2113

ɜɚɧɢɹ. ɋɬɪɚɯɨɜɳɢɤ ɧɟ ɦɨɠɟɬ ɜɦɟɫɬɟ ɫ ɬɟɦ ɨɬɤɚɡɚɬɶɫɹ ɨɬ ɞɨɝɨɜɨɪɚ, ɟɫɥɢ ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɹ ɞɚɧɚ ɞɨɛɪɨɫɨɜɟɫɬɧɨ, ɧɨ ɩɨɡɞɧɟɟ ɫɬɚɥɢ ɢɡɜɟɫɬɧɵ ɮɚɤɬɵ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɦɨɝɭɬ ɢɡɦɟɧɢɬɶ ɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɟ ɤ ɪɢɫɤɭ. ɋɬɪɚɯɨɜɚɬɟɥɶ ɢ ɛɪɨɤɟɪ ɢɦɟɸɬ ɩɪɚɜɨ ɢɡɦɟɧɢɬɶ ɢɥɢ ɞɚɬɶ ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɸ ɞɨ ɡɚɤɥɸɱɟɧɢɹ ɫɬɪɚɯɨɜɚɧɢɹ.

ɉɪɟɦɢɹ – ɫɭɦɦɚ, ɭɩɥɚɱɢɜɚɟɦɚɹ ɫɬɪɚɯɨɜɚɬɟɥɟɦ (ɞɟɪɠɚɬɟɥɟɦ ɩɨɥɢɫɚ) ɫɬɪɚɯɨɜɳɢɤɭ ɡɚ ɩɪɢɧɹɬɢɟ ɩɨɫɥɟɞɧɢɦ ɧɚ ɫɟɛɹ ɨɛɹɡɚɬɟɥɶɫɬɜ ɜɵɩɥɚɬɢɬɶ ɞɟɪɠɚɬɟɥɸ ɫɬɪɚɯɨɜɨɝɨ ɩɨɥɢɫɚ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɭɸɳɭɸ ɫɭɦɦɭ ɩɪɢ ɧɚɫɬɭɩɥɟɧɢɢ ɫɬɪɚɯɨɜɨɝɨ ɫɥɭɱɚɹ, ɨɛɭɫɥɨɜɥɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɜ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɹɯ ɩɨɥɢɫɚ. Ɇɨɠɟɬ ɜɵɩɥɚɱɢɜɚɬɶɫɹ ɟɠɟɦɟɫɹɱɧɨ, ɟɠɟɤɜɚɪɬɚɥɶɧɨ, ɩɨ ɩɨɥɭɝɨɞɢɹɦ ɢɥɢ ɟɠɟɝɨɞɧɨ.

ɉɪɟɦɢɹ, ɩɨɞɥɟɠɚɳɚɹ ɭɬɨɱɧɟɧɢɸ – ɛɵɜɚɸɬ ɫɥɭɱɚɢ, ɤɨɝɞɚ ɨɛɴɟɦ ɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ ɫɬɪɚɯɨɜɳɢɤɚ ɬɨɱɧɨ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɢɬɶ ɧɟɥɶɡɹ, ɢ ɟɦɭ ɩɟɪɜɨɧɚɱɚɥɶɧɨ ɜɵɩɥɚɱɢɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɚɜɚɧɫ ɩɪɟɦɢɢ ɢɥɢ ɱɚɫɬɶ ɩɪɟɦɢɢ, ɚ ɨɤɨɧɱɚɬɟɥɶɧɚɹ ɫɭɦɦɚ ɩɪɟɦɢɢ ɭɬɨɱɧɹɟɬɫɹ ɩɨ ɢɫɬɟɱɟɧɢɢ ɫɪɨɤɚ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹ ɩɨɥɢɫɚ.

ɉɪɟɬɟɧɡɢɹ – ɜ ɫɬɪɚɯɨɜɚɧɢɢ ɩɪɟɬɟɧɡɢɹ ɩɪɟɞɴɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɫɬɪɚɯɨɜɚɬɟɥɟɦ ɫɬɪɚɯɨɜɳɢɤɭ ɜ ɫɜɹɡɢ ɫ ɧɚɫɬɭɩɥɟɧɢɟɦ ɫɬɪɚɯɨɜɨɝɨ ɫɥɭɱɚɹ. ȼ ɩɪɚɤɬɢɤɟ ɫɬɪɚɯɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɬɚɤɚɹ ɩɪɟɬɟɧɡɢɹ ɜ ɪɹɞɟ ɫɥɭɱɚɟɜ ɢɦɟɧɭɟɬɫɹ «ɭɛɵɬɤɨɦ». ɍɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɮɚɤɬɨɜ ɢ ɩɪɢɱɢɧ ɫɬɪɚɯɨɜɨɝɨ ɫɥɭɱɚɹ, ɪɚɡɦɟɪɚ ɭɳɟɪɛɚ, ɩɪɢɱɢɧɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɡɚɫɬɪɚɯɨɜɚɧɧɨɦɭ ɢɦɭɳɟɫɬɜɭ ɜ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɟ ɫɬɪɚɯɨɜɨɝɨ ɫɥɭɱɚɹ, ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬɚɥɶɧɨɟ ɨɮɨɪɦɥɟɧɢɟ ɨɩɥɚɬɵ ɫɬɪɚɯɨɜɨɝɨ ɜɨɡɦɟɳɟɧɢɹ ɩɪɢɧɹɬɨ ɢɦɟɧɨɜɚɬɶ ɭɞɨɜɥɟɬɜɨɪɟɧɢɟɦ ɩɪɟɬɟɧɡɢɢ ɢɥɢ ɥɢɤɜɢɞɚɰɢɟɣ ɭɛɵɬɤɚ. ɉɪɟɬɟɧɡɢɹ ɤ ɫɬɪɚɯɨɜɳɢɤɭ ɦɨɠɟɬ ɛɵɬɶ ɩɪɟɞɴɹɜɥɟɧɚ ɧɟ ɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɫɬɪɚɯɨɜɚɬɟɥɟɦ, ɧɨ ɢ ɞɪɭɝɢɦ ɸɪɢɞɢɱɟɫɤɢɦ ɢɥɢ ɮɢɡɢɱɟɫɤɢɦ ɥɢɰɨɦ, ɜ ɩɨɥɶɡɭ ɤɨɬɨɪɨɝɨ ɭɱɢɧɟɧɚ ɩɟɪɟɞɚɬɨɱɧɚɹ ɧɚɞɩɢɫɶ ɧɚ ɩɨɥɢɫɟ. ɋɪɨɤ ɞɚɜɧɨɫɬɢ ɩɪɟɞɴɹɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɩɪɟɬɟɧɡɢɣ, ɜɵɬɟɤɚɸɳɢɯ ɢɡ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɣ ɫɬɪɚɯɨɜɚɧɢɹ, ɨɝɨɜɚɪɢɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɜ ɩɨɥɢɫɟ ɢ ɨɫɧɨɜɵɜɚɟɬɫɹ, ɤɚɤ ɩɪɚɜɢɥɨ, ɧɚ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɭɸɳɟɦ ɡɚɤɨɧɨɞɚɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɟ ɫɬɪɚɧɵ, ɜ ɤɨɬɨɪɨɣ ɜɵɞɚɧ ɩɨɥɢɫ. ȼ ɩɨɧɹɬɢɟ ɩɪɟɬɟɧɡɢɢ ɦɨɝɭɬ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɜɯɨɞɢɬɶ ɩɪɟɬɟɧɡɢɢ, ɩɪɟɞɴɹɜɥɹɟɦɵɟ ɤ ɫɬɨɪɨɧɟ, ɜɢɧɨɜɧɨɣ ɜ ɜɨɡɧɢɤɧɨɜɟɧɢɢ ɫɬɪɚɯɨɜɨɝɨ ɫɥɭɱɚɹ – ɪɟɝɪɟɫɫ.

ɉɪɢɧɰɢɩɚɥ – 1) Ɉɫɧɨɜɧɨɣ ɞɨɥɠɧɢɤ ɜ ɨɛɹɡɚɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɟ; 2) Ɏɢɡɢɱɟɫɤɨɟ ɢɥɢ ɸɪɢɞɢɱɟɫɤɨɟ ɥɢɰɨ, ɭɩɨɥɧɨɦɨɱɢɜɚɸɳɟɟ ɞɪɭɝɨɟ ɥɢɰɨ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɨɜɚɬɶ ɜ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɟ ɚɝɟɧɬɚ; 3) Ʌɢɰɨ, ɭɱɚɫɬɜɭɸɳɟɟ ɜ ɫɞɟɥɤɟ ɡɚ ɫɜɨɣ ɫɱɟɬ.

ɉɪɨɩɨɪɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɚɹ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɚ ɫɬɪɚɯɨɜɨɝɨ ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɟɧɢɹ – ɩɪɟɞɭɫɦɚɬɪɢɜɚɟɬ ɜɵ-

ɩɥɚɬɭ ɫɬɪɚɯɨɜɨɝɨ ɜɨɡɦɟɳɟɧɢɹ ɜ ɪɚɡɦɟɪɟ ɬɚɤɨɣ ɱɚɫɬɢ ɭɳɟɪɛɚ, ɤɚɤɭɸ ɫɬɪɚɯɨɜɚɹ ɫɭɦɦɚ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɟɬ ɩɨ ɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɸ ɤ ɨɰɟɧɤɟ ɨɛɴɟɤɬɚ ɫɬɪɚɯɨɜɚɧɢɹ. ɇɚɩɪɢɦɟɪ, ɟɫɥɢ ɫɬɪɚɯɨɜɚɹ ɫɭɦɦɚ ɪɚɜɧɚ 80 % ɨɰɟɧɤɢ ɨɛɴɟɤɬɚ ɫɬɪɚɯɨɜɚɧɢɹ, ɬɨ ɢ ɫɬɪɚɯɨɜɨɟ ɜɨɡɦɟɳɟɧɢɟ ɛɭɞɟɬ ɪɚɜɧɨ 80 % ɭɳɟɪɛɚ. ɉɪɢ ɷɬɨɦ ɱɚɫɬɶ ɭɳɟɪɛɚ ɨɫɬɚɟɬɫɹ ɧɚ ɪɢɫɤɟ ɫɬɪɚɯɨɜɚɬɟɥɹ: ɫɬɟɩɟɧɶ ɩɨɥɧɨɬɵ ɜɨɡɦɟɳɟɧɢɹ ɬɟɦ ɜɵɲɟ, ɱɟɦ ɦɟɧɶɲɟ ɪɚɡɧɢɰɚ ɦɟɠɞɭ ɫɬɪɚɯɨɜɨɣ ɫɭɦɦɨɣ ɢ ɨɰɟɧɤɨɣ ɨɛɴɟɤɬɚ ɫɬɪɚɯɨɜɚɧɢɹ.

ɉɪɨɩɨɪɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɟ ɩɟɪɟɫɬɪɚɯɨɜɚɧɢɟ – ɮɨɪɦɚ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɞɨɝɨɜɨɪɨɜ ɩɟɪɟ-

ɫɬɪɚɯɨɜɚɧɢɹ. ȼɤɥɸɱɚɟɬ ɜ ɫɟɛɹ ɤɜɨɬɧɵɟ, ɷɤɫɰɟɞɟɧɬɧɵɟ ɢ ɤɜɨɬɧɨ-ɷɤɫɰɟɞɟɧɬɧɵɟ ɞɨɝɨɜɨɪɵ.

Ɋ

Ɋɚɡɛɨɣ – ɧɚɩɚɞɟɧɢɟ ɜ ɰɟɥɹɯ ɯɢɳɟɧɢɹ ɱɭɠɨɝɨ ɢɦɭɳɟɫɬɜɚ, ɫɨɜɟɪɲɟɧɧɨɟ ɫ ɩɪɢɦɟɧɟɧɢɟɦ ɧɚɫɢɥɢɹ, ɨɩɚɫɧɨɝɨ ɞɥɹ ɠɢɡɧɢ ɢɥɢ ɡɞɨɪɨɜɶɹ, ɥɢɛɨ ɫ ɭɝɪɨɡɨɣ ɩɪɢɦɟɧɟɧɢɹ ɬɚɤɨɝɨ ɧɚɫɢɥɢɹ.

Ɋɚɫɯɨɞɵ ɩɨ ɡɚɳɢɬɟ ɫɜɨɢɯ ɩɪɚɜ – ɫɭɞɟɛɧɵɟ ɪɚɫɯɨɞɵ ɫɬɪɚɯɨɜɚɬɟɥɹ, ɜɵɡɜɚɧɧɵɟ ɡɚɳɢɬɨɣ ɢɦ ɫɜɨɢɯ ɩɪɚɜ ɩɨ ɩɪɟɬɟɧɡɢɹɦ, ɩɪɟɞɴɹɜɥɟɧɧɵɦ ɤ ɫɬɪɚɯɨɜɳɢɤɭ, ɢ ɨɬ ɭɞɨɜɥɟɬɜɨɪɟɧɢɹ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɯ ɨɧ ɭɤɥɨɧɹɟɬɫɹ. ɉɪɢ ɞɨɤɚɡɚɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɟ ɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ ɫɬɪɚɯɨɜɳɢɤɚ ɷɬɢ ɪɚɫɯɨɞɵ ɩɨɞɥɟɠɚɬ ɜɨɡɦɟɳɟɧɢɸ ɢɦ ɫɬɪɚɯɨɜɚɬɟɥɸ.

171

ɨɛɹɡɚɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɞɨɥɠɧɨ ɩɪɨɢɡɨɣɬɢ, ɧɚɯɨɞɹɫɶ ɜɧɟ ɩɪɟɞɟɥɨɜ ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɹ. ȼɟɪɨɹɬɧɨɟ ɫɨɛɵɬɢɟ ɢɥɢ ɫɨɜɨɤɭɩɧɨɫɬɶ ɫɨɛɵɬɢɣ ɧɚ ɫɥɭɱɚɣ ɧɚɫɬɭɩɥɟɧɢɹ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɯ ɩɪɨɜɨɞɢɬɫɹ ɫɬɪɚɯɨɜɚɧɢɟ. ɉɨɞ ɪɢɫɤɨɦ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɦɨɠɟɬ ɩɨɞɪɚɡɭɦɟɜɚɬɶɫɹ ɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɫɬɶ ɫɬɪɚɯɨɜɳɢɤɚ: ɨɛɴɟɤɬ ɫɬɪɚɯɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɧɚɯɨɞɢɬɫɹ ɧɚ ɪɢɫɤɟ, ɬ.ɟ. ɧɚ ɟɝɨ ɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ. Ⱦɚɥɟɟ ɪɢɫɤ ɦɨɠɟɬ ɨɡɧɚɱɚɬɶ ɨɛɴɟɤɬ ɫɬɪɚɯɨɜɚɧɢɹ: ɧɚɩɪɢɦɟɪ, ɫɭɞɧɨ. ɇɚɤɨɧɟɰ, ɩɨɞ ɪɢɫɤɨɦ ɦɨɠɟɬ ɩɨɞɪɚɡɭɦɟɜɚɬɶɫɹ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɧɵɣ ɜɢɞ ɢɥɢ ɞɚɠɟ ɩɪɟɞɦɟɬ ɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ ɫɬɪɚɯɨɜɳɢɤɚ. Ɉɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɧɚ ɨɫɧɨɜɟ ɞɚɧɧɵɯ ɫɬɚɬɢɫɬɢɤɢ, ɷɦɩɢɪɢɱɟɫɤɢ ɢ ɧɚ ɨɫɧɨɜɟ ɬɟɨɪɢɢ ɜɟɪɨɹɬɧɨɫɬɟɣ. Ⱦɨɫɬɨɜɟɪɧɨɫɬɶ ɨɰɟɧɨɤ ɪɢɫɤɚ ɩɪɨɜɟɪɹɟɬɫɹ ɫ ɩɨɦɨɳɶɸ ɩɨɫɬɪɨɟɧɢɹ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɵɯ ɷɤɨɧɨɦɢɤɨ-ɦɚɬɟɦɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɦɨɞɟɥɟɣ (ɚɤɬɭɚɪɧɵɟ ɪɚɫɱɟɬɵ). ɂɦɟɟɬ ɜɚɠɧɨɟ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɟ ɞɥɹ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɹ ɪɚɡɦɟɪɚ ɫɬɪɚɯɨɜɨɝɨ ɮɨɧɞɚ.

Ɋɢɫɤ-ɦɟɧɟɞɠɦɟɧɬ – ɧɨɜɵɣ ɜɢɞ ɭɫɥɭɝ, ɨɤɚɡɵɜɚɟɦɵɯ ɛɪɨɤɟɪɫɤɢɦɢ ɮɢɪɦɚɦɢ, ɫɬɪɚɯɨɜɵɦɢ ɢ ɩɟɪɟɫɬɪɚɯɨɜɨɱɧɵɦɢ ɤɨɦɩɚɧɢɹɦɢ ɫɜɨɢɦ ɤɥɢɟɧɬɚɦ. ɒɢɪɨɤɨ ɪɟɤɥɚɦɢɪɭɟɬɫɹ ɢ ɨɛɫɭɠɞɚɟɬɫɹ ɜ ɩɟɱɚɬɢ ɜ ɩɨɫɥɟɞɧɢɟ ɝɨɞɵ. Ɍɨɱɧɨɝɨ ɫɦɵɫɥɨɜɨɝɨ ɩɟɪɟɜɨɞɚ ɧɚ ɪɭɫɫɤɢɣ ɹɡɵɤ ɷɬɨ ɜɵɪɚɠɟɧɢɟ ɧɟ ɢɦɟɟɬ. ɇɚɢɛɨɥɟɟ ɩɪɢɟɦɥɟɦɨ ɟɝɨ ɦɨɠɧɨ ɛɵ ɩɟɪɟɜɟɫɬɢ ɤɚɤ «ɨɰɟɧɤɚ ɪɢɫɤɚ».

Ɋɢɫɤɨɜɚɹ ɩɪɟɦɢɹ – ɜ ɫɬɪɚɯɨɜɚɧɢɢ ɩɪɟɦɢɸ ɩɪɢɧɹɬɨ ɞɟɥɢɬɶ ɧɚ ɞɜɟ ɱɚɫɬɢ. Ɉɫɧɨɜɧɚɹ ɱɚɫɬɶ ɩɪɟɞɧɚɡɧɚɱɟɧɚ ɞɥɹ ɫɨɡɞɚɧɢɹ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨɝɨ ɮɨɧɞɚ ɞɥɹ ɨɩɥɚɬɵ ɫɭɦɦ ɫɬɪɚɯɨɜɨɝɨ ɜɨɡɦɟɳɟɧɢɹ, ɫɜɹɡɚɧɚ ɫ ɪɢɫɤɨɦ ɫɬɪɚɯɨɜɨɣ ɤɨɦɩɚɧɢɢ ɢ ɢɦɟɧɭɟɬɫɹ ɪɢɫɤɨɜɨɣ ɩɪɟɦɢɟɣ. ɇɚɞɛɚɜɤɚ ɤ ɪɢɫɤɨɜɨɣ ɩɪɟɦɢɢ ɫɥɭɠɢɬ ɞɥɹ ɫɨɡɞɚɧɢɹ ɪɟɡɟɪɜɨɜ ɧɚ ɫɥɭɱɚɣ ɱɪɟɡɜɵɱɚɣɧɵɯ ɭɛɵɬɤɨɜ ɢ ɩɨɤɪɵɬɢɹ ɪɚɫɯɨɞɨɜ ɧɚ ɜɟɞɟɧɢɟ ɞɟɥɚ.

