2113

ɜɵɩɥɚɬɵ ɟɝɨ ɧɚ ɤɨɦɩɪɨɦɢɫɫɧɨɣ ɨɫɧɨɜɟ ɜ ɡɚɜɢɫɢɦɨɫɬɢ ɨɬ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɚ ɢ ɪɚɡɦɟɪɚ ɭɛɵɬɤɚ. Ƚɪɭɛɚɹ ɜɢɧɚ ɦɨɠɟɬ ɩɪɨɹɜɢɬɶɫɹ, ɧɚɩɪɢɦɟɪ, ɜ ɧɟɫɨɛɥɸɞɟɧɢɢ ɫɬɪɚɯɨɜɚɬɟɥɟɦ ɨɛɹɡɚɧɧɨɫɬɟɣ ɩɨ ɫɨɯɪɚɧɧɨɫɬɢ ɨɛɴɟɤɬɚ ɫɬɪɚɯɨɜɚɧɢɹ. ɇɟɨɫɬɨɪɨɠɧɨɫɬɶ ɢɥɢ ɧɟɛɪɟɠɧɨɫɬɶ ɫɨ ɫɬɨɪɨɧɵ ɫɬɪɚɯɨɜɚɬɟɥɹ, ɟɫɥɢ ɨɧɢ ɧɟ ɢɦɟɸɬ ɞɨɫɬɚɬɨɱɧɨ ɫɟɪɶɟɡɧɵɯ ɩɨɫɥɟɞɫɬɜɢɣ, ɦɨɝɭɬ ɪɚɫɫɦɚɬɪɢɜɚɬɶɫɹ ɫɬɪɚɯɨɜɳɢɤɨɦ ɜ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɟ ɢɡɜɢɧɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɩɪɢɱɢɧ ɩɪɢ ɪɟɲɟɧɢɢ ɜɨɩɪɨɫɚ ɨ ɜɵɩɥɚɬɟ ɫɬɪɚɯɨɜɨɝɨ ɜɨɡɦɟɳɟɧɢɹ.

ȼɨɡɦɟɳɟɧɢɟ ɫɬɪɚɯɨɜɨɟ – ɫɭɦɦɚ, ɜɵɩɥɚɱɢɜɚɟɦɚɹ ɫɬɪɚɯɨɜɳɢɤɨɦ ɫɬɪɚɯɨɜɚɬɟɥɸ ɩɨ ɢɦɭɳɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɦɭ ɫɬɪɚɯɨɜɚɧɢɸ ɢ ɫɬɪɚɯɨɜɚɧɢɸ ɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ ɜ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɟ ɜɨɡɦɟɳɟɧɢɹ ɭɳɟɪɛɚ ɩɪɢ ɫɬɪɚɯɨɜɨɦ ɫɥɭɱɚɟ. ȼɨɡɦɟɳɟɧɢɟ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɢɬɫɹ ɩɨ ɡɚɹɜɥɟɧɢɸ ɫɬɪɚɯɨɜɚɬɟɥɹ ɧɚ ɨɫɧɨɜɟ ɫɬɪɚɯɨɜɨɝɨ ɚɤɬɚ. ɋɬɪɚɯɨɜɨɟ ɜɨɡɦɟɳɟɧɢɟ ɧɟ ɦɨɠɟɬ ɩɪɟɜɵɲɚɬɶ ɪɚɡɦɟɪɚ ɩɪɹɦɨɝɨ ɭɳɟɪɛɚ ɡɚɫɬɪɚɯɨɜɚɧɧɨɦɭ ɢɦɭɳɟɫɬɜɭ ɫɬɪɚɯɨɜɚɬɟɥɹ ɢɥɢ ɬɪɟɬɶɟɝɨ ɥɢɰɚ, ɟɫɥɢ ɞɨɝɨɜɨɪɨɦ ɧɟ ɩɪɟɞɭɫɦɨɬɪɟɧɚ ɜɵɩɥɚɬɚ ɫɬɪɚɯɨɜɨɝɨ ɜɨɡɦɟɳɟɧɢɹ ɜ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɧɨɣ ɫɭɦɦɟ. ȼ ɬɨɦ ɫɥɭɱɚɟ, ɤɨɝɞɚ ɫɬɪɚɯɨɜɚɹ ɫɭɦɦɚ ɧɢɠɟ ɫɬɪɚɯɨɜɨɣ ɫɬɨɢɦɨɫɬɢ ɢɦɭɳɟɫɬɜɚ, ɪɚɡɦɟɪ ɫɬɪɚɯɨɜɨɝɨ ɜɨɡɦɟɳɟɧɢɹ ɫɨɤɪɚɳɚɟɬɫɹ ɩɪɨɩɨɪɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɨ ɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɸ ɫɬɪɚɯɨɜɨɣ ɫɭɦɦɵ ɤ ɫɬɪɚɯɨɜɨɣ ɫɬɨɢɦɨɫɬɢ ɢɦɭɳɟɫɬɜɚ, ɟɫɥɢ ɧɟ ɩɪɟɞɭɫɦɨɬɪɟɧɨ ɢɧɨɟ.

ȼɨɡɦɟɳɟɧɢɟ ɭɛɵɬɤɚ – ɩɨɥɧɨɟ ɢɥɢ ɱɚɫɬɢɱɧɨɟ ɜɨɡɦɟɳɟɧɢɟ ɫɬɪɚɯɨɜɳɢɤɨɦ ɭɳɟɪɛɚ ɫɬɪɚɯɨɜɚɬɟɥɸ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɣ ɩɨɫɥɟɞɧɢɣ ɩɨɧɟɫ ɜ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɟ ɝɢɛɟɥɢ ɢɥɢ ɩɨɜɪɟɠɞɟɧɢɹ ɡɚɫɬɪɚɯɨɜɚɧɧɨɝɨ ɢɦɭɳɟɫɬɜɚ ɜɫɥɟɞɫɬɜɢɟ ɫɬɢɯɢɣɧɵɯ ɛɟɞɫɬɜɢɣ ɢɥɢ ɞɪɭɝɢɯ ɩɪɢɱɢɧ, ɩɨɤɪɵɬɵɯ ɫɬɪɚɯɨɜɚɧɢɟɦ. ȼ ɢɦɭɳɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɦ ɫɬɪɚɯɨɜɚɧɢɢ ɭɛɵɬɨɤ ɜɨɡɦɟɳɚɟɬɫɹ ɫɬɪɚɯɨɜɚɬɟɥɸ ɢɥɢ ɞɪɭɝɨɦɭ ɥɢɰɭ ɩɨ ɟɝɨ ɩɪɢɤɚɡɭ. ɉɪɢ ɫɬɪɚɯɨɜɚɧɢɢ ɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ ɩɟɪɟɞ ɬɪɟɬɶɢɦɢ ɥɢɰɚɦɢ ɫɬɪɚɯɨɜɨɟ ɜɨɡɦɟɳɟɧɢɟ ɜɵɩɥɚɱɢɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɥɢɰɭ, ɤɨɬɨɪɨɦɭ ɧɚɧɟɫɟɧ ɭɳɟɪɛ ɫɬɪɚɯɨɜɚɬɟɥɟɦ.

ȼɪɟɦɟɧɧɚɹ ɭɬɪɚɬɚ ɬɪɭɞɨɫɩɨɫɨɛɧɨɫɬɢ – ɧɟɬɪɭɞɨɫɩɨɫɨɛɧɨɫɬɶ, ɫɨɩɪɨɜɨɠɞɚɸɳɚɹɫɹ ɨɫɜɨɛɨɠɞɟɧɢɟɦ ɨɬ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ ɧɚ ɫɪɨɤ, ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɵɣ ɞɥɹ ɩɪɨɜɟɞɟɧɢɹ ɥɟɱɟɧɢɹ ɢ ɜɨɫɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɪɚɛɨɬɨɫɩɨɫɨɛɧɨɫɬɢ.

ȼɫɬɪɟɱɧɵɣ ɢɫɤ – ɬɪɟɛɨɜɚɧɢɟ, ɩɪɟɞɴɹɜɥɹɟɦɨɟ ɨɞɧɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɨ ɨɬɜɟɬɱɢɤɨɦ ɤ ɢɫɬɰɭ. Ɍɚɤɨɟ ɬɪɟɛɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɦɨɠɟɬ ɩɪɟɞɴɹɜɥɹɬɶɫɹ ɢɫɯɨɞɹ ɢɡ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɭɸɳɢɯ ɨɛɹɡɚɬɟɥɶɫɬɜ ɫɬɨɪɨɧ.

ȼɵɝɨɞɨɩɪɢɨɛɪɟɬɚɬɟɥɶ – ɡɚɜɟɳɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɟ ɥɢɰɨ, ɬ.ɟ. ɩɨɥɭɱɚɬɟɥɶ ɫɬɪɚɯɨɜɨɣ ɫɭɦɦɵ ɩɨɫɥɟ ɫɦɟɪɬɢ ɡɚɜɟɳɚɬɟɥɹ. ɇɚɡɧɚɱɚɟɬɫɹ ɫɬɪɚɯɨɜɚɬɟɥɟɦ (ɡɚɫɬɪɚɯɨɜɚɧɧɵɦ) ɧɚ ɫɥɭɱɚɣ ɟɝɨ ɫɦɟɪɬɢ ɜ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɟ ɫɬɪɚɯɨɜɨɝɨ ɫɥɭɱɚɹ.

ȼɵɤɭɩɧɚɹ ɫɭɦɦɚ – ɫɭɦɦɚ ɜ ɧɚɥɢɱɧɵɯ ɞɟɧɶɝɚɯ, ɧɚ ɤɨɬɨɪɭɸ ɢɦɟɟɬ ɩɪɚɜɨ ɫɬɪɚɯɨɜɚɬɟɥɶ ɜ ɫɥɭɱɚɟ ɞɨɫɪɨɱɧɨɝɨ ɩɪɟɤɪɚɳɟɧɢɹ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹ ɟɝɨ ɩɨɥɢɫɚ, ɱɚɫɬɨ ɜɵɫɱɢɬɵɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɩɪɢ ɪɚɫɫɪɨɱɤɟ ɩɥɚɬɟɠɚ. ɗɬɨ ɤɚɫɚɟɬɫɹ ɥɢɲɶ ɩɨɥɢɫɨɜ ɫɬɪɚɯɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɠɢɡɧɢ. Ɉɛɵɱɧɨ ɜɵɱɢɫɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɤɚɤ ɫɭɦɦɚ, ɜɧɟɫɟɧɧɚɹ ɫɬɪɚɯɨɜɚɬɟɥɟɦ + ɩɪɨɰɟɧɬɧɵɣ ɞɨɯɨɞ ɧɚ ɷɬɭ ɫɭɦɦɭ – ɪɚɫɯɨɞɵ ɤɨɦɩɚɧɢɢ ɩɨ ɩɨɞɩɢɫɚɧɢɸ ɢ ɨɛɫɥɭɠɢɜɚɧɢɸ ɩɨɥɢɫɚ.

Ƚ

Ƚɟɧɟɪɚɥɶɧɵɣ ɩɨɥɢɫ – ɩɨɥɢɫ, ɩɨ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɹɦ ɤɨɬɨɪɨɝɨ ɫɱɢɬɚɸɬɫɹ ɡɚɫɬɪɚɯɨɜɚɧɧɵɦɢ ɜɫɟ ɩɨɥɭɱɚɟɦɵɟ ɢɥɢ ɨɬɩɪɚɜɥɹɟɦɵɟ ɫɬɪɚɯɨɜɚɬɟɥɟɦ ɝɪɭɡɵ ɜ ɬɟɱɟɧɢɟ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɫɪɨɤɚ, ɜ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɧɵɯ ɩɪɟɞɟɥɚɯ ɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ ɫɬɪɚɯɨɜɳɢɤɚ. Ɉɛɵɱɧɨ ɫɬɪɚɯɨɜɚɬɟɥɶ ɨɛɹɡɚɧ ɩɨ ɤɚɠɞɨɣ ɨɬɩɪɚɜɤɟ ɝɪɭɡɚ, ɩɨɞɩɚɞɚɸɳɟɣ ɩɨɞ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɟ ɝɟɧɟɪɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɩɨɥɢɫɚ, ɫɨɨɛɳɢɬɶ ɫɬɪɚɯɨɜɳɢɤɭ: ɧɚɢɦɟɧɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɫɭɞɧɚ, ɧɚ ɤɨɬɨɪɨɦ ɨɬɩɪɚɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɝɪɭɡ, ɩɭɬɶ ɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɝɪɭɡɚ ɢ ɫɬɪɚɯɨɜɭɸ ɫɭɦɦɭ. ɋɬɪɚɯɨɜɚɬɟɥɶ ɧɟ ɨɫɜɨɛɨɠɞɚɟɬɫɹ ɨɬ ɷɬɨɣ ɨɛɹɡɚɧɧɨɫɬɢ, ɞɚɠɟ ɟɫɥɢ ɨɧ ɩɨɥɭɱɢɬ ɫɜɟɞɟɧɢɹ ɨɛ ɨɬɩɪɚɜɤɟ ɝɪɭɡɨɜ ɩɨɫɥɟ ɢɯ ɞɨɫɬɚɜɤɢ ɜ ɦɟɫɬɨ ɧɚɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɹ ɜ ɧɟɩɨɜɪɟɠɞɟɧɧɨɦ ɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɢ. ɋɬɪɚɯɨɜɳɢɤ ɨɛɹɡɚɧ ɩɨ ɬɪɟɛɨɜɚɧɢɸ ɫɬɪɚɯɨɜɚɬɟɥɹ ɜɵɞɚɬɶ ɩɨ ɨɬɞɟɥɶɧɵɦ ɨɬɩɪɚɜɤɚɦ, ɩɨɞɩɚɞɚɸɳɢɦ ɩɨɞ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɟ ɝɟɧɟɪɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɩɨɥɢɫɚ, ɩɨɥɢɫɵ ɢɥɢ ɫɬɪɚɯɨɜɵɟ ɫɟɪɬɢɮɢɤɚɬɵ.

