Учебное пособие по английскому

Introductory Section

Formal/Neutral

Informal

Welcoming a speaker

I’d like to introduce …

It’s good to have … here

I’d like to welcome …

It’s a pleasure to welcome

…

On behalf of …, may I

welcome to …

Thanking someone

Thank you for giving me

Thanks. It’s great to be

this opportunity to speak

here.

to you today.

Thank you. I’m glad to be

here.

Greeting people

Good evening, ladies and

Morning everyone.

gentlemen.

Welcome.

Hello. Thank you all for

Hello. It’s good to see you

coming.

all here.

Thanks for coming.

Getting people’s attention

Perhaps we should begin.

Ok, let’s get started.

Fine. If we are all here,

Ok, let’s make a start.

I’ll begin.

Right. If everyone’s

ready, let’s start.

Introducing yourself

Let me introduce myself.

As you know, I’m …

I’m …

I’m in charge of …

Before I continue, let me

I’m Senior Sales

tell you something about

Executive.

myself.

My name is …

For those who don’t know

me, my name is … and

I’m the managing

director.

I’m responsible for …

Effective Openings

Suppose … How would

On the way here, I saw …

you…

A funny thing happened

Statistics show that …

to me the other day …

According to the latest

You know, …

study,

When I think about …

I noticed in the news last

I’m reminded of …

weak

Did you know that …

How many of you hate

…?

Raise you hands. Thanks.

Explaining why you are

I’ve been asked to speak

What I want to do this

talking (Stating your

to you about …

morning is …

purpose)

My purpose today is to …

The reason we are here

My objective today is to

today is to …

…

What I am going to do

Sam … asked me to

today is to review …

present my ideas …

There are some important

I promised to report the

issues I want to go

results of our survey to

through this morning …

you.

Today I’d like to talk

about …

This morning I’m going

to be talking to you about

…

Today I would like to

give you a general

overview of …

Today I’m going to report

on the results of …

Today I’ll be showing you

how to deal with …

This afternoon we will be

exploring …

In my presentation today

I’ll be outlining …

Outlining a presentation

So, I’ll begin by filling

I want to start with …

you in on the background

And then … lastly …

to (the project).

First, I want to focus on

… and then I’ll go on to

…

highlight what I see as the

After that I …

main …

Finally, I want to outline

I’m going to develop

…

three main points. First,

… Second, …Third, …

I’ve divided my

presentation into three

main points. I would like

to begin with …

I would like to start by

bringing you up-to-date

on (with) the latest

findings of the study and

then I’ll go on to discuss

in more depth the

implications of …

So, I’ll be addressing

three main points and the

first point is going to be

… The second point will

be …

And finally the last point

is …

Stating what the audience

If you have any questions,

I’m happy to take any

need to do

I’d be grateful if you

questions after that …

could leave them until the

Please feel free to ask

end.

questions as we go along

Questions

Perhaps we can leave any

…

questions you may have

Please save any questions

until the end of the

for the end of the talk.

presentation.

I’m happy to answer any

If you have any questions

questions as I talk.

you’d like to ask, I’ll be

Don’t worry, there’ll be

happy to answer them.

plenty of time left over

Please feel free to

the questions at the end.

interrupt me at any time if

If you have any questions,

you have a question…

please feel free to stop

Handouts

me.

I’ll pass round copies of

Don’t worry about taking

my slides so you can

notes while I talk. I have a

make notes as I go

handout with the main

through the

points of my presentation,

presentation…

which I’ll give you after

You don’t need to take

end.

notes as we’ll be handing

Before I start, I have a

out presentation booklets.

handout for you.

I have copies of the

Would you like to take

statistics and tables. I’ll

one?

give these to you later.

Here you are.

The figures are on a sheet

Please feel free to give me

which you can have later.

your feedback.

Main Section

Linking words

Sequence

Firstly, … Secondly, … Finally, …

First (of all) … Then …. Next ….

Finally/Lastly ….

Generalizing

In general, …. On the whole, …

Usually, …

As a rule, … Typically, … Basically,

….

Broadly speaking, ….Briefly, …. To put

it briefly, …

Contrast

But, ….However, ….Nevertheless,

….On the other hand, ….. Still, …Yet,

…

Even so,… Although, …Even though,

…Though, …. In spite of the fact that,

…

Despite the fact that, … While, ….

Adding another point

In addition, … Moreover, … What is

more, … Furthermore, …Apart from

this/that,

In addition (to this), … Besides (this),

…

Examples

For example, … For instance, … Such

as, …. Like, … Particularly, … In

particular,… Especially, ….

Alternatives

Either …or…Alternatively, … Instead

of…

Real (surprising) situation

In fact, … Actually, … As a matter of

fact, … In practice, … Indeed, …

Something is obvious

Clearly, …Obviously, …Of course,

…Naturally, …Needless to say, …

Clarifying /rephrasing

In other words, …That is today, … To

put it another way, ….