Ɋɢɫɤɨɜɵɟ ɨɛɫɬɨɹɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɚ – ɮɚɤɬɨɪɵ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɦɢ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɪɟɝɢɫɬɪɚɰɢɹ ɪɢɫɤɚ ɞɥɹ ɞɚɧɧɨɣ ɪɢɫɤɨɜɨɣ ɫɨɜɨɤɭɩɧɨɫɬɢ. Ɋɢɫɤɨɜɵɟ ɨɛɫɬɨɹɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɚ ɢɥɢ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɹ ɨɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɥɟɧɢɹ (ɪɟɚɥɢɡɚɰɢɢ) ɪɢɫɤɚ ɚɧɚɥɢɡɢɪɭɸɬɫɹ ɫɬɪɚɯɨɜɳɢɤɨɦ. ɂɫɯɨɞɹ ɢɡ ɪɢɫɤɨɜɵɯ ɨɛɫɬɨɹɬɟɥɶɫɬɜ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɬɚɪɢɮ ɫɬɪɚɯɨɜɚɧɢɹ.

Ɋɢɬɨɪɧɨ – ɭɞɟɪɠɚɧɢɟ ɫɬɪɚɯɨɜɳɢɤɨɦ ɱɚɫɬɢ ɪɚɧɟɟ ɨɩɥɚɱɟɧɧɨɣ ɫɬɪɚɯɨɜɚɬɟɥɟɦ ɩɪɟɦɢɢ ɩɪɢ ɪɚɫɬɨɪɠɟɧɢɢ ɞɨɝɨɜɨɪɚ ɫɬɪɚɯɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɛɟɡ ɭɜɚɠɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɩɪɢɱɢɧ.

ɋ

ɋɛɟɪɟɝɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɟ ɫɬɪɚɯɨɜɚɧɢɟ – ɫɬɪɚɯɨɜɚɧɢɟ, ɩɨ ɤɨɬɨɪɨɦɭ ɫɬɪɚɯɨɜɳɢɤ ɜ ɨɛɦɟɧ ɧɚ ɭɩɥɚɬɭ ɩɪɟɦɢɣ ɨɛɹɡɭɟɬɫɹ ɜɵɩɥɚɬɢɬɶ ɤɚɩɢɬɚɥ ɢɥɢ ɪɟɧɬɭ ɜɵɝɨɞɨɩɪɢɨɛɪɟɬɚɬɟɥɸ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɦ ɨɛɵɱɧɨ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɫɚɦ ɡɚɫɬɪɚɯɨɜɚɧɧɵɣ, ɟɫɥɢ ɩɨɫɥɟɞɧɢɣ ɞɨɠɢɜɟɬ ɞɨ ɭɤɚɡɚɧɧɨɝɨ ɫɪɨɤɚ ɢɥɢ ɜɨɡɪɚɫɬɚ.

ɋɟɪɜɢɫɧɚɹ ɤɨɦɩɚɧɢɹ – ɫɟɪɜɢɫɧɚɹ ɫɥɭɠɛɚ, ɤɨɬɨɪɚɹ ɤɭɪɢɪɭɟɬ ɢ ɪɟɝɭɥɢɪɭɟɬ ɫɬɪɚɯɨɜɵɟ ɫɥɭɱɚɢ ɡɚ ɪɭɛɟɠɨɦ.

ɋɢɫɬɟɦɚ ɩɟɪɜɨɝɨ ɪɢɫɤɚ – ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɨɧɧɚɹ ɮɨɪɦɚ ɫɬɪɚɯɨɜɨɝɨ ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɟɧɢɹ. ɉɪɟɞɭɫɦɚɬɪɢɜɚɟɬ ɜɵɩɥɚɬɭ ɫɬɪɚɯɨɜɨɝɨ ɜɨɡɦɟɳɟɧɢɹ ɜ ɪɚɡɦɟɪɟ ɮɚɤɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɭɳɟɪɛɚ, ɧɨ ɧɟ ɛɨɥɟɟ ɱɟɦ ɡɚɪɚɧɟɟ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɧɚɹ ɫɬɨɪɨɧɚɦɢ ɫɬɪɚɯɨɜɚɹ ɫɭɦɦɚ.

ɋɢɫɬɟɦɚ ɩɪɟɞɟɥɶɧɨɣ ɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ – ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɨɧɧɚɹ ɮɨɪɦɚ ɫɬɪɚɯɨɜɨɝɨ ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɟɧɢɹ, ɤɨɬɨɪɚɹ ɩɪɟɞɭɫɦɚɬɪɢɜɚɟɬ ɜɨɡɦɟɳɟɧɢɟ ɭɳɟɪɛɚ ɤɚɤ ɪɚɡɧɢɰɭ ɦɟɠɞɭ ɡɚɪɚɧɟɟ ɨɛɭɫɥɨɜɥɟɧɧɵɦ ɩɪɟɞɟɥɨɦ ɢ ɞɨɫɬɢɝɧɭɬɵɦ ɭɪɨɜɧɟɦ ɞɨɯɨɞɚ.

ɋɢɫɬɟɦɚ ɩɪɨɩɨɪɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ – ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɨɧɧɚɹ ɮɨɪɦɚ ɫɬɪɚ-

ɯɨɜɨɝɨ ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɟɧɢɹ, ɤɨɬɨɪɚɹ ɩɪɟɞɭɫɦɚɬɪɢɜɚɟɬ ɜɵɩɥɚɬɭ ɫɬɪɚɯɨɜɨɝɨ ɜɨɡɦɟɳɟɧɢɹ ɜ ɡɚɪɚɧɟɟ ɮɢɤɫɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɨɣ ɞɨɥɟ.

ɋɦɟɲɚɧɧɨɟ ɫɬɪɚɯɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɠɢɡɧɢ – ɜɢɞ ɥɢɱɧɨɝɨ ɫɬɪɚɯɨɜɚɧɢɹ, ɩɪɟɞɭɫɦɚɬɪɢɜɚɸɳɢɣ ɨɛɹɡɚɬɟɥɶɧɭɸ ɜɵɩɥɚɬɭ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɧɨɣ ɞɟɧɟɠɧɨɣ ɫɭɦɦɵ ɫɬɪɚɯɨɜɚɬɟɥɸ (ɡɚɫɬɪɚɯɨɜɚɧɧɨɦɭ) ɡɚ ɫɱɟɬ ɨɛɴɟɞɢɧɟɧɢɹ ɫɬɪɚɯɨɜɵɯ ɪɢɫɤɨɜ ɫ ɪɚɡɧɵɦɢ ɢ ɩɪɨɬɢɜɨɩɨɥɨɠɧɵɦɢ ɩɨɫɥɟɞɫɬɜɢɹɦɢ – ɞɨɠɢɬɢɟ ɞɨ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɫɪɨɤɚ ɢɥɢ ɫɦɟɪɬɢ ɜ ɬɟɱɟɧɢɟ ɷɬɨɝɨ ɩɟɪɢɨɞɚ.

173

ɋɬɪɚɯɨɜɚɹ ɩɪɟɦɢɹ – ɨɩɥɚɱɟɧɧɵɣ ɫɬɪɚɯɨɜɨɣ ɢɧɬɟɪɟɫ; ɩɥɚɬɚ ɡɚ ɫɬɪɚɯɨɜɨɣ ɪɢɫɤ ɜ ɞɟɧɟɠɧɨɣ ɮɨɪɦɟ. ɋɬɪɚɯɨɜɭɸ ɩɪɟɦɢɸ ɨɩɥɚɱɢɜɚɟɬ ɫɬɪɚɯɨɜɚɬɟɥɶ ɢ ɜɧɨɫɢɬ ɫɬɪɚɯɨɜɳɢɤɭ ɫɨɝɥɚɫɧɨ ɡɚɤɨɧɭ ɢɥɢ ɞɨɝɨɜɨɪɭ ɫɬɪɚɯɨɜɚɧɢɹ. ȿɟ ɪɚɡɦɟɪ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɨɛɳɟɣ ɜɟɥɢɱɢɧɨɣ ɜɡɧɨɫɨɜ, ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨɣ ɞɥɹ ɜɵɩɥɚɬ ɩɨ ɬɪɟɛɨɜɚɧɢɹɦ ɞɟɪɠɚɬɟɥɟɣ ɩɨɥɢɫɨɜ, ɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɞɥɹ ɚɞɦɢɧɢɫɬɪɚɬɢɜɧɵɯ ɪɚɫɯɨɞɨɜ. ȼɡɧɨɫɵ ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɢɜɚɸɬ ɩɨɤɪɵɬɢɟ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɵɯ ɪɢɫɤɨɜ.

ɋɬɪɚɯɨɜɚɹ ɫɭɦɦɚ – ɫɭɦɦɚ, ɜ ɩɪɟɞɟɥɚɯ ɤɨɬɨɪɨɣ ɫɬɪɚɯɨɜɳɢɤ ɨɛɹɡɭɟɬɫɹ ɜɵɩɥɚɬɢɬɶ ɫɬɪɚɯɨɜɨɟ ɜɨɡɦɟɳɟɧɢɟ ɩɨ ɞɨɝɨɜɨɪɭ ɫɬɪɚɯɨɜɚɧɢɹ, ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɫɨɝɥɚɲɟɧɢɟɦ ɫɬɪɚɯɨɜɚɬɟɥɹ ɫɨ ɫɬɪɚɯɨɜɳɢɤɨɦ.

ɋɬɪɚɯɨɜɨɟ ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɟɧɢɟ – ɭɪɨɜɟɧɶ ɫɬɪɚɯɨɜɨɣ ɨɰɟɧɤɢ ɩɨ ɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɸ ɤ ɫɬɨɢɦɨɫɬɢ ɢɦɭɳɟɫɬɜɚ, ɩɪɢɧɹɬɨɣ ɞɥɹ ɰɟɥɟɣ ɫɬɪɚɯɨɜɚɧɢɹ.