161

Ƚɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɟ ɫɬɪɚɯɨɜɵɟ ɤɨɦɩɚɧɢɢ – ɷɬɨ ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɚɹ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɨɧɧɨ-

ɩɪɚɜɨɜɚɹ ɮɨɪɦɚ ɫɬɪɚɯɨɜɚɧɢɹ, ɝɞɟ ɜ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɟ ɫɬɪɚɯɨɜɳɢɤɚ ɜɵɫɬɭɩɚɟɬ ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɨ ɜ ɥɢɰɟ ɫɩɟɰɢɚɥɶɧɨ ɭɩɨɥɧɨɦɨɱɟɧɧɵɯ ɧɚ ɷɬɨ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɣ.

Ƚɪɚɛɟɠ – ɨɬɤɪɵɬɨɟ ɯɢɳɟɧɢɟ ɢɦɭɳɟɫɬɜɚ.

Ƚɪɚɠɞɚɧɫɤɚɹ ɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɫɬɶ – ɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɫɬɶ ɩɟɪɟɞ ɬɪɟɬɶɢɦɢ ɥɢɰɚɦɢ ɡɚ ɬɨɬ ɜɪɟɞ ɢɥɢ ɭɳɟɪɛ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɣ ɨɧ ɦɨɠɟɬ ɩɪɢɧɟɫɬɢ ɢɯ ɡɞɨɪɨɜɶɸ, ɠɢɡɧɢ ɢ ɢɦɭɳɟɫɬɜɭ ɜ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɟ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɨɛɴɟɤɬɚ ɫɬɪɚɯɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɢɥɢ ɜ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɟ ɜɥɚɞɟɧɢɹ ɢɦ. Ƚɪɚɠɞɚɧɫɤɚɹ ɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɫɬɶ ɦɨɠɟɬ ɧɚɫɬɭɩɢɬɶ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɜ ɫɥɭɱɚɟ ɫɨɜɟɪɲɟɧɢɹ ɧɟɭɦɵɲɥɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɩɪɚɜɨɧɚɪɭɲɟɧɢɹ ɢɥɢ ɧɚɪɭɲɟɧɢɹ ɞɨɝɨɜɨɪɧɵɯ ɨɛɹɡɚɬɟɥɶɫɬɜ.

Ƚɪɭɩɩɚ ɢɧɜɚɥɢɞɧɨɫɬɢ – ɭɫɬɚɧɚɜɥɢɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɦɟɞɢɤɨ-ɫɨɰɢɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɷɤɫɩɟɪɬɧɨɣ ɤɨɦɢɫɫɢɟɣ (ɆɋɗɄ) ɜ ɡɚɜɢɫɢɦɨɫɬɢ ɨɬ ɫɬɟɩɟɧɢ ɩɨɬɟɪɢ ɬɪɭɞɨɫɩɨɫɨɛɧɨɫɬɢ. ɉɪɟɞɭɫɦɚɬɪɢɜɚɸɬɫɹ ɬɪɢ ɝɪɭɩɩɵ ɢɧɜɚɥɢɞɧɨɫɬɢ (ɩɨ ɧɨɦɟɪɚɦ ɨɬ ɩɟɪɜɨɣ, ɫɚɦɨɣ ɬɹɠɟɥɨɣ, ɞɨ ɬɪɟɬɶ-

ɟɣ). Ɍɚɤɠɟ ɫɦ. ɂɧɜɚɥɢɞɧɨɫɬɶ.

Ƚɪɭɩɩɨɜɨɟ ɫɬɪɚɯɨɜɚɧɢɟ – ɫɬɪɚɯɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɝɪɭɩɩɵ ɥɢɰ ɫɨ ɫɯɨɠɢɦɢ ɢɧɬɟɪɟɫɚɦɢ. Ƚɪɭɩɩɨɜɨɣ ɩɨɥɢɫ ɜɵɞɚɟɬɫɹ ɪɚɛɨɬɨɞɚɬɟɥɸ ɢɥɢ ɞɪɭɝɨɦɭ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɢɬɟɥɸ ɝɪɭɩɩɵ, ɚ ɤɚɠɞɵɣ ɱɥɟɧ ɝɪɭɩɩɵ ɩɨɥɭɱɚɟɬ ɫɟɪɬɢɮɢɤɚɬ, ɩɨɞɬɜɟɪɠɞɚɸɳɢɣ ɮɚɤɬ ɟɝɨ ɫɬɪɚɯɨɜɚɧɢɹ.

Ⱦ

Ⱦɜɢɠɢɦɨɟ ɢɦɭɳɟɫɬɜɨ – ɨɛɴɟɤɬɵ ɜɥɚɞɟɧɢɹ ɢɥɢ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɮɢɡɢɱɟɫɤɢɦ ɢɥɢ ɸɪɢɞɢɱɟɫɤɢɦ ɥɢɰɨɦ. Ʉ ɞɜɢɠɢɦɨɦɭ ɢɦɭɳɟɫɬɜɭ ɨɬɧɨɫɢɬɫɹ ɢɦɭɳɟɫɬɜɨ, ɱɶɟ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɩɨ ɧɚɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɸ ɢ ɛɟɡ ɭɳɟɪɛɚ ɟɝɨ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɫɬɢɤɚɦ ɢ ɰɟɧɧɨɫɬɧɵɦ ɫɜɨɣɫɬɜɚɦ ɧɟ ɢɫɤɥɸɱɚɟɬ ɟɝɨ ɩɟɪɟɦɟɳɟɧɢɟ.

Ⱦɜɨɣɧɨɟ ɫɬɪɚɯɨɜɚɧɢɟ – ɫɬɪɚɯɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɭ ɧɟɫɤɨɥɶɤɢɯ ɫɬɪɚɯɨɜɳɢɤɨɜ ɨɞɧɨɝɨ ɢ ɬɨɝɨ ɠɟ ɢɧɬɟɪɟɫɚ ɨɬ ɨɞɧɢɯ ɢ ɬɟɯ ɠɟ ɪɢɫɤɨɜ, ɤɨɝɞɚ ɨɛɳɚɹ ɫɬɪɚɯɨɜɚɹ ɫɭɦɦɚ ɩɪɟɜɵɲɚɟɬ ɫɬɪɚɯɨɜɭɸ ɫɬɨɢɦɨɫɬɶ. ȼ ɫɥɭɱɚɟ ɧɚɥɢɱɢɹ ɞɜɨɣɧɨɝɨ ɫɬɪɚɯɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɫɬɪɚɯɨɜɳɢɤɢ ɧɟɫɭɬ ɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɫɬɶ ɜ ɩɪɟɞɟɥɚɯ ɫɬɪɚɯɨɜɨɣ ɫɬɨɢɦɨɫɬɢ ɫɬɪɚɯɭɟɦɨɝɨ ɢɧɬɟɪɟɫɚ, ɢ ɤɚɠɞɵɣ ɢɡ ɧɢɯ ɨɬɜɟɱɚɟɬ ɩɪɨɩɨɪɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɨ ɫɬɪɚɯɨɜɨɣ ɫɭɦɦɟ ɩɨ ɡɚɤɥɸɱɟɧɧɨɦɭ ɢɦ ɞɨɝɨɜɨɪɭ ɫɬɪɚɯɨɜɚɧɢɹ. ȼ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɵɯ ɫɬɪɚɧɚɯ ɞɜɨɣɧɨɟ ɫɬɪɚɯɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɦɨɠɟɬ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɬɶɫɹ ɜ ɰɟɥɹɯ ɨɛɨɝɚɳɟɧɢɹ, ɢ ɩɨɷɬɨɦɭ ɜ ɡɚɤɨɧɨɞɚɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɚɯ ɷɬɢɯ ɫɬɪɚɧ ɞɚɧɧɨɦɭ ɜɨɩɪɨɫɭ ɭɞɟɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɛɨɥɶɲɨɟ ɜɧɢɦɚɧɢɟ. Ɍɪɨɣɧɨɟ ɢ ɞɚɥɟɟ ɫɬɪɚɯɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɧɚɡɵɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɦɧɨɠɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɦ ɢ ɩɨɩɚɞɚɟɬ ɩɨɞ ɬɟ ɠɟ ɩɪɚɜɢɥɚ, ɱɬɨ ɢ ɞɜɨɣɧɨɟ.

Ⱦɟɩɨ ɫɬɪɚɯɨɜɨɣ ɩɪɟɦɢɢ – ɱɚɫɬɶ ɩɪɟɦɢɢ, ɭɞɟɪɠɢɜɚɟɦɚɹ ɩɟɪɟɫɬɪɚɯɨɜɚɬɟɥɟɦ ɩɪɢ ɡɚɤɥɸɱɟɧɢɢ ɞɨɝɨɜɨɪɚ ɩɟɪɟɫɬɪɚɯɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɤɚɤ ɝɚɪɚɧɬɢɹ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɟɧɢɹ ɩɟɪɟɫɬɪɚɯɨɜɳɢɤɨɦ ɫɜɨɢɯ ɨɛɹɡɚɬɟɥɶɫɬɜ. ȼɵɩɥɚɱɢɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɩɟɪɟɫɬɪɚɯɨɜɳɢɤɭ ɩɨɥɧɨɫɬɶɸ ɩɪɢ ɩɪɟɤɪɚɳɟɧɢɢ ɞɨɝɨɜɨɪɚ.

Ⱦɢɜɟɪɫɢɮɢɤɚɰɢɹ – ɜ ɫɬɪɚɯɨɜɚɧɢɢ ɨɞɧɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɨɟ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɟ ɦɧɨɝɢɯ, ɧɟ ɫɜɹɡɚɧɧɵɯ ɞɪɭɝ ɫ ɞɪɭɝɨɦ, ɜɢɞɨɜ ɫɬɪɚɯɨɜɚɧɢɹ, ɪɚɫɲɢɪɟɧɢɟ ɫɬɪɚɯɨɜɳɢɤɨɦ ɫɩɟɤɬɪɚ ɩɪɟɞɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɟɦɵɯ ɫɬɪɚɯɨɜɵɯ ɭɫɥɭɝ. Ⱦɢɜɟɪɫɢɮɢɤɚɰɢɹ – ɭɫɥɨɜɢɟ ɪɚɡɦɟɳɟɧɢɹ ɫɬɪɚɯɨɜɳɢɤɨɦ ɫɬɪɚɯɨɜɵɯ ɪɟɡɟɪɜɨɜ.

Ⱦɢɜɢɞɟɧɞ – ɱɚɫɬɶ ɩɪɢɛɵɥɢ ɚɤɰɢɨɧɟɪɧɨɣ ɫɬɪɚɯɨɜɨɣ ɤɨɦɩɚɧɢɢ, ɩɨɞɥɟɠɚɳɚɹ ɪɚɫɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɸ ɩɨ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɚɦ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ɫɬɪɚɯɨɜɳɢɤɚ ɡɚ ɝɨɞ ɦɟɠɞɭ ɜɥɚɞɟɥɶɰɚɦɢ ɚɤɰɢɣ ɜ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɢɢ ɫ ɢɯ ɤɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɨɦ ɢ ɫɬɨɢɦɨɫɬɶɸ.

Ⱦɢɫɤɥɨɭɡ – ɨɛɳɟɩɪɢɧɹɬɚɹ ɜ ɡɚɪɭɛɟɠɧɨɣ ɩɪɚɤɬɢɤɟ ɧɨɪɦɚ ɫɬɪɚɯɨɜɨɝɨ ɩɪɚɜɚ, ɩɪɟɞɭɫɦɚɬɪɢɜɚɸɳɚɹ ɨɛɹɡɚɧɧɨɫɬɶ ɫɬɪɚɯɨɜɚɬɟɥɹ ɧɟɦɟɞɥɟɧɧɨ ɩɨɫɬɚɜɢɬɶ ɜ ɢɡɜɟɫɬɧɨɫɬɶ ɫɬɪɚɯɨɜɳɢɤɚ (ɫɸɪɜɟɣɟɪɚ) ɨ ɥɸɛɵɯ ɮɚɤɬɚɯ (ɪɢɫɤɨɜɵɯ ɨɛɫɬɨɹɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɚɯ), ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɡɭɸɳɢɯ ɨɛɴɟɤɬ ɫɬɪɚɯɨɜɚɧɢɹ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɢɦɟɸɬ ɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɟ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɟ ɞɥɹ ɫɭɠɞɟɧɢɹ ɨɛ ɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɢ ɫɬɟɩɟɧɢ ɪɢɫɤɚ, ɩɪɢɧɹɬɨɝɨ ɧɚ ɫɬɪɚɯɨɜɚɧɢɟ.

