- •Т.Д.Максимова
- •Old english period seminar 1
- •Seminar 2
- •Seminar 3
- •Seminar 4
- •Seminar 5
- •1. The Indian languages 5. The Romance languages 8. The Greek language
- •2. The Iranic languages 6. The Celtic languages 9. The Armenian language
- •4. The Baltic languages
- •The First Consonant Shift (Grimm’s Law) – 2 bc
- •Verner’s Law
- •The Second Consonant Shift
- •Periods in the History of English
- •Oe Phonetic Structure
- •Consonants
- •Quantitative
- •In open syllables
- •1) ⋎ Two consonants
- •2) In three-syllable words
- •Oe Nouns Strong Declension
- •Root declension
- •Personal Pronouns in oe
- •Demonstrative pronouns in oe
- •Adjectives in oe
- •The verb System in Old English
- •Old English Verb Categories
- •Morphological classification of the verb
- •Conjugation (strong verb class 1 Inf. Wrītan)
- •Verbs in oe
- •Preterite-Present verbs
- •Suppletive verbs bēon, wesan; ʒān
- •Anomalous verbs willan, dōn
- •Syntax in Old English
- •656043 Алтайский край, г. Барнаул, ул. Б. Олонская, 28.
- •Т.Д.Максимова
Root declension
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masc. |
fem. & n |
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masc. |
fem. |
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sing. |
pl. |
sing. |
pl. |
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sing. |
pl. |
sing. |
pl. |
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– |
as |
– |
u |
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man |
men |
mūs |
mӯs |
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es |
a |
es |
a |
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mannes |
manna |
mūse |
mūsa |
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e |
um |
e |
um |
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men |
mannum |
mӯs |
mūsum |
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– |
as |
– |
u |
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mann |
men |
mūs |
mӯs |
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Personal Pronouns in oe
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1st p
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2d p.
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3d p. msc |
3d p. neut |
3d p. fem |
Duel
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Pl. 1st p |
Pl. 2d p. |
Pl. 3d p |
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N. G. D. A. |
ic mīn mē mē |
þū þīn þē þē |
hē his him hine |
hit his him hit |
he̅o hiere hiere hi̅e |
wit uncer unc unc |
wē ūre ūs ūs(ic) |
se e̅ower e̅ow e̅ow(ic) |
hi̅e, hi̅o, hī, hӯ hiera, hira, heora, hyra him, heom hi̅e, he̅o, hī, hӯ |
Demonstrative pronouns in oe
There were two types of demonstrative pronouns: the first with the demonstrative meaning considerably weakened; and the second, with a clear demonstrative meaning.
Weak demonstrative meaning
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sing. |
pl. |
As the lexical meaning was weakened the grammatical meaning acquired a larger force and eventually the pronoun developed into the definite article: sē þæt se̅o > the |
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Masc. |
Neut. |
Fem. |
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N. |
sē |
þæt |
se̅o |
þā |
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G. |
þǣs |
þǣs |
þǣre |
þāra |
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D. |
þǣm |
þǣm |
þǣre |
þǣm |
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Acc. |
þone |
þæt |
þā |
þā |
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Instr. |
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þӯ |
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Clear demonstrative meaning |
Demonstrative pronouns were frequently used as noun determiners and through agreement with the noun indicated its number, gender and case thus helping to define the forms of the nouns in ambiguous cases: e.g. þæt bān=sing. þā bān= pl. |
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N. |
ðes |
ðis |
ðe ͞os |
ðās |
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G. |
ðisses |
ðisses |
ðisse |
ðissa |
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D. |
ðissum |
ðissum |
ðise |
ðissum |
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Acc. |
ðisne |
ðis |
ðās |
ðās |
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Instr. |
ðys |
ðys |
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