Advantages and disadvantages

One advantage of … Another advantage

of … A further advantage of … The

main advantage of … The greatest

advantage of … The benefits of …

One disadvantage of … Another

disadvantage of …

One of the drawbacks of … Pros and

cons of … The advantages and

disadvantages of …

Expressing cause

Because of … Owing to (the fact that)

… Due to (the fact that) …

Since … As ….For this reason …

Expressing effect/result

Thus, …Therefore, …So, …As a result,

… As a consequence, … Consequently,

…

Purpose

With the purpose/intention of … In

order to … So that….

Personal opinion

In my opinion/view … As far as I am

concerned … I think that … To my

mind ….

Partially true statements

Up to a point, … To some extent, … To

some degree, … In a sense, … In a way,

…

Expressing limited knowledge

As far as I know … To the best of my

knowledge …

Referring to some sources

According to … With reference to ….

Similarity

Similarly, …. In the same way …

Summarizing

Briefly, … To put it briefly, … In short,

…

Concluding

On balance, … For the above mentioned

reasons, … To sum up, … All things

considered, … Taking everything into

account/consideration, … In conclusion,

… Taking all the above points into

consideration, …

Signposting (transitions)

Making your next point

Moving on to the question of …

(changing from one

Let me move on to the next question/issue

subjects to another)

My next point is …

As far as … is /are concerned …

Now that we have explored the … I’d like to move

on to …

Let’s turn to the advantage of …

I’d now like to change direction and talk about …

I’d like to turn to …

Now, turning to …

Referring to an earlier point

Let’s go back to the question of …

Going back for a moment to the situation …

To go back to the main reasons for …

Let’s go back for a moment to what we were

discussing earlier …

I said earlier that …

In my last point, I mentioned that …

As I’ve already explained …

At the beginning of the talk I said …

Repeating the mean point

I’d like to recap on the main points …

So, let’s recap on that …

Let me just recap what’s been said so far…

Giving a wider perspective

I’d like to expand on that a little before we move on.

(more details, new

Let me expand on some of the main points …

information)

To elaborate on that a little for those who aren’t

familiar with …

Moving away from the

To digress for a moment, let’s consider …

main subject

To move off the point for a moment …

Emphasizing your points

What’s especially important is …

I’d like to emphasize (stress)

The main thing is …

What I really want to stress is …

Explaining the meaning of

WTO stands for World Trade Organization

abbreviations

Exploiting visuals

Asking listeners to look at

Have/take a look at this graph. The vertical axis

your visuals

shows …and the horizontal axis represents …

As you can see from the slide/graph/chart

You can see from this slide that I’m going to cover

three main points. I’ll leave this up as I talk so that

you can follow the points.

This slide shows …

From this graph you can see…

Each line indicates … You can see from the key

which line represents …

For example, the dotted line shows …

This table shows …

The unbroken line shows …

The broken line represents …

The bar charts shown here indicate …

Commenting on the content

Look at the following pie-charts showing …

of a visual

I’d like to focus our attention on …

This chart compares …

I would like to concentrate on this green column …

I’d like to draw your attention to …

Looking at this graph it is interesting to note …

As you may have noticed …

Looking at the trend in sales during that time, you

can see …

The two diagrams give figures …

If you look at it more closely, you’ll notice …

I’d like us to look at … in more detail.

Let’s move on now and look at the figures for …

Let’s move on to the statistics.

I’d like to point out that …

What is interesting/important/warring/surprising/of

concern here is …

Language focus

The language of cause and

X causes Y/Y is caused by Y

effect

X is a (common) cause of Y

X results in Y/Y result from X

X leads to Y

X makes Y do something

X contributes to Y

X, and so Y

X, therefore Y

Thanks to X, Y

The effects of X are Y

X is explained by Y

X is a source of Y

Since X, Y

Y is (largely) due to X

Y is (partly) because of X

The more/less the X, the more/less the Y

The language of

Product

Product

Comparison and Contrast

A

B

Using more … than

$220

$200

A is a bit/a little/slightly

more

expensive than B

$300

$200

A is

considerably/much/a lot/far

more expensive than B

Using as …as

$120

$200

A is not nearly as

expensive as B.

$180

$200

A is almost/nearly as

expensive

as B

$400

$200

A is twice as expensive

as B

$450

$200

A is more than twice as

Phrases with superlatives

expensive as B

A$100

C is (by far) the most

expensive of

all

B$150

A is (by far) the least

Phrases useful for

expensive in

comparing things

C$350

the group.

up

noun

verb

an increase

to increase

a rise

to rise

an

to improve

improvement

to grow

a growth

to go up

to take off

to shoot up

down

noun

verb

a fall

to fall

a drop

to drop

a decline

to decline

to go down

to fall off

to plunge

to slamp

no change

to peak

to remain stable

(steady)

to reach a peak

to level off

to stay at the

same level

to be flat

to stabilize

to reach a low

to fluctuate