162

Ⱦɢɫɩɚɲɟɪ – ɫɩɟɰɢɚɥɢɫɬ ɜ ɨɛɥɚɫɬɢ ɦɟɠɞɭɧɚɪɨɞɧɨɝɨ ɦɨɪɫɤɨɝɨ ɩɪɚɜɚ, ɫɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɸɳɢɣ ɪɚɫɱɟɬɵ ɩɨ ɪɚɫɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɸ ɪɚɫɯɨɞɨɜ ɩɨ ɨɛɳɟɣ ɚɜɚɪɢɢ ɦɟɠɞɭ ɫɭɞɧɨɦ, ɝɪɭɡɨɦ ɢ ɮɪɚɯɬɨɦ, ɬ.ɟ. ɞɢɫɩɚɲɭ.

Ⱦɨɛɪɨɜɨɥɶɧɨɟ ɦɟɞɢɰɢɧɫɤɨɟ ɫɬɪɚɯɨɜɚɧɢɟ (ȾɆɋ) – ɦɟɯɚɧɢɡɦ ɤɨɦɩɟɧɫɚɰɢɢ ɝɪɚ-

ɠɞɚɧɚɦ ɪɚɫɯɨɞɨɜ ɢ ɩɨɬɟɪɶ, ɫɜɹɡɚɧɧɵɯ ɫ ɧɚɫɬɭɩɥɟɧɢɟɦ ɛɨɥɟɡɧɢ ɢɥɢ ɧɟɫɱɚɫɬɧɨɝɨ ɫɥɭɱɚɹ.

Ⱦɨɛɪɨɜɨɥɶɧɨɟ ɫɬɪɚɯɨɜɚɧɢɟ – ɮɨɪɦɚ ɫɬɪɚɯɨɜɚɧɢɹ, ɨɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɥɹɟɦɚɹ ɧɚ ɨɫɧɨɜɟ ɞɨɛɪɨɜɨɥɶɧɨ ɡɚɤɥɸɱɚɟɦɨɝɨ ɞɨɝɨɜɨɪɚ ɦɟɠɞɭ ɫɬɪɚɯɨɜɚɬɟɥɟɦ ɢ ɫɬɪɚɯɨɜɳɢɤɨɦ. ɉɪɚɜɢɥɚ ɞɨɛɪɨɜɨɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɫɬɪɚɯɨɜɚɧɢɹ, ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɸɳɢɟ ɨɛɳɢɟ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɹ ɢ ɩɨɪɹɞɨɤ ɟɝɨ ɩɪɨɜɟɞɟɧɢɹ, ɭɫɬɚɧɚɜɥɢɜɚɸɬɫɹ ɫɬɪɚɯɨɜɳɢɤɨɦ ɫɚɦɨɫɬɨɹɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɜ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɢɢ ɫ ɡɚɤɨɧɨɞɚɬɟɥɶɧɵɦɢ ɢ ɞɪɭɝɢɦɢ ɧɨɪɦɚɬɢɜɧɵɦɢ ɚɤɬɚɦɢ ɨ ɫɬɪɚɯɨɜɚɧɢɢ. Ʉɨɧɤɪɟɬɧɵɟ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɹ ɫɬɪɚɯɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɸɬɫɹ ɩɪɢ ɡɚɤɥɸɱɟɧɢɢ ɞɨɝɨɜɨɪɚ ɫɬɪɚɯɨɜɚɧɢɹ. ȼ ɨɬɥɢɱɢɟ ɨɬ ɨɛɹɡɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɫɬɪɚɯɨɜɚɧɢɹ, ɩɪɢ ɤɨɬɨɪɨɦ ɫɬɪɚɯɨɜɚɬɟɥɶ ɨɛɹɡɚɧ ɩɨ ɡɚɤɨɧɭ ɫɬɪɚɯɨɜɚɬɶ ɫɜɨɟ ɢɦɭɳɟɫɬɜɨ ɢɥɢ ɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɫɬɶ ɩɟɪɟɞ ɬɪɟɬɶɢɦɢ ɥɢɰɚɦɢ, ɞɨɝɨɜɨɪ ɫɬɪɚɯɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɡɚɤɥɸɱɚɟɬɫɹ ɞɨɛɪɨɜɨɥɶɧɨ. Ɉɧ ɡɚɤɥɸɱɚɟɬɫɹ ɧɚ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɧɵɣ ɫɪɨɤ ɢ ɜɫɬɭɩɚɟɬ ɜ ɫɢɥɭ ɩɨɫɥɟ ɭɩɥɚɬɵ ɫɬɪɚɯɨɜɚɬɟɥɟɦ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɵɯ ɫɬɪɚɯɨɜɵɯ ɜɡɧɨɫɨɜ.

Ⱦɨɜɟɪɟɧɧɨɫɬɶ – ɩɢɫɶɦɟɧɧɨɟ ɪɚɡɪɟɲɟɧɢɟ (ɭɩɨɥɧɨɦɨɱɢɟ), ɜɵɞɚɜɚɟɦɨɟ ɨɞɧɢɦ ɥɢɰɨɦ ɞɪɭɝɨɦɭ ɥɢɰɭ ɞɥɹ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɢɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɚ ɩɟɪɟɞ ɬɪɟɬɶɢɦɢ ɥɢɰɚɦɢ.

Ⱦɨɝɨɜɨɪ ɢɦɭɳɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɫɬɪɚɯɨɜɚɧɢɹ – ɞɨɝɨɜɨɪ, ɨɛɴɟɤɬɚɦɢ ɫɬɪɚɯɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɤɨ-

ɬɨɪɨɝɨ ɹɜɥɹɸɬɫɹ ɧɟ ɩɪɨɬɢɜɨɪɟɱɚɳɢɟ ɡɚɤɨɧɨɞɚɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɭ ɢɦɭɳɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɟ ɢɧɬɟɪɟɫɵ, ɫɜɹɡɚɧɧɵɟ ɫ ɜɥɚɞɟɧɢɟɦ, ɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɟɦ ɢ ɪɚɫɩɨɪɹɠɟɧɢɟɦ ɡɚɫɬɪɚɯɨɜɚɧɧɵɦ ɢɦɭɳɟɫɬɜɨɦ. ɉɪɢ ɫɬɪɚɯɨɜɚɧɢɢ ɢɦɭɳɟɫɬɜɚ ɫɬɪɚɯɨɜɚɹ ɫɭɦɦɚ ɧɟ ɦɨɠɟɬ ɩɪɟɜɵɲɚɬɶ ɟɝɨ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɣ ɫɬɨɢɦɨɫɬɢ ɧɚ ɦɨɦɟɧɬ ɡɚɤɥɸɱɟɧɢɹ ɞɨɝɨɜɨɪɚ, ɚ ɫɬɪɚɯɨɜɨɟ ɜɨɡɦɟɳɟɧɢɟ ɪɚɡɦɟɪɚ ɩɪɹɦɨɝɨ ɭɳɟɪɛɚ ɡɚɫɬɪɚɯɨɜɚɧɧɨɦɭ ɢɦɭɳɟɫɬɜɭ.

Ⱦɨɝɨɜɨɪ ɥɢɱɧɨɝɨ ɫɬɪɚɯɨɜɚɧɢɹ – ɞɨɝɨɜɨɪ, ɨɛɴɟɤɬɚɦɢ ɫɬɪɚɯɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɤɨɬɨɪɨɝɨ ɹɜɥɹɸɬɫɹ ɢɦɭɳɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɟ ɢɧɬɟɪɟɫɵ, ɫɜɹɡɚɧɧɵɟ ɫ ɠɢɡɧɶɸ, ɡɞɨɪɨɜɶɟɦ, ɬɪɭɞɨɫɩɨɫɨɛɧɨɫɬɶɸ ɢ ɩɟɧɫɢɨɧɧɵɦ ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɟɧɢɟɦ ɫɬɪɚɯɨɜɚɬɟɥɹ ɢɥɢ ɡɚɫɬɪɚɯɨɜɚɧɧɨɝɨ ɥɢɰɚ. ȼ ɞɚɧɧɨɦ ɞɨɝɨɜɨɪɟ ɫɬɪɚɯɨɜɚɹ ɫɭɦɦɚ ɭɫɬɚɧɚɜɥɢɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɩɨ ɫɨɝɥɚɲɟɧɢɸ ɫɨ ɫɬɪɚɯɨɜɳɢɤɨɦ.

Ⱦɨɝɨɜɨɪ ɩɟɪɟɫɬɪɚɯɨɜɚɧɢɹ – ɞɨɝɨɜɨɪ, ɫɨɝɥɚɫɧɨ ɤɨɬɨɪɨɦɭ ɨɞɧɨ ɥɢɰɨ (ɩɟɪɟɫɬɪɚɯɨɜɳɢɤ) ɨɛɹɡɭɟɬɫɹ ɡɚ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɧɭɸ ɩɥɚɬɭ (ɩɟɪɟɫɬɪɚɯɨɜɨɱɧɭɸ ɩɪɟɦɢɸ) ɩɪɢɧɹɬɶ ɧɚ ɫɜɨɸ ɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɫɬɶ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɧɭɸ ɞɨɥɸ ɪɢɫɤɚ ɞɪɭɝɨɝɨ ɥɢɰɚ (ɩɟɪɟɫɬɪɚɯɨɜɚɬɟɥɹ). ȼ ɧɟɦ ɨɝɨɜɚɪɢɜɚɸɬɫɹ: ɜɢɞ ɩɟɪɟɫɬɪɚɯɨɜɚɧɢɹ, ɞɨɥɹ ɭɱɚɫɬɢɹ ɢ ɥɢɦɢɬɵ ɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ ɫɬɪɚɯɨɜɳɢɤɚ, ɩɨɪɹɞɨɤ ɪɚɫɱɟɬɚ ɩɨ ɩɪɟɦɢɢ ɢ ɭɛɵɬɤɚɦ ɢ ɧɟɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɞɪɭɝɢɟ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɹ ɩɟɪɟɫɬɪɚɯɨɜɚɧɢɹ. Ⱦɨɝɨɜɨɪɵ ɩɟɪɟɫɬɪɚɯɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɞɟɥɹɬɫɹ ɧɚ ɩɪɨɩɨɪɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɵɟ (ɤɜɨɬɧɵɟ ɢ ɷɤɫɰɟɞɟɧɬɧɵɟ, ɢɥɢ ɷɤɫɰɟɞɟɧɬɚ ɫɭɦɦ) ɢ ɧɟɩɪɨɩɨɪɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɵɟ (ɷɤɫɰɟɞɟɧɬɚ ɭɛɵɬɤɚ ɢ ɷɤɫɰɟɞɟɧɬɚ ɭɛɵɬɨɱɧɨɫɬɢ).

Ⱦɨɝɨɜɨɪ ɫɬɪɚɯɨɜɚɧɢɹ – ɫɨɝɥɚɲɟɧɢɟ ɦɟɠɞɭ ɫɬɪɚɯɨɜɚɬɟɥɟɦ ɢ ɫɬɪɚɯɨɜɳɢɤɨɦ, ɩɨ ɤɨɬɨɪɨɦɭ ɫɬɪɚɯɨɜɳɢɤ ɨɛɹɡɭɟɬɫɹ ɩɪɢ ɫɬɪɚɯɨɜɨɦ ɫɥɭɱɚɟ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɟɫɬɢ ɫɬɪɚɯɨɜɭɸ ɜɵɩɥɚɬɭ ɫɬɪɚɯɨɜɚɬɟɥɸ, ɚ ɫɬɪɚɯɨɜɚɬɟɥɶ – ɨɩɥɚɱɢɜɚɬɶ ɫɬɪɚɯɨɜɵɟ ɜɡɧɨɫɵ ɜ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɧɵɟ ɫɪɨɤɢ.

Ⱦɨɥɝɨɫɪɨɱɧɨɟ ɫɬɪɚɯɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɠɢɡɧɢ – ɩɨɞɨɬɪɚɫɥɶ ɥɢɱɧɨɝɨ ɫɬɪɚɯɨɜɚɧɢɹ, ɨɯɜɚɬɵɜɚɸɳɚɹ ɫɬɪɚɯɨɜɵɦ ɩɨɤɪɵɬɢɟɦ ɩɨɥɧɵɣ ɨɛɴɟɦ ɠɢɡɧɟɧɧɵɯ ɢɧɬɟɪɟɫɨɜ ɫɬɪɚɯɨɜɚɬɟɥɟɣ ɢ ɡɚɫɬɪɚɯɨɜɚɧɧɵɯ ɥɢɰ.

