- •Ноу «липецкий эколого-гуманитарный иститут»
- •Contents preface ……………………………………………………………………..….5 part one…………………………………………………………………….…..6
- •Preface
- •Part one
- •Analytical reading and its concern
- •The Subject Matter of Analytical Reading
- •1.2. Literary Work
- •2. Language as the medium of literature
- •2.1. Meanings of Linguistic Units Connotation in the Word’s Dictionary Meaning
- •2.2. Denotation and Connotation in Imaginative Literature
- •3. Literary text as poetic structure
- •3.1. Verbal and Supraverbal Layers of the Literary Text
- •3.2. Principles of Poetic Structure Cohesion
- •4. Components of poetic structure: Macro-Components of Poetic Structure
- •4.1. Literary Image
- •4.2. Theme and Idea
- •4.3. Plot
- •Composition
- •4.5. Genre
- •4.6. Tonal System
- •5. Components of poetic structure: Micro-Components of Poetic Structure
- •5.1. Tropes
- •5.1.1. Tropes Based on the Interaction of Different Types of Lexical Meanings
- •5.1.2. Tropes based on the Intensification of a Certain Feature of a Thing or Phenomenon
- •5.1.3. Tropes Based on Peculiar Use of Set Expressions
- •5.2. Phonetic Expressive Means and Stylistic Devices
- •5.3. Figures of speech
- •Part two
- •Selecting a Topic Sentence
- •Checking the Topic
- •Checking Your Progress
- •Mini-test
- •Unit 2. Practice with ideas Locating Key Elements for the Idea
- •Selecting the Correct Idea
- •Checking the Idea
- •Formulating Ideas
- •Checking Your Progress:
- •Revision
- •Unit 3. Practice with principles of poetic structure cohesion
- •Grown up pink
- •Shiseido
- •Checking Your Progress
- •Tropes based on the Intensification of a Certain Feature of a Thing or Phenomenon
- •Tropes based on Peculiar Use of Set Expressions
- •Hear the loud alarum bells –
- •What a tale of terror, now, their turbulency tells!
- •Phonetic Expressive Means and Stylistic Devices
- •Figures of Speech
- •Revision
- •Helping Phrases
- •Unit 5. Understanding poetry
- •To say that for destruction ice
- •A rip tide is raging
- •Checking Your Progress
- •Tips on literary work analysis
- •Practice with extracts From The Girl Who Loved Tom Gordon by Stephen King
- •From The Girl Who Loved Tom Gordon by Stephen King
- •From The Girl Who Loved Tom Gordon by Stephen King
- •From Come Together by Josie Lloyd & Emlyn Rees
- •From Come Together by Josie Lloyd & Emlyn Rees
- •From Vertical Run by Joseph r. Garber
- •From Vertical Run by Joseph r. Garber
- •From Vertical Run by Joseph r. Garber
- •From The Web by Jonathan Kellerman
- •From The Class by Eric Segal
- •From The Blue Note by Charlotte Bingham
- •From Blackout by Campbell Armstrong
- •From Blackout by Campbell Armstrong
- •From Blackout by Campbell Armstrong
- •From Blackout by Campbell Armstrong
- •From Blackout by Campbell Armstrong
- •From Blackout by Campbell Armstrong
- •From Simply Divine by Wendy Holden
- •From Dance While You Can by Susan Lewis
- •From Dance While You Can by Susan Lewis
- •From Rage of Angels by Sidney Sheldon
- •From Whispers by Dean Koontz
- •From Whispers by Dean Koontz
- •From Man and Boy by Tony Parson
- •From Man and Boy by Tony Parson
- •From Cold Fire by Dean Koontz
- •Checking your progress
- •Scheme of Extract Analysis
- •From Whispers by Dean Koontz
- •From Needful Things by Stephen King
- •From Rising Sun by Jeffrey Archer
- •From Sinners by Jackie Collins
- •From Sinners by Jackie Collins
- •From False Memory by Dean Koontz
- •Revision
- •From Come Together by Josie Lloyd & Emlyn Rees
- •From Man and Boy by Tony Parson
- •From Man and Boy by Tony Parson
- •From Sinners by Jackie Collins
- •Bibliography
Checking Your Progress
Exercise 1.4. Check your progress in identifying the topic sentences by completing the following mini-test.