ɋɬɪɚɯɨɜɨɟ ɫɨɛɵɬɢɟ – ɩɨɬɟɧɰɢɚɥɶɧɨ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɟ ɩɪɢɱɢɧɟɧɢɟ ɭɳɟɪɛɚ ɨɛɴɟɤɬɭ ɫɬɪɚɯɨɜɚɧɢɹ. ɋɬɪɚɯɨɜɨɟ ɫɨɛɵɬɢɟ ɨɬɥɢɱɚɟɬɫɹ ɨɬ ɫɬɪɚɯɨɜɨɝɨ ɫɥɭɱɚɹ ɬɟɦ, ɱɬɨ ɩɨɫɥɟɞɧɟɟ ɨɡɧɚɱɚɟɬ ɪɟɚɥɢɡɨɜɚɧɧɭɸ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɫɬɶ ɩɪɢɱɢɧɟɧɢɹ ɭɳɟɪɛɚ ɨɛɴɟɤɬɭ ɫɬɪɚɯɨɜɚɧɢɹ.

ɋɬɪɚɯɨɜɨɣ ɚɤɬ – ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬ ɢɥɢ ɝɪɭɩɩɚ ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬɨɜ, ɨɮɨɪɦɥɟɧɧɵɯ ɜ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɧɨɦ ɩɨɪɹɞɤɟ, ɩɨɞɬɜɟɪɠɞɚɸɳɢɯ ɮɚɤɬ, ɨɛɫɬɨɹɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɚ ɢ ɩɪɚɤɬɢɤɭ ɫɬɪɚɯɨɜɨɝɨ ɫɥɭɱɚɹ.

ɋɬɪɚɯɨɜɳɢɤ – ɸɪɢɞɢɱɟɫɤɨɟ ɥɢɰɨ, ɫɨɡɞɚɧɧɨɟ ɜ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɢɢ ɫ ɡɚɤɨɧɨɞɚɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɨɦ Ɋɨɫɫɢɣɫɤɨɣ Ɏɟɞɟɪɚɰɢɢ, ɞɥɹ ɨɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɫɬɪɚɯɨɜɚɧɢɹ, ɩɟɪɟɫɬɪɚɯɨɜɚɧɢɹ, ɜɡɚɢɦɧɨɝɨ ɫɬɪɚɯɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɢ ɩɨɥɭɱɢɜɲɟɟ ɥɢɰɟɧɡɢɢ ɜ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɢɢ ɫ Ɂɚɤɨɧɨɦ ɊɎ «Ɉɛ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɫɬɪɚɯɨɜɨɝɨ ɞɟɥɚ ɜ Ɋɨɫɫɢɣɫɤɨɣ Ɏɟɞɟɪɚɰɢɢ» ʋ4015-1 ɨɬ 27.11.1992 ɝ. (ɪɟɞ. ɨɬ 30.11.2011 ɝ., ɫ ɢɡɦ. ɢ ɞɨɩ. ɨɬ 01.01.2012 ɝ.). ɋɬɪɚɯɨɜɳɢɤ ɨɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɥɹɟɬ ɨɰɟɧɤɭ ɫɬɪɚɯɨɜɨɝɨ ɪɢɫɤɚ, ɩɨɥɭɱɚɟɬ ɫɬɪɚɯɨɜɵɟ ɩɪɟɦɢɢ (ɫɬɪɚɯɨɜɵɟ ɜɡɧɨɫɵ), ɮɨɪɦɢɪɭɟɬ ɫɬɪɚɯɨɜɵɟ ɪɟɡɟɪɜɵ, ɢɧɜɟɫɬɢɪɭɟɬ ɚɤɬɢɜɵ, ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɟɬ ɪɚɡɦɟɪ ɭɛɵɬɤɨɜ ɢɥɢ ɭɳɟɪɛɚ, ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɢɬ ɫɬɪɚɯɨɜɵɟ ɜɵɩɥɚɬɵ, ɨɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɥɹɟɬ ɢɧɵɟ ɫɜɹɡɚɧɧɵɟ ɫ ɢɫɩɨɥɧɟɧɢɟɦ ɨɛɹɡɚɬɟɥɶɫɬɜ ɩɨ ɞɨɝɨɜɨɪɭ ɫɬɪɚɯɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹ.

ɋɬɪɚɯɨɜɵɟ ɚɝɟɧɬɵ – ɩɨɫɬɨɹɧɧɨ ɩɪɨɠɢɜɚɸɳɢɟ ɧɚ ɬɟɪɪɢɬɨɪɢɢ Ɋɨɫɫɢɣɫɤɨɣ Ɏɟɞɟɪɚɰɢɢ ɢ ɨɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɥɹɸɳɢɟ ɫɜɨɸ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ ɧɚ ɨɫɧɨɜɚɧɢɢ ɝɪɚɠɞɚɧɫɤɨ-ɩɪɚɜɨɜɨɝɨ ɞɨɝɨɜɨɪɚ ɮɢɡɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɥɢɰɚ ɢɥɢ ɪɨɫɫɢɣɫɤɢɟ ɸɪɢɞɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɥɢɰɚ (ɤɨɦɦɟɪɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɢ), ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɹɸɬ ɫɬɪɚɯɨɜɳɢɤɚ ɜ ɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɹɯ ɫɨ ɫɬɪɚɯɨɜɚɬɟɥɟɦ ɢ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɭɸɬ ɨɬ ɢɦɟɧɢ ɫɬɪɚɯɨɜɳɢɤɚ ɢ ɩɨ ɟɝɨ ɩɨɪɭɱɟɧɢɸ ɜ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɢɢ ɫ ɩɪɟɞɨɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɧɵɦɢ ɩɨɥɧɨɦɨɱɢɹɦɢ.

ɋɬɪɚɯɨɜɵɟ ɛɪɨɤɟɪɵ – ɩɨɫɬɨɹɧɧɨ ɩɪɨɠɢɜɚɸɳɢɟ ɧɚ ɬɟɪɪɢɬɨɪɢɢ Ɋɨɫɫɢɣɫɤɨɣ Ɏɟɞɟɪɚɰɢɢ ɢ ɡɚɪɟɝɢɫɬɪɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɵɟ ɜ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɧɨɦ ɡɚɤɨɧɨɞɚɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɨɦ Ɋɨɫɫɢɣɫɤɨɣ Ɏɟɞɟɪɚɰɢɢ ɩɨɪɹɞɤɟ ɜ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɟ ɢɧɞɢɜɢɞɭɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɩɪɟɞɩɪɢɧɢɦɚɬɟɥɟɣ ɮɢɡɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɥɢɰɚ ɢɥɢ ɪɨɫɫɢɣɫɤɢɟ ɸɪɢɞɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɥɢɰɚ (ɤɨɦɦɟɪɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɢ), ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɭɸɬ ɜ ɢɧɬɟɪɟɫɚɯ ɫɬɪɚɯɨɜɚɬɟɥɹ (ɩɟɪɟɫɬɪɚɯɨɜɚɬɟɥɹ) ɢɥɢ ɫɬɪɚɯɨɜɳɢɤɚ (ɩɟɪɟɫɬɪɚɯɨɜɳɢɤɚ) ɢ ɨɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɥɹɸɬ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ ɩɨ ɨɤɚɡɚɧɢɸ ɭɫɥɭɝ, ɫɜɹɡɚɧɧɵɯ ɫ ɡɚɤɥɸɱɟɧɢɟɦ ɞɨɝɨɜɨɪɨɜ ɫɬɪɚɯɨɜɚɧɢɹ (ɩɟɪɟɫɬɪɚɯɨɜɚɧɢɹ) ɦɟɠɞɭ ɫɬɪɚɯɨɜɳɢɤɨɦ (ɩɟɪɟɫɬɪɚɯɨɜɳɢɤɨɦ) ɢ ɫɬɪɚɯɨɜɚɬɟɥɟɦ (ɩɟɪɟɫɬɪɚɯɨɜɚɬɟɥɟɦ), ɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɫ ɢɫɩɨɥɧɟɧɢɟɦ ɭɤɚɡɚɧɧɵɯ ɞɨɝɨɜɨɪɨɜ (ɞɚɥɟɟ – ɨɤɚɡɚɧɢɟ ɭɫɥɭɝ ɫɬɪɚɯɨɜɨɝɨ ɛɪɨɤɟɪɚ). ɉɪɢ ɨɤɚɡɚɧɢɢ ɭɫɥɭɝ, ɫɜɹɡɚɧɧɵɯ ɫ ɡɚɤɥɸɱɟɧɢɟɦ ɭɤɚɡɚɧɧɵɯ ɞɨɝɨɜɨɪɨɜ, ɫɬɪɚɯɨɜɨɣ ɛɪɨɤɟɪ ɧɟ ɜɩɪɚɜɟ ɨɞɧɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɨ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɨɜɚɬɶ ɜ ɢɧɬɟɪɟɫɚɯ ɫɬɪɚɯɨɜɚɬɟɥɹ ɢ ɫɬɪɚɯɨɜɳɢɤɚ. ɋɬɪɚɯɨɜɵɟ ɛɪɨɤɟɪɵ ɜɩɪɚɜɟ ɨɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɥɹɬɶ ɢɧɭɸ ɧɟ ɡɚɩɪɟɳɟɧɧɭɸ ɡɚɤɨɧɨɦ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ, ɫɜɹɡɚɧɧɭɸ ɫɨ ɫɬɪɚɯɨɜɚɧɢɟɦ, ɡɚ ɢɫɤɥɸɱɟɧɢɟɦ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ɜ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɟ ɫɬɪɚɯɨɜɨɝɨ ɚɝɟɧɬɚ, ɫɬɪɚɯɨɜɳɢɤɚ, ɩɟɪɟɫɬɪɚɯɨɜɳɢɤɚ. ɋɬɪɚɯɨɜɵɟ ɛɪɨɤɟɪɵ ɧɟ ɜɩɪɚɜɟ ɨɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɥɹɬɶ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ, ɧɟ ɫɜɹɡɚɧɧɭɸ ɫɨ ɫɬɪɚɯɨɜɚɧɢɟɦ.