Ⱦɨɩɨɥɧɢɬɟɥɶɧɚɹ ɩɪɟɦɢɹ – ɞɨɩɨɥɧɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɣ ɫɬɪɚɯɨɜɨɣ ɜɡɧɨɫ, ɭɩɥɚɱɢɜɚɟɦɵɣ ɫɬɪɚɯɨɜɚɬɟɥɟɦ ɡɚ ɜɤɥɸɱɟɧɢɟ ɜ ɪɚɧɟɟ ɫɨɝɥɚɫɨɜɚɧɧɵɟ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɹ ɫɬɪɚɯɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɞɨɩɨɥɧɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɪɢɫɤɨɜ.

Ⱦɨɩɨɥɧɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɟ ɨɛɨɪɭɞɨɜɚɧɢɟ – ɨɛɨɪɭɞɨɜɚɧɢɟ, ɧɟ ɜɯɨɞɹɳɟɟ ɜ ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɬɚɰɢɸ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɨɝɨ ɨɛɨɪɭɞɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɫɨɝɥɚɫɧɨ ɢɧɫɬɪɭɤɰɢɢ ɡɚɜɨɞɚ-ɢɡɝɨɬɨɜɢɬɟɥɹ.

163

ȿ

ȿɞɢɧɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɚɹ ɫɬɪɚɯɨɜɚɹ ɜɵɩɥɚɬɚ – ɫɭɦɦɚ ɢɥɢ ɫɭɦɦɵ ɫɬɪɚɯɨɜɨɝɨ ɜɨɡɦɟɳɟɧɢɹ, ɜɵɩɥɚɱɢɜɚɟɦɚɹɫɬɪɚɯɨɜɳɢɤɨɦɟɞɢɧɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɵɦɩɥɚɬɟɠɨɦɜɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɟɜɨɡɦɟɳɟɧɢɹ.

Ɂ

Ɂɚɛɨɥɟɜɚɧɢɟ – ɥɸɛɨɟ ɧɚɪɭɲɟɧɢɟ ɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɹ ɡɞɨɪɨɜɶɹ, ɧɟ ɜɵɡɜɚɧɧɨɟ ɬɪɚɜɦɨɣ, ɩɪɢ ɤɨɬɨɪɨɦ ɢɦɟɸɬɫɹ ɨɛɴɟɤɬɢɜɧɵɟ ɩɪɨɹɜɥɟɧɢɹ, ɩɨɡɜɨɥɹɸɳɢɟ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɢɬɶ ɞɢɚɝɧɨɡ.

Ɂɚɫɬɪɚɯɨɜɚɧɧɵɣ – ɮɢɡɢɱɟɫɤɨɟ ɥɢɰɨ, ɠɢɡɧɶ, ɡɞɨɪɨɜɶɟ ɢ ɬɪɭɞɨɫɩɨɫɨɛɧɨɫɬɶ ɤɨɬɨɪɨɝɨ ɜɵɫɬɭɩɚɸɬ ɨɛɴɟɤɬɨɦ ɫɬɪɚɯɨɜɨɣ ɡɚɳɢɬɵ. Ɂɚɫɬɪɚɯɨɜɚɧɧɵɦ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɮɢɡɢɱɟɫɤɨɟ ɥɢɰɨ, ɜ ɩɨɥɶɡɭ ɤɨɬɨɪɨɝɨ ɡɚɤɥɸɱɟɧ ɞɨɝɨɜɨɪ ɫɬɪɚɯɨɜɚɧɢɹ.

Ɂɚɹɜɢɬɟɥɶ – ɥɢɰɨ, ɠɟɥɚɸɳɟɟ ɩɪɢɨɛɪɟɫɬɢ ɩɨɥɢɫɵ ɢ ɜɵɩɥɚɱɢɜɚɬɶ ɩɪɟɦɢɢ, ɩɨɞɚɸɳɟɟ ɡɚɹɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɧɚ ɫɬɪɚɯɨɜɚɧɢɟ.

Ɂɚɹɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɫɬɪɚɯɨɜɚɬɟɥɹ – ɩɢɫɶɦɟɧɧɵɣ ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬ ɨ ɠɟɥɚɧɢɢ ɩɪɢɨɛɪɟɫɬɢ ɫɬɪɚɯɨɜɨɣ ɩɨɥɢɫ ɢɥɢ ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɹ ɨ ɧɚɫɬɭɩɥɟɧɢɢ ɫɬɪɚɯɨɜɨɝɨ ɫɥɭɱɚɹ. ɉɟɪɟɞ ɡɚɤɥɸɱɟɧɢɟɦ ɞɨɝɨɜɨɪɚ ɫɬɪɚɯɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɫɬɪɚɯɨɜɚɬɟɥɶ ɨɛɹɡɚɧ ɜ ɡɚɹɜɥɟɧɢɢ ɫɨɨɛɳɢɬɶ ɨɛɨ ɜɫɟɯ ɮɚɤɬɨɪɚɯ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɚ ɢɥɢ ɨɛɫɬɨɹɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɚɯ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɢɡɜɟɫɬɧɵ ɢɥɢ ɞɨɥɠɧɵ ɛɵɬɶ ɟɦɭ ɢɡɜɟɫɬɧɵ ɩɨ ɪɨɞɭ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ɢ ɦɨɝɭɬ ɩɨɜɥɢɹɬɶ ɧɚ ɪɟɲɟɧɢɟ ɫɬɪɚɯɨɜɳɢɤɚ ɨ ɩɪɢɟɦɟ ɧɚ ɫɬɪɚɯɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɢɥɢ ɨɬɤɥɨɧɟɧɢɢ ɪɢɫɤɚ, ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɚɞɟɤɜɚɬɧɨɣ ɫɬɚɜɤɢ ɩɪɟɦɢɢ ɢ ɬ.ɩ. ȿɫɥɢ ɫɬɪɚɯɨɜɚɬɟɥɶ ɧɟ ɫɞɟɥɚɟɬ ɷɬɨɝɨ, ɫɬɪɚɯɨɜɳɢɤ ɢɦɟɟɬ ɩɪɚɜɨ ɨɬɤɚɡɚɬɶɫɹ ɨɬ ɡɚɤɥɸɱɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɢɦɢ ɞɨɝɨɜɨɪɚ.

«Ɂɟɥɟɧɚɹ ɤɚɪɬɚ» – ɫɢɫɬɟɦɚ ɦɟɠɞɭɧɚɪɨɞɧɵɯ ɞɨɝɨɜɨɪɨɜ ɨɛ ɨɛɹɡɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɦ ɫɬɪɚɯɨɜɚɧɢɢ ɝɪɚɠɞɚɧɫɤɨɣ ɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ ɜɥɚɞɟɥɶɰɟɜ ɫɪɟɞɫɬɜ ɚɜɬɨɬɪɚɧɫɩɨɪɬɚ. ɉɨɥɭɱɢɥɚ ɧɚɡɜɚɧɢɟ ɩɨ ɰɜɟɬɭ ɢ ɮɨɪɦɟ ɫɬɪɚɯɨɜɨɝɨ ɩɨɥɢɫɚ, ɭɞɨɫɬɨɜɟɪɹɸɳɟɝɨ ɷɬɨ ɫɬɪɚɯɨɜɨɟ ɩɪɚɜɨɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɟ. Ɉɫɧɨɜɚɧɚ ɜ 1949 ɝ. ȼ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɭ «Ɂɟɥɟɧɨɣ ɤɚɪɬɵ» ɧɟ ɜɯɨɞɹɬ ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɚ ɛɵɜɲɟɝɨ ɋɋɋɊ, ɝɞɟ ɧɟɬ ɨɛɹɡɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɫɬɪɚɯɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɝɪɚɠɞɚɧɫɤɨɣ ɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ ɜɥɚɞɟɥɶɰɟɜ ɬɪɚɧɫɩɨɪɬɧɵɯ ɫɪɟɞɫɬɜ.

ɂ

ɂɦɭɳɟɫɬɜɚ ɫɬɪɚɯɨɜɚɧɢɟ – ɨɬɪɚɫɥɶ ɫɬɪɚɯɨɜɚɧɢɹ, ɜ ɤɨɬɨɪɨɣ ɨɛɴɟɤɬɨɦ ɫɬɪɚɯɨɜɵɯ ɩɪɚɜɨɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɣ ɜɵɫɬɭɩɚɸɬ ɢɦɭɳɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɟ ɢɧɬɟɪɟɫɵ:

1)ɪɢɫɤ ɭɬɪɚɬɵ (ɝɢɛɟɥɢ), ɧɟɞɨɫɬɚɱɢ ɢɥɢ ɩɨɜɪɟɠɞɟɧɢɹ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɢɦɭɳɟɫɬɜɚ

(ɫɬ. 930 ɝɥ. 48 ȽɄ ɊɎ);

2)ɪɢɫɤ ɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ ɩɨ ɨɛɹɡɚɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɚɦ, ɜɨɡɧɢɤɚɸɳɢɦ ɜɫɥɟɞɫɬɜɢɟ ɩɪɢɱɢɧɟɧɢɹ ɜɪɟɞɚ ɠɢɡɧɢ, ɡɞɨɪɨɜɶɸ ɢɥɢ ɢɦɭɳɟɫɬɜɭ ɞɪɭɝɢɯ ɥɢɰ, ɚ ɜ ɫɥɭɱɚɹɯ, ɩɪɟɞɭɫɦɨɬɪɟɧɧɵɯ ɡɚɤɨɧɨɦ, ɬɚɤɠɟ ɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ ɩɨ ɞɨɝɨɜɨɪɚɦ – ɪɢɫɤ ɝɪɚɠɞɚɧɫɤɨɣ ɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ (ɫɬ. 931 ɢ 932 ɝɥ. 48 ȽɄ ɊɎ);

3)ɪɢɫɤ ɭɛɵɬɤɨɜ ɨɬ ɩɪɟɞɩɪɢɧɢɦɚɬɟɥɶɫɤɨɣ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ɢɡ-ɡɚ ɧɚɪɭɲɟɧɢɹ ɫɜɨɢɯ ɨɛɹɡɚɬɟɥɶɫɬɜ ɤɨɧɬɪɚɝɟɧɬɚɦɢ ɩɪɟɞɩɪɢɧɢɦɚɬɟɥɹ ɢɥɢ ɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɹ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɣ ɷɬɨɣ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ɩɨ ɧɟ ɡɚɜɢɫɹɳɢɦ ɨɬ ɩɪɟɞɩɪɢɧɢɦɚɬɟɥɹ ɨɛɫɬɨɹɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɚɦ, ɜ ɬɨɦ ɱɢɫɥɟ ɪɢɫɤ ɧɟɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɢɹ ɨɠɢɞɚɟɦɵɯɞɨɯɨɞɨɜ– ɩɪɟɞɩɪɢɧɢɦɚɬɟɥɶɫɤɢɣɪɢɫɤ(ɫɬ. 933 ɝɥ. 48 ȽɄɊɎ).

ɂɦɭɳɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɣ ɢɧɬɟɪɟɫ ɜɥɚɞɟɥɶɰɚ ɢɦɭɳɟɫɬɜɚ – ɩɪɨɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɧɟ ɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɤ ɩɨɞɥɟɠɚɳɟɦɭ ɫɬɪɚɯɨɜɚɧɢɸ ɢɦɭɳɟɫɬɜɭ, ɧɨ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɢ ɩɨ ɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɸ ɤ ɭɛɵɬɤɚɦ, ɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɫɬɶ ɡɚ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɦɨɠɟɬ ɜɨɡɧɢɤɧɭɬɶ ɜ ɫɜɹɡɢ ɫ ɜɥɚɞɟɧɢɟɦ ɢɦɭɳɟɫɬɜɨɦ (ɩɨɬɟɪɹ ɩɪɢɛɵɥɢ). ɋɬɚɧɞɚɪɬɧɵɟ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɹ ɩɨɥɢɫɚ ɨɛɵɱɧɨ ɩɪɟɞɭɫɦɚɬɪɢɜɚɸɬ ɩɨɤɪɵɬɢɟ ɫɬɪɚɯɨɜɚɧɢɟɦ ɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɫɚɦɨɝɨ ɢɦɭɳɟɫɬɜɚ, ɧɨ ɜ ɨɛɴɟɦ ɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ ɩɨ ɫɨɝɥɚɫɨɜɚɧɢɸ ɦɨɠɟɬ ɛɵɬɶ ɜɤɥɸɱɟɧɨ ɫɬɪɚɯɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɢ ɞɪɭɝɢɯ ɢɧɬɟɪɟɫɨɜ, ɫɜɹɡɚɧɧɵɯ ɫ ɢɦɭɳɟɫɬɜɨɦ.

ȼɥɸɛɨɦ ɫɥɭɱɚɟ ɢɧɬɟɪɟɫ ɫɬɪɚɯɨɜɚɬɟɥɹ ɧɟ ɞɨɥɠɟɧ ɩɪɟɜɵɲɚɬɶ ɫɬɪɚɯɨɜɭɸ ɫɭɦɦɭ ɩɨ ɩɨɥɢɫɭ, ɢ ɷɬɨ ɧɟ ɞɚɟɬ ɨɫɧɨɜɚɧɢɣ ɧɚ ɞɜɨɣɧɨɟ ɫɬɪɚɯɨɜɚɧɢɟ.

