2. Text b Education in Great Britain

Education in Britain developed by steps. The first step was the introducing of two kinds of school: grammar schools and secondary modern schools. Grammar schools offered a predominantly academic education and in secondary modern schools education was more practical. The second step was the introducing of a new type of school, the comprehensive, a combination of grammar and secondary modern, so that all children could be continually assessed and given appropriate teaching. These school were co-educational and offered both academic and practical subjects. However, they lost the excellence of the old grammar schools. Then after 1979 were introduced the greatest reforms in schooling. They included the introduction of a National Curriculum making certain subjects, most notably science and one modern language, compulsory up to the age of 16. The National Curriculum aims to ensure that all children study essential subjects and have a better all-round education. Pupils' progress in subjects in National Curriculum is measured by written and practical tests. More ambitious pupils continue with very specialized studies in the sixth form. They remain at school for two years more. Pupils sit for exams leaving secondary school and sixth form. They sit for the General Certificate Secondary Education at the end of the 5th-years' course. A-level or AS-levels are taken after two years of study in the sixth form. They are the main standard for entrance to university or other higher education. Some parents prefer to pay for their children to be educated at independent schools. This private sector includes the so-called public schools, some of whose names are known all over the world, for example Eton. It provides exceptionally fine teaching facilities, for example in science, languages, computing and design. Its students are largely from aristocratic and upper-class families.

Vocabulary

secondary- средний (об образовании)

introduce- вводить

comprehensive - всесторонний, полный, всеобъемлющий

assess - оценивать, давать оценку

appropriate - подходящий, соответствующий; должный

co-educational - совместное обучение лиц обоего пола

academic subject - учебная дисциплина

compulsory - обязательный

aim - намерение, цель

ensure - гарантировать, обеспечивать

essential - важнейший; необходимый; основной

ambitious – честолюбивый, стремящийся к (чему-л.)

level – уровень, степень, ступень

entrance - вступление, поступление

independent - независимый, свободный

Exercise 1. Answer the questions to the text:

1. What are the main types of schools in Britain?

2. What do grammar schools offer?

3. What is the new type of schools?

4. Are boys and girls taught together?

5. What is the aim of the National Curriculum?

6. How is pupils’ progress in subjects measured?

7. When A-level or AS-levels taken?

8. What are the main standards for entrance to university?

9. What does the private sector include?

10. What kind of students study in public schools?

Exercise 2. Give the definitions of the following

• co-educational

• compulsory

• test

• academic subject

• public school

• teaching facilities

Exercise 3. Complete the sentences

1. These schools were co-educational ……..

2. ……. developed by steps.

3. Then after 1979 …………

4. The National Curriculum aims ………….

5. ……….. at the end of the 5-th year’s course.

6. They are the main standards ………………

7. …………. to be educated at independent schools.

8. Its students are largely from …………

Exercise 4. Translate the sentences into English

1. Государственные школы в Британии обеспечивают своих учеников учебниками.

2. Если ты хочешь учиться в независимой школе, твоим родителям придется платить за обучение.

3. В шестом классе ученики сдают на уровни A и AS.

4. Школы, где учатся девочки и мальчики вместе, называются школами совместного обучения.

5. Письменные и практические тесты оценивают успех ученика по предметам.

Exercise 5. Are these statements true or false?

1. The greatest reforms in schooling were introduced in 1980s.

2. All pupils continue with specialized studies in the sixth form.

3. All parents have to pay for their children’s education.

4. Eton public school is known all over the world.

5. Public schools provide fine teaching facilities un different subjects.

Exercise 6. Make up as many word combinations as possible

Public education

Compulsory subject(s)

Written school

Excellent test

Modern

Independent