ɋɬɪɚɯɨɜɨɣ ɢɧɬɟɪɟɫ – ɦɟɪɚ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɡɚɢɧɬɟɪɟɫɨɜɚɧɧɨɫɬɢ ɮɢɡɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɢɥɢ ɸɪɢɞɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɥɢɰɚ ɜ ɫɬɪɚɯɨɜɚɧɢɢ. ɇɨɫɢɬɟɥɹɦɢ ɫɬɪɚɯɨɜɨɝɨ ɢɧɬɟɪɟɫɚ ɜɵɫɬɭɩɚɸɬ ɫɬɪɚɯɨɜɚɬɟɥɢ ɢ ɡɚɫɬɪɚɯɨɜɚɧɧɵɟ.

175

Ɍ

Ɍɚɧɬɶɟɦɚ – 1) ɞɨɩɨɥɧɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɟ ɜɨɡɧɚɝɪɚɠɞɟɧɢɟ, ɜɵɩɥɚɱɢɜɚɟɦɨɟ ɜ ɜɢɞɟ ɩɪɨɰɟɧɬɚ ɨɬ ɱɢɫɬɨɣ ɩɪɢɛɵɥɢ ɜɵɫɲɟɦɭ ɪɭɤɨɜɨɞɹɳɟɦɭ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɭ, ɞɢɪɟɤɬɨɪɚɦ ɚɤɰɢɨɧɟɪɧɵɯ ɨɛɳɟɫɬɜ, ɛɚɧɤɨɜ, ɫɬɪɚɯɨɜɵɯ ɤɨɦɩɚɧɢɣ; 2) ɮɨɪɦɚ ɩɨɨɳɪɟɧɢɹ ɩɟɪɟɫɬɪɚɯɨɜɳɢɤɨɦ ɩɟɪɟɫɬɪɚɯɨɜɚɬɟɥɹ ɡɚ ɩɪɟɞɨɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɫɬɢ ɭɱɚɫɬɜɨɜɚɬɶ ɜ ɩɟɪɟɫɬɪɚɯɨɜɨɱɧɨɦ ɞɨɝɨɜɨɪɟ ɢ ɨɫɦɨɬɪɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɟ ɜɟɞɟɧɢɟ ɞɟɥɚ; 3) ɤɨɦɢɫɫɢɹ ɫ ɩɪɢɛɵɥɢ. Ɉɝɨɜɨɪɤɚ ɨ ɬɚɧɬɶɟɦɟ ɫɨɞɟɪɠɢɬɫɹ ɜ ɛɨɥɶɲɢɧɫɬɜɟ ɞɨɝɨɜɨɪɨɜ ɨ ɩɟɪɟɫɬɪɚɯɨɜɚɧɢɢ. Ɍɚɧɬɶɟɦɚ ɜɵɩɥɚɱɢɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɟɠɟɝɨɞɧɨ ɜ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɧɨɦ ɩɪɨɰɟɧɬɟ ɫ ɫɭɦɦɵ ɱɢɫɬɨɣ ɩɪɢɛɵɥɢ, ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɧɨɣ ɩɟɪɟɫɬɪɚɯɨɜɳɢɤɨɦ ɨɬ ɩɪɨɯɨɠɞɟɧɢɹ ɩɟɪɟɫɬɪɚɯɨɜɨɱɧɵɯ ɞɨɝɨɜɨɪɨɜ, ɜ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɯ ɨɧ ɭɱɚɫɬɜɭɟɬ.

Ɍɚɪɢɮɧɨɟ ɪɭɤɨɜɨɞɫɬɜɨ – ɫɢɫɬɟɦɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɟ ɢɡɥɨɠɟɧɢɟ ɬɚɪɢɮɨɜ, ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɟɦɵɯ ɫɬɪɚɯɨɜɳɢɤɨɦ ɩɪɢ ɡɚɤɥɸɱɟɧɢɢ ɞɨɝɨɜɨɪɨɜ ɫɬɪɚɯɨɜɚɧɢɹ.

ɍ

ɍɛɵɬɨɤ – ɩɨɞɥɟɠɚɳɢɣ ɜɨɡɦɟɳɟɧɢɸ ɫɬɪɚɯɨɜɳɢɤɨɦ ɭɳɟɪɛ, ɩɪɢɱɢɧɟɧɧɵɣ ɨɛɴɟɤɬɭ ɫɬɪɚɯɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɜ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɟ ɫɬɪɚɯɨɜɨɝɨ ɫɥɭɱɚɹ; ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɧɵɣ ɮɚɤɬ ɧɚɫɬɭɩɥɟɧɢɹ ɫɬɪɚɯɨɜɨɝɨ ɫɥɭɱɚɹ (ɪɟɚɥɢɡɚɰɢɹ ɫɬɪɚɯɨɜɨɝɨ ɪɢɫɤɚ); ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬɵ ɢ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɵ ɜ ɚɪɯɢɜɟ ɫɬɪɚɯɨɜɳɢɤɚ, ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɡɭɸɳɢɟ ɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɟ ɨɛɫɬɨɹɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɚ ɢ ɮɚɤɬɵ ɩɨ ɫɬɪɚɯɨɜɨɦɭ ɫɥɭɱɚɸ, ɜɵɞɟɥɟɧɧɵɟ ɜ ɫɚɦɨɫɬɨɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɟ ɞɟɥɨɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɫɬɜɨ ɢ ɩɨɞɬɜɟɪɠɞɚɸɳɢɟ ɨɛɨɫɧɨɜɚɧɧɨɫɬɶ ɜɵɩɥɚɬɵ.

ɍɛɵɬɨɱɧɨɫɬɶ – ɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɟ ɫɭɦɦɵ ɨɩɥɚɱɟɧɧɵɯ ɭɛɵɬɤɨɜ ɡɚ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɧɵɣ ɩɟɪɢɨɞ ɤ ɧɟɬɬɨ-ɩɪɟɦɢɢ ɡɚ ɬɨɬ ɠɟ ɩɟɪɢɨɞ. ɋɥɭɠɢɬ ɩɨɤɚɡɚɬɟɥɟɦ ɩɪɨɯɨɠɞɟɧɢɹ ɞɟɥɚ.

ɍɛɵɬɨɱɧɨɫɬɶ ɫɬɪɚɯɨɜɨɣ ɫɭɦɦɵ – ɷɤɨɧɨɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɩɨɤɚɡɚɬɟɥɶ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ɫɬɪɚɯɨɜɳɢɤɚ, ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɡɭɸɳɢɣ ɫɨɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɟ ɦɟɠɞɭ ɜɵɩɥɚɬɚɦɢ ɫɬɪɚɯɨɜɨɝɨ ɜɨɡɦɟɳɟɧɢɹ ɢ ɫɬɪɚɯɨɜɨɣ ɫɭɦɦɨɣ.

ɍɝɨɧ – ɤɪɚɠɚ ɬɪɚɧɫɩɨɪɬɧɨɝɨ ɫɪɟɞɫɬɜɚ; ɡɚɜɥɚɞɟɧɢɟ ɬɪɚɧɫɩɨɪɬɧɵɦ ɫɪɟɞɫɬɜɨɦ ɛɟɡ ɰɟɥɢ ɩɪɢɫɜɨɟɧɢɹ.

ɍɫɥɨɜɧɚɹ ɮɪɚɧɲɢɡɚ – ɫɬɪɚɯɨɜɳɢɤ ɨɫɜɨɛɨɠɞɚɟɬɫɹ ɨɬ ɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ ɡɚ ɭɳɟɪɛ, ɧɟ ɩɪɟɜɵɲɚɸɳɢɣ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɩɪɨɰɟɧɬɚ ɮɪɚɧɲɢɡɵ, ɢ ɞɨɥɠɟɧ ɜɨɡɦɟɫɬɢɬɶ ɭɳɟɪɛ ɩɨɥɧɨɫɬɶɸ, ɟɫɥɢ ɟɝɨ ɪɚɡɦɟɪ ɛɨɥɶɲɟ ɫɭɦɦɵ ɮɪɚɧɲɢɡɵ.

ɍɳɟɪɛ – ɢɦɭɳɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɟ ɩɨɬɟɪɢ ɫɬɪɚɯɨɜɚɬɟɥɹ, ɜɵɡɜɚɧɧɵɟ ɩɨɜɪɟɠɞɟɧɢɟɦ ɢɥɢ ɭɧɢɱɬɨɠɟɧɢɟɦ ɢɦɭɳɟɫɬɜɚ (ɟɝɨ ɱɚɫɬɟɣ) ɜ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɟ ȾɌɉ, ɩɨɠɚɪɚ, ɫɬɢɯɢɣɧɵɯ ɹɜɥɟɧɢɣ, ɞɪɭɝɢɯ ɩɪɟɞɭɫɦɨɬɪɟɧɧɵɯ ɞɨɝɨɜɨɪɨɦ ɫɬɪɚɯɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɩɪɢɱɢɧ.

ɍɳɟɪɛ ɩɨ ɞɨɩɨɥɧɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɦɭ ɨɛɨɪɭɞɨɜɚɧɢɸ – ɯɢɳɟɧɢɟ, ɩɨɜɪɟɠɞɟɧɢɟ, ɭɧɢɱɬɨ-

ɠɟɧɢɟ ɜ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɟ ȾɌɉ, ɩɨɠɚɪɚ, ɜɡɪɵɜɚ, ɫɬɢɯɢɣɧɵɯ ɹɜɥɟɧɢɣ, ɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɜ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɟ ɩɪɨɬɢɜɨɩɪɚɜɧɵɯ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɣ ɬɪɟɬɶɢɯ ɥɢɰ ɞɨɩɨɥɧɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɨɛɨɪɭɞɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɡɚɫɬɪɚɯɨɜɚɧɧɨɝɨ ɢɦɭɳɟɫɬɜɚ.