164

ɂɧɜɚɥɢɞ – ɥɢɰɨ, ɫɬɨɣɤɨ (ɱɚɫɬɢɱɧɨ ɢɥɢ ɩɨɥɧɨ) ɭɬɪɚɬɢɜɲɟɟ ɬɪɭɞɨɫɩɨɫɨɛɧɨɫɬɶ. ɂɧɜɚɥɢɞɧɨɫɬɶ – ɫɬɨɣɤɨɟ ɧɚɪɭɲɟɧɢɟ (ɫɧɢɠɟɧɢɟ ɢɥɢ ɭɬɪɚɬɚ) ɨɛɳɟɣ ɢɥɢ ɩɪɨɮɟɫ-

ɫɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɬɪɭɞɨɫɩɨɫɨɛɧɨɫɬɢ ɜɫɥɟɞɫɬɜɢɟ ɡɚɛɨɥɟɜɚɧɢɹ ɢɥɢ ɬɪɚɜɦɵ.

ɂɧɞɨɫɫɚɦɟɧɬ – ɩɟɪɟɞɚɬɨɱɧɚɹ ɧɚɞɩɢɫɶ ɧɚ ɨɛɨɪɨɬɟ ɜɟɤɫɟɥɹ, ɱɟɤɚ, ɤɨɧɨɫɚɦɟɧɬɚ, ɫɬɪɚɯɨɜɨɝɨ ɩɨɥɢɫɚ ɢ ɬ.ɩ., ɭɞɨɫɬɨɜɟɪɹɸɳɚɹ ɩɟɪɟɯɨɞ ɩɪɚɜ ɩɨ ɷɬɨɦɭ ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬɭ ɤ ɞɪɭɝɨɦɭ ɥɢɰɭ.

ɂɧɬɟɪɟɫ ɫɬɪɚɯɨɜɨɣ – ɦɟɪɚ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɡɚɢɧɬɟɪɟɫɨɜɚɧɧɨɫɬɢ ɜ ɫɬɪɚɯɨɜɚɧɢɢ. ȼɵɪɚɠɚɟɬɫɹ ɜ ɫɬɪɚɯɨɜɨɣ ɫɭɦɦɟ ɢ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɹɯ ɫɬɪɚɯɨɜɨɝɨ ɩɨɥɢɫɚ. ɇɢ ɨɞɧɨ ɸɪɢɞɢɱɟɫɤɨɟ ɢɥɢ ɮɢɡɢɱɟɫɤɨɟ ɥɢɰɨ ɧɟ ɦɨɠɟɬ ɩɪɢɛɟɝɧɭɬɶ ɤ ɫɬɪɚɯɨɜɚɧɢɸ, ɟɫɥɢ ɨɧɨ ɧɟ ɢɦɟɟɬ ɫɬɪɚɯɨɜɨɝɨ ɢɧɬɟɪɟɫɚ ɜ ɨɛɴɟɤɬɟ ɫɬɪɚɯɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɢɥɢ ɧɟ ɨɠɢɞɚɟɬ ɧɚɫɬɭɩɥɟɧɢɹ ɟɝɨ. ɂɦɟɟɬɫɹ ɜ ɜɢɞɭ, ɱɬɨ ɫɬɪɚɯɨɜɚɬɟɥɶ ɞɨɥɠɟɧ ɩɨɧɟɫɬɢ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɶɧɵɣ ɭɳɟɪɛ, ɟɫɥɢ ɡɚɫɬɪɚɯɨɜɚɧɧɨɟ ɢɦɭɳɟɫɬɜɨ ɨɤɚɠɟɬɫɹ ɭɬɪɚɱɟɧɧɵɦ ɢɥɢ ɩɨɜɪɟɠɞɟɧɧɵɦ ɢɥɢ ɟɫɥɢ ɭ ɫɬɪɚɯɨɜɚɬɟɥɹ ɜɨɡɧɢɤɧɟɬ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɶɧɚɹ ɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɫɬɶ ɩɟɪɟɞ ɬɪɟɬɶɢɦɢ ɥɢɰɚɦɢ ɜ ɫɜɹɡɢ ɫ ɡɚɫɬɪɚɯɨɜɚɧɧɵɦ ɢɦɭɳɟɫɬɜɨɦ. ɉɨɞɪɚɡɭɦɟɜɚɟɦɵɣ ɢɧɬɟɪɟɫ ɨɡɧɚɱɚɟɬ, ɱɬɨ ɜɨ ɜɪɟɦɹ ɡɚɤɥɸɱɟɧɢɹ ɞɨɝɨɜɨɪɚ ɫɬɪɚɯɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɫɬɪɚɯɨɜɚɬɟɥɶ ɧɟ ɨɛɹɡɚɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɞɨɥɠɟɧ ɢɦɟɬɶ ɫɬɪɚɯɨɜɨɣ ɢɧɬɟɪɟɫ ɜ ɫɬɪɚɯɭɟɦɨɦ ɢɦɭɳɟɫɬɜɟ.

Ʉ

Ʉɚɪɝɨ – ɝɪɭɡɵ ɢɥɢ ɢɦɭɳɟɫɬɜɨ, ɩɟɪɟɜɨɡɢɦɵɟ ɦɨɪɫɤɢɦ ɫɭɞɧɨɦ ɫ ɰɟɥɶɸ ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɢɹ ɮɪɚɯɬɚ, ɫɬɪɚɯɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɬɪɚɧɫɩɨɪɬɢɪɭɟɦɵɯ ɝɪɭɡɨɜ.

Ʉɚɫɤɨ – ɫɬɪɚɯɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɬɪɚɧɫɩɨɪɬɧɨɝɨ ɫɪɟɞɫɬɜɚ (ɫɭɞɨɜ, ɫɚɦɨɥɟɬɨɜ, ɚɜɬɨɦɨɛɢɥɟɣ). ɇɟ ɜɤɥɸɱɚɟɬ ɜ ɫɟɛɹ ɫɬɪɚɯɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɩɚɫɫɚɠɢɪɨɜ, ɩɟɪɟɜɨɡɢɦɨɝɨ ɢɦɭɳɟɫɬɜɚ, ɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ ɩɟɪɟɞ ɬɪɟɬɶɢɦɢ ɥɢɰɚɦɢ ɢ ɬ.ɞ.

Ʉɚɫɫɨɜɵɣ ɭɛɵɬɨɤ – ɭɫɥɨɜɢɟ ɩɟɪɟɫɬɪɚɯɨɜɨɱɧɵɯ ɞɨɝɨɜɨɪɨɜ, ɫɨɝɥɚɫɧɨ ɤɨɬɨɪɨɦɭ ɭɛɵɬɤɢ, ɩɪɟɜɵɲɚɸɳɢɟ ɨɛɭɫɥɨɜɥɟɧɧɭɸ ɜ ɞɨɝɨɜɨɪɚɯ ɫɭɦɦɭ, ɩɨɞɥɟɠɚɬ ɧɟɦɟɞɥɟɧɧɨɣ ɨɩɥɚɬɟ ɩɟɪɟɫɬɪɚɯɨɜɳɢɤɚɦɢ ɜ ɩɚɞɚɸɳɟɣ ɧɚ ɧɢɯ ɞɨɥɟ (ɤɚɤ ɩɪɚɜɢɥɨ ɜ ɬɟɱɟɧɢɟ ɨɞɧɨɣ – ɞɜɭɯ ɧɟɞɟɥɶ).

Ʉɜɨɬɧɵɣ ɩɟɪɟɫɬɪɚɯɨɜɨɱɧɵɣ ɞɨɝɨɜɨɪ – ɫɨɝɥɚɫɧɨ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɹɦ ɞɚɧɧɨɝɨ ɞɨɝɨɜɨɪɚ ɫɬɪɚɯɨɜɚɹ ɤɨɦɩɚɧɢɹ ɩɟɪɟɞɚɟɬ ɜ ɩɟɪɟɫɬɪɚɯɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɜ ɫɨɝɥɚɫɨɜɚɧɧɨɣ ɫ ɩɟɪɟɫɬɪɚɯɨɜɳɢɤɨɦ ɞɨɥɟ ɜɫɟ ɛɟɡ ɢɫɤɥɸɱɟɧɢɹ ɩɪɢɧɹɬɵɟ ɫɬɪɚɯɨɜɵɟ ɪɢɫɤɢ ɩɨ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɧɨɦɭ ɜɢɞɭ ɫɬɪɚɯɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɢɥɢ ɝɪɭɩɩɟ ɫɦɟɠɧɵɯ ɫɬɪɚɯɨɜɚɧɢɣ. ȼ ɷɬɨɣ ɞɨɥɟ ɩɟɪɟɫɬɪɚɯɨɜɳɢɤɭ ɩɟɪɟɞɚɟɬɫɹ ɩɪɢɱɢɬɚɸɳɚɹɫɹ ɟɦɭ ɩɪɟɦɢɹ, ɢ ɨɧ ɜɨɡɦɟɳɚɟɬ ɩɟɪɟɫɬɪɚɯɨɜɚɬɟɥɸ ɜ ɬɨɣ ɠɟ ɞɨɥɟ ɜɫɟ ɨɩɥɚɱɟɧɧɵɟ ɢɦ ɭɛɵɬɤɢ.

Ʉɨɜɟɪɧɨɬ – ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬ, ɜɵɞɚɜɚɟɦɵɣ ɛɪɨɤɟɪɨɦ ɫɬɪɚɯɨɜɚɬɟɥɸ ɜ ɩɨɞɬɜɟɪɠɞɟɧɢɟ ɬɨɝɨ, ɱɬɨ ɞɨɝɨɜɨɪ ɫɬɪɚɯɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɩɨ ɟɝɨ ɩɨɪɭɱɟɧɢɸ ɡɚɤɥɸɱɟɧ. ȼ ɤɨɜɟɪɧɨɬɟ ɭɤɚɡɵɜɚɸɬɫɹ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɹ ɫɬɪɚɯɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɢ ɫɬɚɜɤɚ ɩɪɟɦɢɢ. ɋɬɪɚɯɨɜɳɢɤ ɧɟ ɧɟɫɟɬ ɸɪɢɞɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ ɩɨ ɤɨɜɟɪɧɨɬɭ, ɜɵɞɚɧɧɨɦɭ ɛɪɨɤɟɪɨɦ. ɇɨ, ɟɫɥɢ ɛɪɨɤɟɪɨɦ ɞɨɩɭɳɟɧɚ ɧɟɛɪɟɠɧɨɫɬɶ, ɢɦɟɸɳɚɹ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɧɵɟ ɩɨɫɥɟɞɫɬɜɢɹ, ɤɨɜɟɪɧɨɬ ɦɨɠɟɬ ɛɵɬɶ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧ ɫɬɪɚɯɨɜɚɬɟɥɟɦ ɜ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɟ ɞɨɤɚɡɚɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɚ ɜɢɧɵ ɛɪɨɤɟɪɚ. Ʉɨɜɟɪɧɨɬ ɩɨɞɥɟɠɢɬ ɡɚɦɟɧɟ ɧɚ ɩɨɥɢɫ, ɬɚɤ ɤɚɤ ɤɨɜɟɪɧɨɬ ɧɟ ɢɦɟɟɬ ɸɪɢɞɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɫɢɥɵ.

Ʉɨɦɦɭɬɚɰɢɨɧɧɵɟ ɱɢɫɥɚ – ɬɟɯɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɩɨɤɚɡɚɬɟɥɢ, ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɟɦɵɟ ɩɪɢ ɪɚɫɱɟɬɟ ɬɚɪɢɮɧɵɯ ɫɬɚɜɨɤ ɩɨ ɫɬɪɚɯɨɜɚɧɢɸ ɠɢɡɧɢ ɞɥɹ ɭɩɪɨɳɟɧɢɹ ɩɪɨɰɟɞɭɪɵ ɪɭɱɧɵɯ ɜɵɱɢɫɥɟɧɢɣ. Ɋɚɫɫɱɢɬɵɜɚɸɬɫɹ ɩɨ ɫɩɟɰɢɚɥɶɧɵɦ ɮɨɪɦɭɥɚɦ ɧɚ ɨɫɧɨɜɟ ɜɵɛɪɚɧɧɨɣ ɬɚɛɥɢɰɵ ɫɦɟɪɬɧɨɫɬɢ ɩɪɢ ɡɚɞɚɧɧɨɣ ɧɨɪɦɟ ɞɨɯɨɞɧɨɫɬɢ.

