation for personal development.

4 On balance, it seems that a sense of responsibility has a role to play in a young person’s development. Nevertheless, when placed alongside other human qualities, such as honesty and integrity, it is by no means the most useful.

5 In conclusion, getting married has, to my mind, more advantages than disadvantages. After all, what can be more fulfilling than a steady relationship with the person you love that lasts for the rest of your life?

6 To conclude, by looking after animals and helping them to breed zoos play an important part in protecting many species from becom­ing extinct. Therefore, the negative aspects of keeping animals in cap­tivity are balanced out by the posi­tive ones.

7 All in all, computers have both advantages and disadvantages. They may have replaced humans in many jobs, but they have also made our lives considerably easier, and it is now difficult to imagine life without them.

8 On the whole, while most people go on holiday to rest, this is one thing you are unlikely to do on an adven­ture holiday. In my opinion, this dis­advantage outweighs all the advan­tages associated with this kind of holiday.

9 Taking everything into account, there are both advantages and dis­advantages of keeping pets. In the end, it is up to the individual to decide whether the pleasure associ­ated with owning a pet is worth the work that goes with it.

(Successful Writing. Upper-Intermediate. St’s book. p.65)

(Successful Writing. Proficiency. St’s book. p.65)

21. Read the statement below and answer the questions in pairs.

«The fashion industry is nothing more than a big money-making business which profits by exploiting underpaid workers and the general public’s vanity and insecurity».

a) Do you agree/ disagree with the statement?

b) Are you concerned about the ethical values of a company when you buy its clothes?

c) Is vanity and insecurity an accurate description for those who follow fashion?

  • Divide into two groups: one for and one against the statement. Brainstorm arguments which support your position.

  • Read the texts below and see if you can add any more arguments to your own ideas

  • Hold a debate arguing for and against the fashion industry. Which group had the strongest arguments?

For

I agree. Every year there are different designs, different colours, and different rules as to what is in fashion and what isn't. Anyone not following those rules is looked down upon by his or her contemporaries and laughed at. Is it really that important what you wear? Of course not. How superficial can society become? Surely there are more important or useful things to do than walk up and down the High Street in pursuit of the latest items. Every year, millions of garments are discarded because they are the wrong colour or shape; what a waste. Think of all the millions of people who have no more than the clothes they have on. And what about the world's resources? I would have thought it's high time we started thinking about conserving resources rather than wasting them. And that's not to mention the money that people spend. Buying things they don't need, spending more money on a particular kind of jeans or trainers because they are the most fashionable. Do we all really have so much money to waste? And what about all those people who wear the latest designs, regardless of how preposterous they look and without considering whether a particular style or colour suits them? It's as silly as wearing uncomfortable shoes or thin materials in winter 'just to look fashionable'. And how much attention do designers really pay to considerations such as warmth, comfort and durability? It's almost dictatorial. Apart from anything else, just what does the fashion industry contribute to today's society? The only thing as far as I can see, is millions of underpaid workers in developing countries.

Against

I disagree. The fashion industry is what brings colour, beauty and variety into our everyday lives, which would otherwise be pretty dull and drab. Imagine how boring the world would be if we all dressed the same. It's an opportunity for individual expression, which is something fundamental to our existence. In some cases, it can almost be seen as an art form and in today's society, with so many people working so hard with such high levels of stress, we all need some sort of artistic relief and expression. Nobody is forcing anyone to buy fashionable clothes, or to wear things that don't suit them, or to change outfits every season. Everyone has a choice and it is up to the individual to respond in the way they want to. People follow fashion because it pleases them, because it makes them feel good about themselves, and a little self-esteem is surely not a bad thing. What's wrong with spending the day walking up and down the High Street? It's got to be better than sitting in front of a TV screen or playing video games. Apart from anything else, how much does the fashion industry contribute to the national (and international) economy? It's a huge import-export business and provides millions of jobs for all sorts of people – sheep farmers, designers, textile factories, shops ...and then there is the industrial research that has led to new materials such as lycra and tensile. The fashion industry has democratized style and given everyone the chance to wear well-designed and beautiful clothes – it's not just about the weird and wonderful creations that appear on the catwalk, it's about normal everyday clothes that everyone can feel comfortable in regardless of their age, size or looks.

(Cutting Edge. Advanced. T’s book. p.149)

22. Look at this composition question, and a student's answer below. Correct the grammatical and spelling mistakes if the student has made any, put a line (/) where you think each paragraph should end. You should end up with four paragraphs. What techniques would you use to make the introduction more interesting for the reader? Write one or two introductions of your own.

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