Ɏ

Ɏɚɤɭɥɶɬɚɬɢɜɧɨɟ ɩɟɪɟɫɬɪɚɯɨɜɚɧɢɟ – ɦɟɬɨɞ ɩɟɪɟɫɬɪɚɯɨɜɚɧɢɹ, ɩɪɢ ɤɨɬɨɪɨɦ ɰɟɞɟɧɬɭ ɢ ɩɟɪɟɫɬɪɚɯɨɜɳɢɤɭ ɩɪɟɞɨɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɚ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɫɬɶ ɨɰɟɧɤɢ ɪɢɫɤɨɜ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɦɨɝɭɬ ɛɵɬɶ ɩɟɪɟɞɚɧɵ ɜ ɩɟɪɟɫɬɪɚɯɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɩɨɥɧɨɫɬɶɸ ɢɥɢ ɱɚɫɬɢɱɧɨ (ɜ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɧɨɣ ɞɨɥɟ). ɂɡ ɨɛɳɟɝɨ ɤɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɚ ɫɬɪɚɯɭɟɦɵɯ ɜɢɞɨɜ ɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ ɜ ɩɟɪɟɫɬɪɚɯɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɩɨ ɭɫɦɨɬɪɟɧɢɸ ɰɟɞɟɧɬɚ ɦɨɠɟɬ ɛɵɬɶ ɩɪɟɞɥɨɠɟɧ ɤɚɤɨɣ-ɬɨ ɨɞɢɧ ɜɢɞ ɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ. ɉɟɪɟɫɬɪɚɯɨɜɳɢɤ ɦɨɠɟɬ ɩɨɥɧɨɫɬɶɸ ɨɬɤɥɨɧɢɬɶ ɷɬɨ ɩɪɟɞɥɨɠɟɧɢɟ ɢ ɜɵɞɜɢɧɭɬɶ ɜɫɬɪɟɱɧɨɟ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɟ ɞɨɝɨɜɨɪɚ ɮɚɤɭɥɶɬɚɬɢɜɧɨɝɨ ɩɟɪɟɫɬɪɚɯɨɜɚɧɢɹ.

Ɏɪɚɧɱɚɣɡɢɧɝ – ɫɦɟɲɚɧɧɚɹ ɮɨɪɦɚ ɤɪɭɩɧɨɝɨ ɢ ɦɟɥɤɨɝɨ ɩɪɟɞɩɪɢɧɢɦɚɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɚ, ɩɪɢ ɤɨɬɨɪɨɣ ɤɪɭɩɧɵɟ ɤɨɪɩɨɪɚɰɢɢ, ɤɨɦɩɚɧɢɢ (ɮɪɚɧɱɚɣɡɟɪɵ) ɡɚɤɥɸɱɚɸɬ ɞɨɝɨɜɨɪ ɫ ɦɟɥɤɢɦɢ ɮɢɪɦɚɦɢ, «ɞɨɱɟɪɧɢɦɢ» ɤɨɦɩɚɧɢɹɦɢ, ɛɢɡɧɟɫɦɟɧɚɦɢ (ɮɪɚɧɱɚɣɡɢ) ɧɚ ɩɪɚɜɨ,

177

ɩɪɢɜɢɥɟɝɢɸ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɨɜɚɬɶ ɨɬ ɢɦɟɧɢ ɮɪɚɧɱɚɣɡɟɪɚ. ɉɪɢ ɷɬɨɦ ɦɟɥɤɚɹ ɮɢɪɦɚ ɨɛɹɡɚɧɚ ɨɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɥɹɬɶ ɫɜɨɣ ɛɢɡɧɟɫ ɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɜ ɮɨɪɦɟ, ɩɪɟɞɩɢɫɚɧɧɨɣ «ɪɨɞɢɬɟɥɶɫɤɨɣ» ɤɨɦɩɚɧɢɟɣ, ɜ ɬɟɱɟɧɢɟ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɜɪɟɦɟɧɢ ɢ ɜ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɧɨɦ ɦɟɫɬɟ. ȼ ɫɜɨɸ ɨɱɟɪɟɞɶ ɮɪɚɧɱɚɣɡɟɪ ɨɛɹɡɭɟɬɫɹ ɫɧɚɛɠɚɬɶ ɮɪɚɧɱɚɣɡɢ ɬɨɜɚɪɚɦɢ, ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɟɣ, ɨɤɚɡɵɜɚɬɶ ɜɫɹɱɟɫɤɨɟ ɫɨɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɟ ɜ ɛɢɡɧɟɫɟ, ɞɚɟɬ ɫɜɨɟɦɭ ɦɥɚɞɲɟɦɭ ɩɚɪɬɧɟɪɭ ɩɪɚɜɨ ɬɨɪɝɨɜɚɬɶ ɫɜɨɟɣ ɩɪɨɞɭɤɰɢɟɣ ɩɨɞ ɦɚɪɤɨɣ ɮɪɚɧɱɚɣɡɟɪɚ.

Ɏɪɚɧɲɢɡɚ (ɨɬ ɮɪ. franchise – ɥɶɝɨɬɚ, ɜɨɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ) – 1) ɩɪɟɞɭɫɦɨɬɪɟɧɧɚɹ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɹɦɢ ɞɨɝɨɜɨɪɚ ɫɬɪɚɯɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɱɚɫɬɶ ɭɛɵɬɤɨɜ ɥɢɰɚ, ɫɬɪɚɯɭɸɳɟɝɨ ɢɦɭɳɟɫɬɜɨ, ɧɟ ɩɨɞɥɟɠɚɳɚɹ ɜɨɡɦɟɳɟɧɢɸ ɫɨ ɫɬɨɪɨɧɵ ɫɬɪɚɯɨɜɳɢɤɚ. ɍɫɬɚɧɚɜɥɢɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɥɢɛɨ ɜ ɩɪɨɰɟɧɬɚɯ ɤ ɫɬɪɚɯɨɜɨɣ ɫɭɦɦɟ, ɥɢɛɨ ɜ ɚɛɫɨɥɸɬɧɨɦ ɪɚɡɦɟɪɟ; 2) ɩɪɚɜɨ ɧɚ ɮɪɚɧɱɚɣɡɢɧɝ, ɬɨ ɟɫɬɶ ɧɚ ɫɨɡɞɚɧɢɟ ɤɨɦɦɟɪɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɩɪɟɞɩɪɢɹɬɢɹ, ɬɨɪɝɭɸɳɟɝɨ ɩɪɨɞɭɤɰɢɟɣ ɫɜɨɟɝɨ ɫɬɚɪɲɟɝɨ ɩɚɪɬɧɟɪɚ; 3) ɩɪɟɞɩɪɢɹɬɢɟ, ɫɨɡɞɚɧɧɨɟ ɧɚ ɨɫɧɨɜɟ ɮɪɚɧɱɚɣɡɢɧɝɚ.

Ɏɪɨɧɬɢɧɝ – ɨɮɨɪɦɥɟɧɢɟ ɫɬɪɚɯɨɜɨɝɨ ɩɨɥɢɫɚ ɤɨɦɩɚɧɢɟɣ, ɩɟɪɟɞɚɸɳɟɣ ɪɢɫɤ ɞɪɭɝɨɦɭ ɫɬɪɚɯɨɜɳɢɤɭ.

Ɏɪɨɧɬɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ – ɩɪɢɟɦ ɧɚ ɫɬɪɚɯɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɢɥɢ ɜ ɩɟɪɟɫɬɪɚɯɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɪɢɫɤɨɜ ɜ ɰɟɥɹɯ ɩɟɪɟɞɚɱɢ ɢɯ ɩɨɥɧɨɫɬɶɸ (100 %) ɞɪɭɝɢɦ ɫɬɪɚɯɨɜɵɦ ɢɥɢ ɩɟɪɟɫɬɪɚɯɨɜɨɱɧɵɦ ɤɨɦɩɚɧɢɹɦ, ɱɚɫɬɨ ɩɨ ɩɪɨɫɶɛɟ ɩɨɫɥɟɞɧɢɯ ɡɚ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɭɸɳɟɟ ɜɨɡɧɚɝɪɚɠɞɟɧɢɟ.

ɏ

ɏɢɳɟɧɢɟ – ɫɨɜɟɪɲɟɧɧɨɟ ɫ ɤɨɪɵɫɬɧɨɣ ɰɟɥɶɸ ɩɪɨɬɢɜɨɩɪɚɜɧɨɟ ɛɟɡɜɨɡɦɟɡɞɧɨɟ ɢɡɴɹɬɢɟ ɢ (ɢɥɢ) ɨɛɪɚɳɟɧɢɟ ɱɭɠɨɝɨ ɢɦɭɳɟɫɬɜɚ ɜ ɩɨɥɶɡɭ ɜɢɧɨɜɧɨɝɨ ɢɥɢ ɞɪɭɝɢɯ ɥɢɰ, ɩɪɢɱɢɧɢɜɲɟɟ ɭɳɟɪɛ ɫɨɛɫɬɜɟɧɧɢɤɭ ɢɥɢ ɢɧɨɦɭ ɜɥɚɞɟɥɶɰɭ ɷɬɨɝɨ ɢɦɭɳɟɫɬɜɚ (ɫɬ. 158 ɍɄ ɊɎ ɩɪɢɦɟɱɚɧɢɟ 1).

ɐ

ɐɟɫɫɢɨɧɚɪɢɣ – 1) ɩɪɚɜɨɩɪɟɟɦɧɢɤ, ɤɨɬɨɪɨɦɭ ɩɟɪɟɞɚɟɬɫɹ ɩɪɚɜɨ ɧɚ ɨɩɟɪɚɰɢɢ ɫ ɮɢɧɚɧɫɨɜɵɦɢ ɰɟɧɧɨɫɬɹɦɢ ɢɥɢ ɧɚ ɫɨɛɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɫɬɶ; 2) ɥɢɰɨ, ɫɬɚɧɨɜɹɳɟɟɫɹ ɤɪɟɞɢɬɨɪɨɦ ɜ ɫɢɥɭ ɩɟɪɟɞɚɱɢ ɟɦɭ ɩɪɚɜɚ ɬɪɟɛɨɜɚɧɢɹ; 3) ɫɬɪɚɯɨɜɚɹ ɤɨɦɩɚɧɢɹ, ɩɪɢɧɢɦɚɸɳɚɹ ɪɢɫɤ ɧɚ ɩɟɪɟɫɬɪɚɯɨɜɚɧɢɟ (ɩɟɪɟɫɬɪɚɯɨɜɳɢɤ). ɋɦ. ɬɚɤɠɟ ɐɟɫɫɢɹ.