Ʉɨɬɢɪɨɜɤɚ – ɜ ɫɬɪɚɯɨɜɚɧɢɢ ɫɬɚɜɤɚ ɩɪɟɦɢɢ, ɩɨ ɤɨɬɨɪɨɣ ɫɬɪɚɯɨɜɳɢɤ ɝɨɬɨɜ ɩɪɢɧɹɬɶ ɧɚ ɫɬɪɚɯɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɭɸɳɢɣ ɪɢɫɤ. Ʉɨɬɢɪɨɜɤɚ ɦɨɠɟɬ ɛɵɬɶ ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɚ ɨɬ ɧɟɫɤɨɥɶɤɢɯ ɫɬɪɚɯɨɜɳɢɤɨɜ ɜ ɰɟɥɶɸ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɛɨɥɟɟ ɩɪɢɟɦɥɟɦɵɯ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɣ ɫɬɪɚɯɨɜɚɧɢɹ.

165

Ʉɪɚɠɚ – ɬɚɣɧɨɟ ɯɢɳɟɧɢɟ ɢɦɭɳɟɫɬɜɚ, ɯɢɳɟɧɢɟ ɩɪɢ ɧɟɫɚɧɤɰɢɨɧɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɨɦ ɩɪɨɧɢɤɧɨɜɟɧɢɢ.

Ʉɪɚɬɤɨɫɪɨɱɧɨɟ ɫɬɪɚɯɨɜɚɧɢɟ – ɫɬɪɚɯɨɜɚɧɢɟ, ɡɚɤɥɸɱɟɧɧɨɟ ɧɚ ɫɪɨɤ ɦɟɧɟɟ 12 ɦɟɫɹɰɟɜ; ɜɢɞɵ ɫɬɪɚɯɨɜɚɧɢɹ, ɜ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɯ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨ ɛɵɫɬɪɨɟ ɭɪɟɝɭɥɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɩɪɟɬɟɧɡɢɣ.

Ʉɷɩɬɢɜ – ɚɤɰɢɨɧɟɪɧɚɹ ɤɨɦɩɚɧɢɹ, ɨɛɫɥɭɠɢɜɚɸɳɚɹ ɰɟɥɢɤɨɦ ɢɥɢ ɩɪɟɢɦɭɳɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɨ ɤɨɪɩɨɪɚɬɢɜɧɵɟ ɫɬɪɚɯɨɜɵɟ ɢɧɬɟɪɟɫɵ ɭɱɪɟɞɢɬɟɥɟɣ, ɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɫɚɦɨɫɬɨɹɬɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɯɨɡɹɣɫɬɜɭɸɳɢɯ ɫɭɛɴɟɤɬɨɜ, ɜɯɨɞɹɳɢɯ ɜ ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɭ ɦɧɨɝɨɩɪɨɮɢɥɶɧɵɯ ɤɨɧɰɟɪɧɨɜ ɢɥɢ ɤɪɭɩɧɵɯ ɮɢɧɚɧɫɨɜɨ-ɩɪɨɦɵɲɥɟɧɧɵɯ ɝɪɭɩɩ.

Ʉɷɩɬɢɜɧɵɟ ɤɨɦɩɚɧɢɢ – ɫɬɪɚɯɨɜɵɟ ɤɨɦɩɚɧɢɢ, ɭɱɪɟɠɞɚɟɦɵɟ ɤɪɭɩɧɵɦɢ ɢɧɞɭɫɬɪɢɚɥɶɧɵɦɢ ɢɥɢ ɤɨɦɦɟɪɱɟɫɤɢɦɢ ɤɨɧɰɟɪɧɚɦɢ ɫ ɰɟɥɶɸ ɫɬɪɚɯɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɜɫɟɯ ɢɥɢ ɨɬɱɚɫɬɢ ɩɪɢɧɚɞɥɟɠɚɳɢɯ ɢɦ ɪɢɫɤɨɜ.

Ʌ

Ʌɢɤɜɢɞɚɰɢɹ ɭɛɵɬɤɨɜ – ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫ ɦɟɪɨɩɪɢɹɬɢɣ ɫɬɪɚɯɨɜɳɢɤɚ ɩɨ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɢɸ ɩɪɢɱɢɧ, ɮɚɤɬɨɜ ɢ ɨɛɫɬɨɹɬɟɥɶɫɬɜ (ɩɨɞɬɜɟɪɠɞɟɧɧɵɯ ɧɟɨɩɪɨɜɟɪɠɢɦɵɦɢ ɞɨɤɚɡɚɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɚɦɢ) ɫɬɪɚɯɨɜɨɝɨ ɫɥɭɱɚɹ ɢ ɜɵɩɥɚɬɵ ɫɬɪɚɯɨɜɨɝɨ ɜɨɡɦɟɳɟɧɢɹ.

Ʌɢɦɢɬ ɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ ɫɬɪɚɯɨɜɳɢɤɚ – ɦɚɤɫɢɦɚɥɶɧɚɹ ɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɫɬɶ ɫɬɪɚ-

ɯɨɜɳɢɤɚ, ɜɵɬɟɤɚɸɳɚɹ ɢɡ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɣ ɞɨɝɨɜɨɪɚ ɫɬɪɚɯɨɜɚɧɢɹ.

Ʌɢɦɢɬ ɫɬɪɚɯɨɜɚɧɢɹ – ɫɬɪɚɯɨɜɚɹ ɫɭɦɦɚ, ɭɤɚɡɚɧɧɚɹ ɜ ɞɨɝɨɜɨɪɟ ɫɬɪɚɯɨɜɚɧɢɹ (ɩɨɥɢɫɟ), ɜ ɩɪɟɞɟɥɚɯ ɤɨɬɨɪɨɣ ɫɬɪɚɯɨɜɳɢɤ ɧɟɫɟɬ ɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɫɬɶ ɩɟɪɟɞ ɫɬɪɚɯɨɜɚɬɟɥɟɦ (ɬɪɟɬɶɢɦɢ ɥɢɰɚɦɢ); ɦɚɤɫɢɦɚɥɶɧɚɹ ɫɬɪɚɯɨɜɚɹ ɫɭɦɦɚ, ɧɚ ɤɨɬɨɪɭɸ ɦɨɠɧɨ ɡɚɫɬɪɚɯɨɜɚɬɶ ɢɦɭɳɟɫɬɜɨ ɢɥɢ ɡɚɤɥɸɱɢɬɶ ɞɨɝɨɜɨɪ ɥɢɱɧɨɝɨ ɫɬɪɚɯɨɜɚɧɢɹ. ɉɨ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɧɨɦɭ ɩɨɥɢɫɭ ɦɚɤɫɢɦɚɥɶɧɚɹ ɫɬɪɚɯɨɜɚɹ ɜɵɩɥɚɬɚ, ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɚɹ ɩɨ ɤɚɠɞɨɦɭ ɫɬɪɚɯɨɜɨɦɭ ɫɥɭɱɚɸ, ɢ ɜ ɰɟɥɨɦ ɩɨ ɫɭɦɦɟ ɜɵɩɥɚɬ ɜ ɬɟɱɟɧɢɟ ɝɨɞɚ.

Ʌɢɰɟɧɡɢɹ – ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬ ɜ ɩɢɫɶɦɟɧɧɨɣ ɮɨɪɦɟ, ɭɞɨɫɬɨɜɟɪɹɸɳɢɣ ɩɪɚɜɨ ɟɟ ɜɥɚɞɟɥɶɰɚ ɧɚ ɩɪɨɜɟɞɟɧɢɟ ɫɬɪɚɯɨɜɨɣ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ɩɨ ɜɢɞɚɦ ɫɬɪɚɯɨɜɚɧɢɹ, ɭɤɚɡɚɧɧɵɦ ɜ ɩɟɪɟɱɧɟ ɤ ɥɢɰɟɧɡɢɢ. ȼɵɞɚɟɬɫɹ Ⱦɟɩɚɪɬɚɦɟɧɬɨɦ Ɇɢɧɮɢɧɚ Ɋɨɫɫɢɢ ɩɨ ɧɚɞɡɨɪɭ ɡɚ ɫɬɪɚɯɨɜɨɣ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɶɸ.

Ʌɢɱɧɨɟ ɫɬɪɚɯɨɜɚɧɢɟ – ɨɬɪɚɫɥɶ ɫɬɪɚɯɨɜɚɧɢɹ, ɝɞɟ ɜ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɟ ɨɛɴɟɤɬɨɜ ɫɬɪɚɯɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɜɵɫɬɭɩɚɸɬ ɠɢɡɧɶ, ɡɞɨɪɨɜɶɟ, ɬɪɭɞɨɫɩɨɫɨɛɧɨɫɬɶ ɱɟɥɨɜɟɤɚ.

«Ʌɥɨɣɞ» – Ɇɟɠɞɭɧɚɪɨɞɧɚɹ ɫɬɪɚɯɨɜɚɹ ɤɨɪɩɨɪɚɰɢɹ, ɬɟɪɪɢɬɨɪɢɚɥɶɧɨ ɪɚɡɦɟɳɟɧɧɚɹ ɜ Ʌɨɧɞɨɧɫɤɨɦ ɋɢɬɢ ɤɚɤ ɦɢɪɨɜɨɦ ɮɢɧɚɧɫɨɜɨɦ ɰɟɧɬɪɟ.

Ɇ

Ɇɚɤɫɢɦɚɥɶɧɨ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɵɣ ɭɛɵɬɨɤ – ɨɰɟɧɨɱɧɨ-ɦɚɤɫɢɦɚɥɶɧɵɣ ɪɚɡɦɟɪ ɭɳɟɪɛɚ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɣ ɦɨɠɟɬ ɛɵɬɶ ɩɪɢɱɢɧɟɧ ɨɛɴɟɤɬɭ ɫɬɪɚɯɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɜ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɟ ɫɬɪɚɯɨɜɨɝɨ ɫɥɭɱɚɹ, ɬ.ɟ. ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɟɬɫɹ, ɦɨɠɟɬ ɥɢ ɩɪɢ ɧɚɫɬɭɩɥɟɧɢɢ ɬɚɤɨɝɨ ɫɥɭɱɚɹ ɨɛɴɟɤɬ ɫɬɪɚɯɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɛɵɬɶ ɩɨɥɧɨɫɬɶɸ ɭɧɢɱɬɨɠɟɧ ɢɥɢ ɩɪɢ ɥɸɛɵɯ ɨɛɫɬɨɹɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɚɯ ɭɳɟɪɛ ɧɟ ɩɪɟɜɵɫɢɬ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɪɚɡɦɟɪɚ (50 %, 70 %).

Ɇɟɞɢɰɢɧɫɤɢɟ ɫɬɪɚɯɨɜɵɟ ɨɛɳɟɫɬɜɚ – ɨɫɨɛɚɹ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɨɧɧɚɹ ɮɨɪɦɚ ɫɬɪɚɯɨɜɨɣ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ, ɜɵɫɬɭɩɚɸɳɚɹ ɤɚɤ ɮɨɪɦɚ ɫɨɰɢɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɡɚɳɢɬɵ ɢɧɬɟɪɟɫɨɜ ɧɚɫɟɥɟɧɢɹ ɜ ɨɯɪɚɧɟ ɡɞɨɪɨɜɶɹ.

Ɇɨɪɫɤɨɟ ɫɬɪɚɯɨɜɚɧɢɟ – ɡɚɳɢɬɚ ɢɦɭɳɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɯ ɢɧɬɟɪɟɫɨɜ ɭɱɚɫɬɧɢɤɨɜ ɦɨɪɫɤɨɝɨ ɩɪɟɞɩɪɢɹɬɢɹ ɨɬ ɪɢɫɤɨɜ, ɫɜɹɡɚɧɧɵɯ ɫ ɨɩɚɫɧɨɫɬɹɦɢ ɢ ɫɥɭɱɚɣɧɨɫɬɹɦɢ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɦ ɩɨɞɜɟɪɝɚɸɬɫɹ ɫɭɞɧɨ, ɝɪɭɡ ɢ ɮɪɚɯɬ. Ʉ ɦɨɪɫɤɨɦɭ ɫɬɪɚɯɨɜɚɧɢɸ ɨɬɧɨɫɢɬɫɹ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɫɬɪɚɯɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ ɫɭɞɨɜɥɚɞɟɥɶɰɟɜ. Ɉɛɴɟɦ ɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ ɫɬɪɚɯɨɜɳɢɤɚ, ɜɡɚɢɦɨɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɹ ɫɬɨɪɨɧ ɞɨ ɢ ɩɨɫɥɟ ɧɚɫɬɭɩɥɟɧɢɹ ɭɛɵɬɤɚ ɢ ɬ.ɞ. ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɸɬɫɹ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɭɸɳɢɦɢ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɹɦɢ ɫɬɪɚɯɨɜɚɧɢɹ.