Mini-test
(TOEFL format; time – 15 minutes)
Directions: You will read several passages. Each reading passage is followed by a set of answers. Choose the best answer a), b), c), or d) to the question of what the main subject of the passage is.
Example:
Between the late 1920s and 1950s, the Osborne Calendar Company produced a series of calendars featuring trains of the Pennsylvania Railroad. Up to 300,000 of these, featuring large colourful scenes of trains at work, were published each yea to hang in depots and shippers’ offices along the lines of the famous railroad company. The scenes, mostly painted by one artist, Grif Teller, are now valuable collectibles.
Trains at work
Calendars of the Pennsylvania Railroad trains √
Valuable calendarsGrif
Teller’s paintings of trains
The passage mainly discusses the calendars of the trains of the Pennsylvania Railroad produced by the Osborne Calendar Company. Therefore, you should mark b)
Yuzen dyeing is a Japanese art that produces a lavish, multicolored type of kimono design that dates from the seventeenth century. First a pattern is sketched on a kimono of plain, undyed silk. The garment is then taken apart and the design carefully painted onto the fabric with a paste that prevents the fabric from absorbing dye. Next, dyes are brushed over the silk, their colors penetrating only the untreated areas. After the paste is rinsed out, the strips of silk are again sewed into the kimono. Elaborate embroidery often completes the decoration.
Kimono design dating from the seventeenth century
A description of Yuzen dyeing
How kimonos are made
The elaborate embroidery done on kimonos
The bioluminescent flashlight fish does not actually light up but has a saclike organ under each eye that contains luminous bacteria. Although the bacteria glow constantly, the fish can control the light by eye movements. The flashlight fish uses its lights to search for food in the dark depths. Upon finding the food, the fish blinks rapidly to signal its mates. If an intruder threatens, the fish can startle it by shining its light. Predators can be confused by the flashlight fish’s flashing its light and abruptly changing directions.
The flashlight fish uses its bioluminescence for different purposes
Bioluminescence can save the life of the flashlight fish
Bioluminescence in the flashlight fish is due to the luminous bacteria in the eye organs
Different fish use bioluminescence for different purposes
Cole Porter was never regarded in his lifetime as socially conscious. Society-conscious, yes; he was born rich, and married richer, to Linda Lee Thomas, a wealthy divorcee. Songwriting made him a third fortune. He was not just rich and famous, he was famous for being rich. Though not a native New Yorker – he was a backcountry boy from Peru, Indiana – he and his work came to typify smart Manhattan society. His music was a highly personal mixture and had huge appeal. Porter, as an admiring contemporary remarked, made sophistication popular.
A socially conscious musician
Becoming rich and famous
The life of a songwriter
Popularizing sophistication
The beaver's comical-looking flat tail, which is three quarters of an inch thick, six or seven inches wide, and perhaps a foot long, is unique in the animal world. In the water, it serves as a rudder for swimming, and on land it props the beaver upright while the animal is cutting trees. It also serves as a radiator through which the heavily insulated beaver passes off excess body heat. The beaver uses its broad tail for an early warning system by slapping it against the water's surface, making a resounding whack that can be heard half a mile away.
To describe what the beaver's tail looks like to the reader
To inform the reader about the many uses of a Beaver's tail
To give the reader a lesson in nature studies
To teach the reader how to use a beaver's tail
Tree rings have long been used to determine the ages of trees and to gauge past climatic conditions. New evidence adds considerable weight to the theory that tree rings also record earthquakes. The rings reflect the effects of earthquakes, such as tilting, the disruption of root systems, and breakage, as well as shifts in environments. Older trees and petrified trees may give information about earthquakes that took place hundreds and even thousands of years ago.
How earthquakes affect tree rings
How tree rings can be used to warn people of impending earthquakes
What information might be gained from studying tree rings
Why tree rings are used to determine tree ages, climatic conditions, and earthquakes