ɐɟɫɫɢɹ (ɥɚɬ. cessio – ɩɟɪɟɞɚɱɚ) – 1) ɜ ɝɪɚɠɞɚɧɫɤɨɦ ɩɪɚɜɟ – ɭɫɬɭɩɤɚ, ɩɟɪɟɞɚɱɚ ɞɪɭɝɢɦ ɥɢɰɚɦ ɫɜɨɟɝɨ ɩɪɚɜɚ ɧɚ ɨɛɥɚɞɚɧɢɟ ɫɨɛɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɫɬɶɸ, ɫɪɟɞɫɬɜɚɦɢ ɢɥɢ ɧɚ ɢɯ ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɢɟ (ɭɫɬɭɩɤɚ ɬɪɟɛɨɜɚɧɢɹ). ɇɚɩɪɢɦɟɪ, ɤɪɟɞɢɬɨɪ (ɰɟɞɟɧɬ) ɦɨɠɟɬ ɩɟɪɟɞɚɬɶ ɫɜɨɟ ɩɪɚɜɨ ɧɚ ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɢɟ ɞɨɥɝɚ ɞɪɭɝɨɦɭ ɥɢɰɭ (ɰɟɫɫɢɨɧɚɪɢɸ); ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɟɬɫɹ ɤɚɤ ɨɛɨɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɟ ɩɟɪɟɞɚɱɢ ɪɢɫɤɚ ɧɚ ɩɟɪɟɫɬɪɚɯɨɜɚɧɢɟ; 2) ɜ ɦɟɠɞɭɧɚɪɨɞɧɨɦ ɩɪɚɜɟ – ɩɟɪɟɞɚɱɚ ɬɟɪɪɢɬɨɪɢɢ ɨɞɧɨɝɨ ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɚ ɞɪɭɝɨɦɭ ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɭ ɩɨ ɫɨɝɥɚɲɟɧɢɸ ɦɟɠɞɭ ɧɢɦɢ.

ɑ

ɑɚɪɬɟɪ (ɚɧɝɥ. charter – ɮɪɚɯɬɨɜɚɬɶ) – ɞɨɝɨɜɨɪ ɮɪɚɯɬɨɜɚɧɢɹ – ɫɨɝɥɚɲɟɧɢɟ ɦɟɠɞɭ ɜɥɚɞɟɥɶɰɟɦ ɬɪɚɧɫɩɨɪɬɧɨɝɨ ɫɪɟɞɫɬɜɚ (ɫɭɞɧɚ, ɫɚɦɨɥɟɬɚ) ɢ ɧɚɧɢɦɚɬɟɥɟɦ (ɮɪɚɯɬɨɜɚɬɟɥɟɦ) ɷɬɨɝɨ ɫɪɟɞɫɬɜɚ ɨɛ ɚɪɟɧɞɟ ɬɪɚɧɫɩɨɪɬɧɨɝɨ ɫɪɟɞɫɬɜɚ, ɨ ɧɚɣɦɟ ɜɫɟɝɨ ɫɭɞɧɚ ɢɥɢ ɱɚɫɬɢ ɟɝɨ ɩɨɦɟɳɟɧɢɣ ɞɥɹ ɩɟɪɟɜɨɡɤɢ ɝɪɭɡɚ, ɩɚɫɫɚɠɢɪɨɜ, ɛɚɝɚɠɚ ɧɚ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɧɵɣ ɫɪɨɤ ɢɥɢ ɧɚ ɨɞɢɧ ɪɟɣɫ.

ɑɚɫɬɢɱɧɵɣ ɭɛɵɬɨɤ – ɥɸɛɨɣ ɭɛɵɬɨɤ ɜ ɡɚɫɬɪɚɯɨɜɚɧɧɨɦ ɢɦɭɳɟɫɬɜɟ, ɫɭɦɦɚ ɤɨɬɨɪɨɝɨ ɧɟ ɞɨɫɬɢɝɥɚ ɩɨɥɧɨɣ ɫɬɪɚɯɨɜɨɣ ɫɭɦɦɵ, ɬ.ɟ. ɧɟ ɢɦɟɟɬ ɦɟɫɬɨ ɩɨɥɧɚɹ ɝɢɛɟɥɶ.

ɑɚɫɬɶ ɭɱɚɫɬɢɹ (ɞɨɥɹ) – ɜɵɪɚɠɟɧɢɟ ɩɪɢɦɟɧɹɟɬɫɹ ɜ ɩɪɚɤɬɢɤɟ ɩɟɪɟɫɬɪɚɯɨɜɚɧɢɹ, ɤɨɝɞɚ ɩɟɪɜɨɧɚɱɚɥɶɧɵɣ ɫɬɪɚɯɨɜɳɢɤ ɭɞɟɪɠɢɜɚɟɬ ɧɚ ɫɜɨɟɣ ɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ ɱɚɫɬɶ ɪɢɫɤɚ ɢ ɨɫɬɚɥɶɧɭɸ ɱɚɫɬɶ ɩɟɪɟɞɚɟɬ ɜ ɩɟɪɟɫɬɪɚɯɨɜɚɧɢɟ.

178

ɑɢɫɬɵɟ ɪɢɫɤɢ ɫɜɹɡɚɧɵ ɫɨ ɫɥɭɱɚɣɧɵɦɢ ɫɨɛɵɬɢɹɦɢ, ɜɥɟɤɭɳɢɦɢ ɡɚ ɫɨɛɨɣ ɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɭɛɵɬɤɢ ɢɥɢ ɫɢɬɭɚɰɢɸ, ɩɪɢ ɤɨɬɨɪɨɣ ɩɨɥɨɠɟɧɢɟ ɨɫɬɚɟɬɫɹ ɬɟɦ ɠɟ ɫɚɦɵɦ, ɧɟ ɭɥɭɱɲɚɟɬɫɹ. ɗɬɨ ɪɢɫɤɢ ɞɨɪɨɠɧɨ-ɬɪɚɧɫɩɨɪɬɧɵɯ ɩɪɨɢɫɲɟɫɬɜɢɣ, ɤɪɚɠɢ, ɩɨɠɚɪɵ ɢ ɬ.ɞ.

ɑɪɟɡɜɵɱɚɣɧɚɹ ɫɢɬɭɚɰɢɹ – ɨɛɫɬɚɧɨɜɤɚ ɧɚ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɧɨɣ ɬɟɪɪɢɬɨɪɢɢ, ɫɥɨɠɢɜɲɚɹɫɹ ɜ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɟ ɚɜɚɪɢɢ, ɨɩɚɫɧɨɝɨ ɩɪɢɪɨɞɧɨɝɨ ɹɜɥɟɧɢɹ, ɤɚɬɚɫɬɪɨɮɵ, ɫɬɢɯɢɣɧɨɝɨ ɢɥɢ ɢɧɨɝɨ ɛɟɞɫɬɜɢɹ, ɤɨɬɨɪɚɹ ɦɨɠɟɬ ɩɨɜɥɟɱɶ ɢɥɢ ɭɠɟ ɩɨɜɥɟɤɥɚ ɡɚ ɫɨɛɨɣ ɱɟɥɨɜɟɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɠɟɪɬɜɵ, ɭɳɟɪɛ ɡɞɨɪɨɜɶɸ ɥɸɞɟɣ ɢɥɢ ɨɤɪɭɠɚɸɳɟɣ ɩɪɢɪɨɞɧɨɣ ɫɪɟɞɟ, ɡɧɚɱɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɟ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɶɧɵɟ ɩɨɬɟɪɢ ɢ ɧɚɪɭɲɟɧɢɟ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɣ ɠɢɡɧɟɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ɥɸɞɟɣ.

ɒ

ɒɨɦɚɠ – ɫɬɪɚɯɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɩɨɬɟɪɶ ɩɪɢɛɵɥɢ ɢ ɞɪɭɝɢɯ ɮɢɧɚɧɫɨɜɵɯ ɭɛɵɬɤɨɜ, ɜɨɡɧɢɤɚɸɳɢɯ ɜ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɟ ɩɟɪɟɪɵɜɨɜ ɢ ɨɫɬɚɧɨɜɤɢ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɫɬɜɚ ɩɨ ɩɪɢɱɢɧɚɦ, ɫɜɹɡɚɧɧɵɦ ɫɨ ɫɬɢɯɢɣɧɵɦɢ ɛɟɞɫɬɜɢɹɦɢ, ɧɚɩɪɢɦɟɪ, ɩɨɠɚɪɚɦɢ ɢ ɬ.ɩ.

ɗ

ɗɤɫɰɟɞɟɧɬ – ɜ ɫɬɪɚɯɨɜɚɧɢɢ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɚ ɩɟɪɟɫɬɪɚɯɨɜɚɧɢɹ, ɫɨɝɥɚɫɧɨ ɤɨɬɨɪɨɣ ɫɬɪɚɯɨɜɚɹ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɹ ɩɟɪɟɞɚɟɬ ɜ ɩɟɪɟɫɬɪɚɯɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɱɚɫɬɶ ɪɢɫɤɨɜ, ɩɪɢɧɹɬɵɯ ɧɚ ɫɬɪɚɯɨɜɚɧɢɟ.

ɗɤɫɰɟɞɟɧɬ ɭɛɵɬɤɚ – ɱɚɫɬɶ ɫɬɪɚɯɨɜɨɣ ɫɭɦɦɵ, ɩɪɟɜɵɲɚɸɳɚɹ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɧɵɣ ɪɚɡɦɟɪ ɩɨ ɨɞɧɨɣ ɤɚɬɟɝɨɪɢɢ ɪɢɫɤɚ. ɉɟɪɟɫɬɪɚɯɨɜɵɜɚɟɦɚɹ ɫɭɦɦɚ ɨɛɵɱɧɨ ɨɝɪɚɧɢɱɢɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɧɵɦ ɥɢɦɢɬɨɦ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɣ ɩɪɢɧɹɬɨ ɧɚɡɵɜɚɬɶ «ɷɤɫɰɟɞɟɧɬɨɦ». ɗɤɫɰɟɞɟɧɬ ɨɛɵɱɧɨ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɟɬ ɭɜɟɥɢɱɟɧɧɭɸ ɜ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɧɨɟ ɱɢɫɥɨ ɪɚɡ ɫɭɦɦɭ ɫɨɛɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɭɞɟɪɠɚɧɢɹ ɩɟɪɟɞɚɸɳɟɣ ɤɨɦɩɚɧɢɢ.