166

ɷɬɨɦ ɩɭɧɤɬɟ. ɑɚɫɬɢɱɧɵɟ ɭɛɵɬɤɢ ɜ ɝɪɭɡɚɯ ɨɛɵɱɧɨ ɤɚɥɶɤɭɥɢɪɭɸɬɫɹ ɧɚ ɛɚɡɟ ɛɪɭɬɬɨɫɬɨɢɦɨɫɬɢ, ɬ.ɟ. ɜɤɥɸɱɚɹ ɪɚɫɯɨɞɵ ɩɨ ɜɵɝɪɭɡɤɟ, ɟɫɥɢ, ɨɞɧɚɤɨ, ɧɟ ɨɝɨɜɨɪɟɧɨ ɩɪɢɦɟɧɟɧɢɟ ɧɟɬɬɨ-ɫɬɨɢɦɨɫɬɢ. ȼ ɪɚɫɱɟɬɵ ɩɨ ɤɨɧɬɪɚɛɭɰɢɨɧɧɨɦɭ ɤɚɩɢɬɚɥɭ ɩɪɢ ɨɛɳɢɯ ɚɜɚɪɢɹɯ ɢ ɩɪɢ ɪɚɫɱɟɬɚɯ ɩɨ ɫɩɚɫɚɧɢɸ ɩɪɢɦɟɧɹɟɬɫɹ ɧɟɬɬɨ-ɫɬɨɢɦɨɫɬɶ.

ɇɟɬɬɨ-ɭɞɟɪɠɚɧɢɟ – ɫɭɦɦɚ ɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ, ɤɨɬɨɪɭɸ ɩɟɪɟɫɬɪɚɯɨɜɚɬɟɥɶ ɭɞɟɪɠɢɜɚɟɬ ɧɚ ɫɜɨɟɦ ɪɢɫɤɟ ɩɨ ɩɪɢɧɹɬɨɦɭ ɫɬɪɚɯɨɜɚɧɢɸ ɢɥɢ ɩɟɪɟɫɬɪɚɯɨɜɚɧɢɸ ɩɨɫɥɟ ɩɟɪɟɞɚɱɢ ɩɟɪɟɫɬɪɚɯɨɜɳɢɤɚɦ ɫɨɝɥɚɫɨɜɚɧɧɨɣ ɞɨɥɢ ɜ ɩɟɪɟɫɬɪɚɯɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɢɥɢ ɪɟɬɪɨɰɟɫɫɢɸ.

Ɉ

Ɉɛɟɫɩɟɱɟɧɢɟ ɫɬɪɚɯɨɜɨɟ – ɫɬɪɚɯɨɜɚɹ ɜɵɩɥɚɬɚ, ɤɨɬɨɪɭɸ ɞɨɥɠɟɧ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɟɫɬɢ ɫɬɪɚɯɨɜɳɢɤ ɩɪɢ ɧɚɫɬɭɩɥɟɧɢɢ ɫɬɪɚɯɨɜɨɝɨ ɫɥɭɱɚɹ ɩɨ ɞɨɝɨɜɨɪɭ ɥɢɱɧɨɝɨ ɫɬɪɚɯɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɢɥɢ ɫɬɪɚɯɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ, ɩɨɜɥɟɤɲɟɝɨ ɡɚ ɫɨɛɨɣ ɫɦɟɪɬɶ, ɭɜɟɱɶɟ ɢɥɢ ɢɧɨɣ ɭɳɟɪɛ ɡɞɨɪɨɜɶɸ ɫɬɪɚɯɨɜɚɬɟɥɹ ɢɥɢ ɬɪɟɬɶɟɝɨ ɥɢɰɚ. ɋɢɧɨɧɢɦ – ɫɬɪɚɯɨɜɨɟ ɩɨɤɪɵɬɢɟ – ɚɛɫɨɥɸɬɧɨɟ ɜɵɪɚɠɟɧɢɟ ɫɭɦɦɵ, ɧɚ ɤɨɬɨɪɭɸ ɡɚɫɬɪɚɯɨɜɚɧɵ ɨɬɞɟɥɶɧɵɟ ɨɛɴɟɤɬɵ ɢɥɢ ɜɫɟ ɢɦɭɳɟɫɬɜɨ ɫɬɪɚɯɨɜɚɬɟɥɹ; ɫɬɨɢɦɨɫɬɧɚɹ ɨɰɟɧɤɚ ɨɛɹɡɚɬɟɥɶɫɬɜ, ɩɪɢɧɹɬɵɯ ɧɚ ɪɢɫɤ ɫɬɪɚɯɨɜɳɢɤɨɦ, ɩɨ ɨɬɞɟɥɶɧɵɦ ɜɢɞɚɦ ɢɥɢ ɜɫɟɣ ɫɨɜɨɤɭɩɧɨɫɬɢ ɩɪɨɜɨɞɢɦɵɯ ɢɦ ɜɢɞɨɜ ɨɩɟɪɚɰɢɣ. Ɇɨɠɟɬ ɜɵɩɥɚɱɢɜɚɬɶɫɹ ɡɚɫɬɪɚɯɨɜɚɧɧɨɦɭ, ɜɵɝɨɞɨɩɪɢɨɛɪɟɬɚɬɟɥɸ ɢɥɢ ɧɚɫɥɟɞɧɢɤɭ ɩɨ ɡɚɤɨɧɭ.

Ɉɛɥɢɝɚɬɨɪɧɨɟ ɩɟɪɟɫɬɪɚɯɨɜɚɧɢɟ – ɨɞɧɚ ɢɡ ɮɨɪɦ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɩɟɪɟɫɬɪɚɯɨɜɨɱɧɨɣ ɡɚɳɢɬɵ ɫɬɪɚɯɨɜɨɣ ɤɨɦɩɚɧɢɢ, ɩɪɢ ɤɨɬɨɪɨɣ ɫɬɪɚɯɨɜɳɢɤ (ɩɟɪɟɫɬɪɚɯɨɜɚɬɟɥɶ) ɨɛɹɡɭɟɬɫɹ ɩɟɪɟɞɚɜɚɬɶ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɧɭɸ ɱɚɫɬɶ (ɜɵɪɚɠɟɧɧɭɸ ɥɢɛɨ ɜ ɩɪɨɰɟɧɬɧɨɦ ɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɢ, ɥɢɛɨ ɜ ɚɛɫɨɥɸɬɧɨɣ ɜɟɥɢɱɢɧɟ) ɪɢɫɤɨɜ ɜ ɩɟɪɟɫɬɪɚɯɨɜɚɧɢɟ, ɚ ɩɟɪɟɫɬɪɚɯɨɜɳɢɤ ɨɛɹɡɭɟɬɫɹ ɩɪɢɧɢɦɚɬɶ ɷɬɭ ɱɚɫɬɶ ɪɢɫɤɨɜ ɧɚ ɡɚɪɚɧɟɟ ɨɝɨɜɨɪɟɧɧɵɯ ɢ ɫɨɝɥɚɫɨɜɚɧɧɵɯ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɹɯ.

Ɉɛɳɟɫɬɜɨ ɜɡɚɢɦɧɨɝɨ ɫɬɪɚɯɨɜɚɧɢɹ – ɷɬɨ ɧɟɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɚɹ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɨɧɧɚɹ ɮɨɪɦɚ ɫɬɪɚɯɨɜɚɧɢɹ, ɤɨɬɨɪɚɹ ɜɵɪɚɠɚɟɬ ɞɨɝɨɜɨɪɟɧɧɨɫɬɶ ɦɟɠɞɭ ɝɪɭɩɩɨɣ ɮɢɡɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɢ/ɢɥɢ ɸɪɢɞɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɥɢɰ ɨ ɜɨɡɦɟɳɟɧɢɢ ɞɪɭɝ ɞɪɭɝɭ ɛɭɞɭɳɢɯ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɵɯ ɭɛɵɬɤɨɜ ɜ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɧɵɯ ɞɨɥɹɯ ɫɨɝɥɚɫɧɨ ɩɪɢɧɹɬɵɦ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɹɦ. ɂɧɵɦɢ ɫɥɨɜɚɦɢ, ɜɡɚɢɦɧɚɹ ɫɬɪɚɯɨɜɚɹ ɤɨɦɩɚɧɢɹ, ɱɥɟɧɚɦɢ ɢ ɜɥɚɞɟɥɶɰɚɦɢ ɤɨɬɨɪɨɣ ɹɜɥɹɸɬɫɹ ɞɟɪɠɚɬɟɥɢ ɫɬɪɚɯɨɜɵɯ ɩɨɥɢɫɨɜ.

Ɉɛɴɟɤɬ ɫɬɪɚɯɨɜɚɧɢɹ – ɢɧɬɟɪɟɫ, ɹɜɥɹɸɳɢɣɫɹ ɩɪɢɱɢɧɨɣ ɢ ɰɟɥɶɸ ɫɬɪɚɯɨɜɚɧɢɹ; ɜ ɥɢɱɧɨɦ ɫɬɪɚɯɨɜɚɧɢɢ: ɠɢɡɧɶ, ɡɞɨɪɨɜɶɟ ɢ ɬɪɭɞɨɫɩɨɫɨɛɧɨɫɬɶ ɝɪɚɠɞɚɧ; ɜ ɢɦɭɳɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɦ ɫɬɪɚɯɨɜɚɧɢɢ: ɡɞɚɧɢɹ, ɫɨɨɪɭɠɟɧɢɹ, ɬɪɚɧɫɩɨɪɬɧɵɟ ɫɪɟɞɫɬɜɚ ɮɪɚɯɬ, ɤɨɥɥɟɤɰɢɢ, ɞɨɦɚɲɧɟɟ ɢɦɭɳɟɫɬɜɨ, ɩɟɪɟɜɨɡɢɦɵɟ ɝɪɭɡɵ ɢ ɞɪɭɝɢɟ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɶɧɵɟ ɰɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ; ɜ ɫɬɪɚɯɨɜɚɧɢɢ ɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ: ɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɫɬɶ ɡɚ ɢɦɭɳɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɟ ɢɧɬɟɪɟɫɵ ɬɪɟɬɶɢɯ ɥɢɰ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɦɨɝɭɬ ɛɵɬɶ ɧɚɪɭɲɟɧɵ ɫɬɪɚɯɨɜɚɬɟɥɟɦ (ɧɚɩɪɢɦɟɪ, ɩɪɢ ɷɤɫɩɥɭɚɬɚɰɢɢ ɫɪɟɞɫɬɜ ɩɨɜɵɲɟɧɧɨɣ ɨɩɚɫɧɨɫɬɢ).

Ɉɛɴɟɦ ɫɬɪɚɯɨɜɨɝɨ ɩɨɤɪɵɬɢɹ – ɩɟɪɟɱɟɧɶ ɤɨɧɤɪɟɬɧɵɯ ɫɨɛɵɬɢɣ (ɧɚɩɪɢɦɟɪ, ɤɪɚɠɚ, ɩɨɠɚɪ, ɡɟɦɥɟɬɪɹɫɟɧɢɟ ɢ ɬ.ɞ.), ɩɪɟɞɭɫɦɨɬɪɟɧɧɵɯ ɡɚɤɨɧɨɦ, ɢɥɢ ɞɨɝɨɜɨɪɨɦ ɫɬɪɚɯɨɜɚɧɢɹ, ɩɪɢ ɧɚɫɬɭɩɥɟɧɢɢ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɯ ɫɬɪɚɯɨɜɳɢɤ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɢɬ ɜɵɩɥɚɬɭ ɫɬɪɚɯɨɜɚɬɟɥɸ ɡɚ ɫɱɟɬ ɫɪɟɞɫɬɜ ɫɬɪɚɯɨɜɨɝɨ ɮɨɧɞɚ.

Ɉɛɴɟɦ ɫɬɪɚɯɨɜɨɣ ɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ – ɦɚɤɫɢɦɚɥɶɧɚɹ ɫɭɦɦɚ, ɤɨɬɨɪɚɹ ɦɨɠɟɬ ɛɵɬɶ ɜɵɩɥɚɱɟɧɚ ɫɬɪɚɯɨɜɳɢɤɨɦ ɫɬɪɚɯɨɜɚɬɟɥɸ ɞɥɹ ɜɨɡɦɟɳɟɧɢɹ ɭɳɟɪɛɚ ɜ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɟ ɧɚɫɬɭɩɥɟɧɢɹ ɫɬɪɚɯɨɜɨɝɨ ɫɥɭɱɚɹ, ɫɨɛɵɬɢɹ, ɩɪɨɢɫɲɟɫɬɜɢɹ. Ɉɛɵɱɧɨ ɩɪɢɦɟɧɹɟɬɫɹ ɜ ɫɬɪɚɯɨɜɵɯ ɞɨɝɨɜɨɪɚɯ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɧɟ ɢɦɟɸɬ ɫɬɪɚɯɨɜɨɣ ɫɭɦɦɵ (ɫɬɪɚɯɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ).

Ɉɛɹɡɚɧɧɨɫɬɶ ɩɨ ɭɦɟɧɶɲɟɧɢɸ ɭɛɵɬɤɨɜ – ɭɫɥɨɜɢɟ ɨ ɜɨɡɦɟɳɟɧɢɢ ɫɬɪɚɯɨɜɳɢɤɨɦ ɢɡɞɟɪɠɟɤ ɫɬɪɚɯɨɜɚɬɟɥɹ, ɫɜɹɡɚɧɧɵɯ ɫ ɩɪɟɞɭɩɪɟɠɞɟɧɢɟɦ ɝɢɛɟɥɢ ɡɚɫɬɪɚɯɨɜɚɧɧɨɝɨ ɢɦɭɳɟɫɬɜɚ ɢɥɢ ɩɨ ɜɡɵɫɤɚɧɢɸ ɢɦ ɭɛɵɬɤɨɜ ɫ ɬɪɟɬɶɢɯ ɥɢɰ. ɂɦɟɟɬɫɹ ɜ ɜɢɞɭ, ɱɬɨ ɫɬɪɚɯɨɜɚɬɟɥɶ ɨɛɹɡɚɧ ɜ ɥɸɛɨɟ ɜɪɟɦɹ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɨɜɚɬɶ ɬɚɤ, ɤɚɤ ɟɫɥɢ ɛɵ ɟɝɨ ɢɦɭɳɟɫɬɜɨ ɧɟ ɛɵɥɨ

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ɡɚɫɬɪɚɯɨɜɚɧɨ, ɢ ɩɪɢɧɢɦɚɬɶ ɬɚɤɢɟ ɦɟɪɵ ɩɨ ɫɨɯɪɚɧɟɧɢɸ ɡɚɫɬɪɚɯɨɜɚɧɧɨɝɨ ɢɦɭɳɟɫɬɜɚ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɦɨɝɥɢ ɛɵ ɛɵɬɶ ɩɪɢɧɹɬɵ ɪɚɱɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɦ ɯɨɡɹɢɧɨɦ, ɜɥɚɞɟɸɳɢɦ ɧɟɡɚɫɬɪɚɯɨɜɚɧɧɵɦ ɢɦɭɳɟɫɬɜɨɦ.

Ɉɛɹɡɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɟ ɦɟɞɢɰɢɧɫɤɨɟ ɫɬɪɚɯɨɜɚɧɢɟ – ɫɬɪɚɯɨɜɚɧɢɟ, ɤɨɬɨɪɨɟ ɩɪɢɡɜɚɧɨ ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɢɬɶ ɜɫɟɦ ɝɪɚɠɞɚɧɚɦ ɊɎ ɪɚɜɧɵɟ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɫɬɢ ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɢɹ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɭɪɨɜɧɹ ɦɟɞɢɰɢɧɫɤɢɯ ɭɫɥɭɝ ɩɪɢ ɜɨɡɧɢɤɧɨɜɟɧɢɢ ɩɨɬɪɟɛɧɨɫɬɢ ɜ ɧɢɯ.

Ɉɛɹɡɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɟ ɫɬɪɚɯɨɜɚɧɢɟ – ɮɨɪɦɚ ɫɬɪɚɯɨɜɚɧɢɹ, ɨɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɥɹɟɦɨɝɨ ɜ ɫɢɥɭ ɡɚɤɨɧɚ, ɧɚɩɪɢɦɟɪ, ɫɬɪɚɯɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɩɚɫɫɚɠɢɪɨɜ, ɩɨɥɶɡɭɸɳɢɯɫɹ ɭɫɥɭɝɚɦɢ ɚɜɢɚɢɥɢ ɠɟɥɟɡɧɨɞɨɪɨɠɧɨɝɨ ɬɪɚɧɫɩɨɪɬɚ, ɨɛɹɡɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɟ ɦɟɞɢɰɢɧɫɤɨɟ ɫɬɪɚɯɨɜɚɧɢɟ, ɫɬɪɚɯɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɝɪɚɠɞɚɧɫɤɨɣ ɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ ɢ ɬ.ɩ. Ɉɧɨ ɜɜɨɞɢɬɫɹ ɢ ɨɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɧɚ ɨɫɧɨɜɚɧɢɢ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɭɸɳɢɯ ɡɚɤɨɧɨɞɚɬɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɚɤɬɨɜ, ɜ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɯ ɨɝɨɜɚɪɢɜɚɸɬɫɹ ɩɨɪɹɞɨɤ ɢ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɹ ɞɚɧɧɨɣ ɮɨɪɦɵ ɫɬɪɚɯɨɜɚɧɢɹ, ɨɛɹɡɚɬɟɥɶɧɵɟ ɞɥɹ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɟɧɢɹ ɤɚɤ ɫɬɪɚɯɨɜɚɬɟɥɟɦ, ɬɚɤ ɢ ɫɬɪɚɯɨɜɳɢɤɨɦ.

Ɉɝɪɚɧɢɱɟɧɢɟ ɠɢɡɧɟɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ – ɨɬɤɥɨɧɟɧɢɟ ɨɬ ɧɨɪɦɵ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ɱɟɥɨɜɟɤɚ ɜɫɥɟɞɫɬɜɢɟ ɧɚɪɭɲɟɧɢɹ ɡɞɨɪɨɜɶɹ. ɏɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɡɭɟɬɫɹ ɨɝɪɚɧɢɱɟɧɢɟɦ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɧɨɫɬɟɣ ɨɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɥɹɬɶ ɫɚɦɨɨɛɫɥɭɠɢɜɚɧɢɟ, ɩɟɪɟɞɜɢɠɟɧɢɟ, ɨɪɢɟɧɬɚɰɢɸ, ɨɛɳɟɧɢɟ, ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɶ ɡɚ ɫɜɨɢɦ ɩɨɜɟɞɟɧɢɟɦ, ɨɛɭɱɟɧɢɟ ɢ ɬɪɭɞɨɜɭɸ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ.

Ɉɝɪɚɧɢɱɟɧɧɚɹ ɫɬɪɚɯɨɜɚɹ ɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɫɬɶ ɩɪɟɞɩɨɥɚɝɚɟɬ ɭɡɤɢɣ ɢ ɤɨɧɤɪɟɬɧɵɣ ɩɟɪɟɱɟɧɶ ɫɬɪɚɯɨɜɵɯ ɪɢɫɤɨɜ, ɬ.ɟ. ɨɩɚɫɧɨɫɬɟɣ, ɩɪɢ ɧɚɫɬɭɩɥɟɧɢɢ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɯ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɢɬɫɹ ɜɵɩɥɚɬɚ.

ɈɋȺȽɈ – ɨɛɹɡɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɟ ɫɬɪɚɯɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɚɜɬɨɝɪɚɠɞɚɧɫɤɨɣ ɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ. Ɉɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɫɬɶ – ɨɛɹɡɚɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɚ ɫɬɪɚɯɨɜɳɢɤɚ ɩɨ ɜɨɡɦɟɳɟɧɢɸ ɭɛɵɬɤɨɜ ɜ ɭɫɬɚ-

ɧɨɜɥɟɧɧɵɯ ɞɨɝɨɜɨɪɨɦ ɫɬɪɚɯɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɫɬɨɢɦɨɫɬɧɵɯ ɝɪɚɧɢɰɚɯ (ɫɦ. ɫɬɪɚɯɨɜɚɹ ɫɭɦɦɚ,

ɥɢɦɢɬ ɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ ɫɬɪɚɯɨɜɳɢɤɚ) ɩɪɢ ɧɚɫɬɭɩɥɟɧɢɢ ɫɨɛɵɬɢɹ (ɫɨɛɵɬɢɣ) ɢɡ ɩɟɪɟɱɢɫɥɟɧɧɵɯ ɜ ɞɨɝɨɜɨɪɟ ɜ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɟ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɵɯ ɫɬɪɚɯɨɜɵɯ ɫɥɭɱɚɟɜ ɢ/ɢɥɢ ɧɟ ɩɨɞɩɚɞɚɸɳɟɝɨ ɩɨɞ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɧɵɣ ɞɨɝɨɜɨɪɨɦ ɩɟɪɟɱɟɧɶ ɢɫɤɥɸɱɟɧɢɣ ɢɡ ɫɬɪɚɯɨɜɚɧɢɹ.

Ɉɰɟɧɤɚ ɫɬɪɚɯɨɜɚɹ – ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɹ ɮɚɤɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɫɬɨɢɦɨɫɬɢ ɞɜɢɠɢɦɨɝɨ ɢ ɧɟɞɜɢɠɢɦɨɝɨ ɢɦɭɳɟɫɬɜɚ, ɩɪɢɧɢɦɚɟɦɨɝɨ ɢɥɢ ɩɪɢɧɹɬɨɝɨ ɧɚ ɫɬɪɚɯɨɜɚɧɢɟ. ɇɚ ɟɟ ɨɫɧɨɜɟ ɪɚɫɫɱɢɬɵɜɚɸɬɫɹ ɫɬɪɚɯɨɜɚɹ ɫɭɦɦɚ ɢ ɫɬɪɚɯɨɜɵɟ ɩɥɚɬɟɠɢ, ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɸɬɫɹ ɨɛɴɟɦ ɩɨɧɟɫɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɭɳɟɪɛɚ ɢ ɪɚɡɦɟɪ ɫɬɪɚɯɨɜɨɣ ɜɵɩɥɚɬɵ.

Ɉɰɟɧɨɱɧɚɹ ɫɬɨɢɦɨɫɬɶ ɬɪɚɧɫɩɨɪɬɧɨɝɨ ɫɪɟɞɫɬɜɚ – ɷɬɨ ɨɰɟɧɤɚ ɪɵɧɨɱɧɨɣ ɫɬɨɢɦɨ-

ɫɬɢ ɬɪɚɧɫɩɨɪɬɧɨɝɨ ɫɪɟɞɫɬɜɚ. Ɉɧɚ ɦɨɠɟɬ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɬɶɫɹ ɤɚɤ ɫɭɦɦɚ ɜɨɡɦɟɳɟɧɢɹ ɫɬɪɚɯɨɜɚɬɟɥɸ ɡɚ ɭɳɟɪɛ, ɜɵɡɜɚɧɧɨɣ ɭɬɪɚɬɨɣ ɢɥɢ ɩɨɜɪɟɠɞɟɧɢɟɦ ɢɦɭɳɟɫɬɜɚ.

ɉ

ɉɚɪɤɨɜɚɹ ɫɤɢɞɤɚ – ɫɤɢɞɤɚ, ɩɪɟɞɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɸɳɚɹɫɹ ɩɪɢ ɫɬɪɚɯɨɜɚɧɢɢ ɫɪɚɡɭ ɧɟɫɤɨɥɶɤɢɯ ɚɜɬɨɦɨɛɢɥɟɣ.

ɉɚɭɲɚɥɶɧɚɹ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɚ – ɩɪɢ ɫɬɪɚɯɨɜɚɧɢɢ ɜɨɞɢɬɟɥɹ ɢ ɩɚɫɫɚɠɢɪɨɜ ɧɚɡɟɦɧɨɝɨ ɬɪɚɧɫɩɨɪɬɚ, ɜ ɩɨɥɢɫɟ ɨɬɞɟɥɶɧɨ ɨɝɨɜɚɪɢɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɨɛɳɚɹ ɫɬɪɚɯɨɜɚɹ ɫɭɦɦɚ ɩɨ ɜɫɟɦ ɧɚɯɨɞɹɳɢɦɫɹ ɜ ɫɪɟɞɫɬɜɟ ɧɚɡɟɦɧɨɝɨ ɬɪɚɧɫɩɨɪɬɚ ɩɚɫɫɚɠɢɪɚɦ ɫ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɢɟɦ ɥɢɦɢɬɨɜ ɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ ɫɬɪɚɯɨɜɳɢɤɚ ɩɨ ɨɞɧɨɦɭ ɩɨɫɬɪɚɞɚɜɲɟɦɭ.

ɉɟɪɟɫɬɪɚɯɨɜɚɧɢɟ – ɫɢɫɬɟɦɚ ɷɤɨɧɨɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɣ, ɜ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɢɢ ɫ ɤɨɬɨɪɨɣ ɫɬɪɚɯɨɜɳɢɤ, ɩɪɢɧɢɦɚɹ ɧɚ ɫɬɪɚɯɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɪɢɫɤɢ, ɱɚɫɬɶ ɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ ɩɨ ɧɢɦ (ɫ ɭɱɟɬɨɦ ɫɜɨɢɯ ɮɢɧɚɧɫɨɜɵɯ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɫɬɟɣ) ɩɟɪɟɞɚɟɬ ɧɚ ɫɨɝɥɚɫɨɜɚɧɧɵɯ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɹɯ ɞɪɭɝɢɦ ɫɬɪɚɯɨɜɳɢɤɚɦ ɫ ɰɟɥɶɸ ɫɨɡɞɚɧɢɹ ɫɛɚɥɚɧɫɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɨɝɨ ɫɬɪɚɯɨɜɨɝɨ ɩɨɪɬɮɟɥɹ.

ɉɟɪɟɫɬɪɚɯɨɜɨɱɧɚɹ ɤɨɦɢɫɫɢɹ – ɱɚɫɬɶ ɩɪɟɦɢɢ, ɭɞɟɪɠɢɜɚɟɦɚɹ ɩɟɪɟɞɚɸɳɟɣ ɤɨɦɩɚɧɢɟɣ ɜ ɫɜɨɸ ɩɨɥɶɡɭ ɩɪɢ ɩɟɪɟɞɚɱɟ ɪɢɫɤɚ ɜ ɩɟɪɟɫɬɪɚɯɨɜɚɧɢɟ. Ɇɨɠɟɬ ɢɫɱɢɫɥɹɬɶɫɹ ɫ ɛɪɭɬɬɨɢɥɢ ɧɟɬɬɨ-ɩɪɟɦɢɢ.

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