ɗɤɫɰɟɞɟɧɬ ɭɛɵɬɨɱɧɨɫɬɢ – ɧɟɩɪɨɩɨɪɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɵɣ ɩɟɪɟɫɬɪɚɯɨɜɨɱɧɵɣ ɞɨɝɨɜɨɪ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɣ ɡɚɳɢɳɚɟɬ ɨɛɳɢɟ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɵ ɩɪɨɯɨɠɞɟɧɢɹ ɞɟɥɚ ɧɚ ɫɥɭɱɚɣ, ɟɫɥɢ ɭɛɵɬɨɱɧɨɫɬɶ ɩɨ ɡɚɳɢɳɚɟɦɨɦɭ ɜɢɞɭ ɫɬɪɚɯɨɜɚɧɢɣ ɩɪɟɜɵɫɢɬ ɨɛɭɫɥɨɜɥɟɧɧɵɣ ɜ ɞɨɝɨɜɨɪɟ ɩɪɨɰɟɧɬ.

179

ȻɂȻɅɂɈȽɊȺɎɂɑȿɋɄɂɃ ɋɉɂɋɈɄ

Ƚɪɚɠɞɚɧɫɤɢɣ ɤɨɞɟɤɫ Ɋɨɫɫɢɣɫɤɨɣ Ɏɟɞɟɪɚɰɢɢ (ɑɚɫɬɶ ɜɬɨɪɚɹ): Ɏɟɞɟɪɚɥɶɧɵɣ ɡɚɤɨɧ ɨɬ 26 ɹɧɜɚɪɹ 1996 ɝ. ʋ 14-ɎɁ (ɪɟɞ. ɨɬ 14.06.2012 ɝ.).

ɍɝɨɥɨɜɧɵɣ ɤɨɞɟɤɫ Ɋɨɫɫɢɣɫɤɨɣ Ɏɟɞɟɪɚɰɢɢ: Ɏɟɞɟɪɚɥɶɧɵɣ ɡɚɤɨɧ ɨɬ

13 ɢɸɧɹ 1996 ɝ. ʋ 63-ɎɁ (ɪɟɞ. ɨɬ 30.12.2012 ɝ.).

Ɂɚɤɨɧ ɊɎ ɨɬ 27 ɧɨɹɛɪɹ 1992 ɝ. ʋ 4015-1 «Ɉɛ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɫɬɪɚɯɨɜɨɝɨ ɞɟɥɚ ɜ Ɋɨɫɫɢɣɫɤɨɣ Ɏɟɞɟɪɚɰɢɢ» (ɪɟɞ. ɨɬ 04.06.2014 ɝ.).

Ɏɟɞɟɪɚɥɶɧɵɣ ɡɚɤɨɧ ɨɬ 29 ɧɨɹɛɪɹ 2010 ɝ. ʋ 326-ɎɁ «Ɉɛ ɨɛɹɡɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɦ ɦɟɞɢɰɢɧɫɤɨɦ ɫɬɪɚɯɨɜɚɧɢɢ ɜ Ɋɨɫɫɢɣɫɤɨɣ Ɏɟɞɟɪɚɰɢɢ» (ɫ ɢɡɦ. ɢ ɞɨɩ., ɜɫɬɭɩɢɜɲɢɦɢ ɜ ɫɢɥɭ ɫ 01.01.2013 ɝ.).

ɉɪɢɤɚɡ Ɇɢɧɮɢɧɚ Ɋɨɫɫɢɢ ɨɬ 02.11.2001 ɝ. ʋ 90ɧ «Ɉɛ ɭɬɜɟɪɠɞɟɧɢɢ ɩɨɥɨɠɟɧɢɹ ɨ ɩɨɪɹɞɤɟ ɪɚɫɱɟɬɚ ɫɬɪɚɯɨɜɳɢɤɚɦɢ ɧɨɪɦɚɬɢɜɧɨɝɨ ɫɨɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɹ ɚɤɬɢɜɨɜ ɢ ɩɪɢɧɹɬɵɯ ɢɦɢ ɫɬɪɚɯɨɜɵɯ ɨɛɹɡɚɬɟɥɶɫɬɜ» (ɪɟɞ. ɨɬ

08.02.2012 ɝ.).

ɉɪɢɤɚɡ Ɇɢɧɮɢɧɚ Ɋɨɫɫɢɢ ɨɬ 11.06.2002 ɝ. ʋ 51ɧ «Ɉɛ ɭɬɜɟɪɠɞɟɧɢɢ ɩɪɚɜɢɥ ɮɨɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɫɬɪɚɯɨɜɵɯ ɪɟɡɟɪɜɨɜ ɩɨ ɫɬɪɚɯɨɜɚɧɢɸ ɢɧɨɦɭ, ɱɟɦ ɫɬɪɚɯɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɠɢɡɧɢ» (ɪɟɞ. ɨɬ 08.02.2012 ɝ.).

ɉɪɢɤɚɡ Ɇɢɧɮɢɧɚ Ɋɨɫɫɢɢ ɨɬ 02.07.2012 ɝ. ʋ 100ɧ «Ɉɛ ɭɬɜɟɪɠɞɟɧɢɢ ɉɨɪɹɞɤɚ ɪɚɡɦɟɳɟɧɢɹ ɫɬɪɚɯɨɜɳɢɤɚɦɢ ɫɪɟɞɫɬɜ ɫɬɪɚɯɨɜɵɯ ɪɟɡɟɪ-

ɜɨɜ» (ɪɟɞ. ɨɬ 29.10.2012 ɝ.).

Ɋɚɫɩɨɪɹɠɟɧɢɟ Ɋɨɫɫɬɪɚɯɧɚɞɡɨɪɚ ʋ 02-03-36 ɨɬ 08.07.1993 ɝ. «Ɇɟɬɨɞɢɤɢ ɪɚɫɱɟɬɚ ɬɚɪɢɮɧɵɯ ɫɬɚɜɨɤ ɩɨ ɪɢɫɤɨɜɵɦ ɜɢɞɚɦ ɫɬɪɚɯɨɜɚɧɢɹ».

Ƚɚɥɚɝɚɧɨɜ, ȼ. ɉ. Ɉɫɧɨɜɵ ɫɬɪɚɯɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɢ ɫɬɪɚɯɨɜɨɝɨ ɞɟɥɚ / ȼ. ɉ. Ƚɚɥɚɝɚɧɨɜ. – Ɇ. : ɄɇɈɊɍɋ, 2010. – 224 ɫ.

ȿɪɦɚɫɨɜ, ɋ. ȼ. ɋɬɪɚɯɨɜɚɧɢɟ : ɭɱɟɛ. / ɋ. ȼ. ȿɪɦɚɫɨɜ, ɇ. Ȼ. ȿɪɦɚɫɨɜɚ. – 3-ɟ ɢɡɞ., ɩɟɪɟɪɚɛ. ɢ ɞɨɩ. – Ɇ. : ɘɪɚɣɬ, 2010. – 703 ɫ.

ɂɜɚɫɟɧɤɨ, Ⱥ. Ƚ. ɋɬɪɚɯɨɜɚɧɢɟ / Ⱥ. Ƚ. ɂɜɚɫɟɧɤɨ, ə. ɂ. ɇɢɤɨɧɨɜɚ. –

Ɇ. : ɄɇɈɊɍɋ, 2009. – 320 ɫ.

Ʉɚɛɚɧɰɟɜɚ, ɇ. Ƚ. Ɉɫɧɨɜɵ ɫɬɪɚɯɨɜɚɧɢɹ. Ɇɢɪɨɜɨɟ ɫɬɪɚɯɨɜɨɟ ɯɨɡɹɣɫɬɜɨ : ɭɱɟɛ. ɩɨɫɨɛɢɟ / ɇ. Ƚ. Ʉɚɛɚɧɰɟɜɚ, ɋ. ȼ. ɋɬɟɩɚɧɨɜɚ. – Ɇ. : ɂɡɞ-ɜɨ ɊȽɌɗɍ, 2006. – 180 ɫ.

ɇɢɤɭɥɢɧɚ, ɇ. ɇ. ɋɬɪɚɯɨɜɚɧɢɟ. ɉɪɚɤɬɢɤɭɦ : ɭɱɟɛ. ɩɨɫɨɛɢɟ ɞɥɹ ɫɬɭɞɟɧɬɨɜ ɜɭɡɨɜ, ɨɛɭɱɚɸɳɢɯɫɹ ɩɨ ɫɩɟɰɢɚɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ «Ɏɢɧɚɧɫɵ ɢ ɤɪɟɞɢɬ», «Ȼɭɯɝɚɥɬɟɪɫɤɢɣ ɭɱɟɬ, ɚɧɚɥɢɡ ɢ ɚɭɞɢɬ» / ɇ. ɇ. ɇɢɤɭɥɢɧɚ, ɋ. ȼ. Ȼɟɪɟ-

ɡɢɧɚ. – Ɇ. : ɘɇɂɌɂ-ȾȺɇȺ, 2008. – 271 ɫ.

ɉɪɨɫɜɟɬɨɜ, Ƚ. ɂ. ɋɬɪɚɯɨɜɚɧɢɟ: ɡɚɞɚɱɢ ɢ ɪɟɲɟɧɢɹ : ɭɱɟɛ.-ɩɪɚɤɬ. ɩɨɫɨɛɢɟ. – Ɇ. : Ⱥɥɶɮɚ-ɉɪɟɫɫ, 2008. – 208 ɫ.

180