- •Міністерство освіти і науки України
- •Contents
- •From the history of electronics
- •Exercise 2
- •The Electron Tube Legacy
- •From Tubes to Transistors
- •The Decade of Integration
- •New Light on Electron Devices
- •Focus on Manufacturing
- •Exercise 4
- •Toward a Global Society
- •Into the Third Millennium
- •From the history of electron devices lesson 8
- •Translate the following words paying attention to affixes.
- •Microwave Tubes
- •The Invention of the Transistor
- •Bipolar Junction Transistors
- •Photovoltaic Cells and Diffused-Base Transistors
- •Integrated Circuits
- •Early Semiconductor Lasers and Light-Emitting Diodes
- •Charge-Coupled Devices
- •Compound Semiconductor Heterostructures
- •Microchip Manufacturing
- •Alessandro volta
- •Volta's pile
- •Thomas alva edison
- •Early Life
- •Family Life
- •Early inventions
- •Menlo park laboratory
- •The Telephone
- •The Phonograph
- •The Incandescent Lamp
- •Electric Power Distribution Systems
- •The Edison Effect
- •Glenmont
- •Motion Pictures
- •Edison's Studio
- •The Electric Battery
- •Attitude Toward Work
- •Ambrose fleming
- •Very happy thought
- •Nonagenarian
- •Consultant
- •Leon charles thevenin
- •Teaching
- •A Good Launch
- •A Crucial Theorem
- •Lee de forest: last of the great inventors
- •In Business
- •Towards the Triode
- •Patent Battles
- •Success
- •Edwin henry colpitts
- •Oscillator
- •Ralph hartley
- •Harry nyquist
- •American physicist, electrical and communications engineer, a prolific inventor who made fundamental theoretical and practical contributions to telecommunications. The Sweden years
- •Education and Career in the u.S.A.
- •Nyquist and fax
- •Nyquist's Signal Sampling Theory
- •Nyquist Theorem
- •Nyquist and Information Theory
- •Russell and sigurd varian
- •Childhood
- •Russell
- •The klystron
- •Celebration
- •Walter brattain
- •"The only regret I have about the transistor is its use for rock and roll”.
- •A Home on the Ranch
- •Physics Was the Only Thing He Was Good at
- •An Off the Cuff Explanation
- •After World War II
- •The First Transistor
- •Rifts in the Lab
- •The Nobel Prize
- •Back to Washington
- •Education
- •Inventor of the Transistor
- •Contributions and Honors
- •Inventor of the first successful computer
- •The Mother of Invention
- •Launching the v1
- •An Electronic Computer
- •The Survivor
- •After the War
- •Rudolph kompfner
- •Architect
- •Internment
- •Travelling-wave Tube
- •Satellites
- •Alan mathison turing
- •The solitary genius who wanted to build a brain.
- •Childhood
- •Computable Numbers
- •Bletchley Park
- •Jack kilby
- •The Begining
- •The Chip that Changed the World
- •Toward the Future
- •Robert noyce
- •A noted visionary and natural leader, Robert Noyce helped to create a new industry when he developed the technology that would eventually become the microchip. Starting up
- •At Bell Labs
- •Founding Fairchild Semiconductor
- •Ic Development
- •Herbert kroemer
- •Too Many Lists
- •Postal Service
- •Theory into Practice
- •Back in the Heterostructure Game
- •Halls of Academia
- •Tuesday Morning, 3 a.M.
- •Heterostructures explained
- •Abbreviations
- •British and american spelling differences
- •Numerical prefixes
- •Prefixes for si units
- •Навчальне видання
- •21021, М.Вінниця, Хмельницьке шосе, 95, внту
- •21021, М.Вінниця, Хмельницьке шосе, 95, внту
Ic Development
Noyce, in his capacity as director of research and development, joined Fairchild co-founder Gordon Moore in investigating methods of connecting transistors that would eliminate after-production wiring. After a time, they developed a theory that seemed plausible, based on the idea of combining transistors in a solid block of silicon. Noyce began making notes in his lab notebook, unaware that a similar theory had already been arrived at 5 the summer before in the laboratories of Texas Instruments, where a young scientist named Jack Kilby had spent months wrestling with the same problem.
Texas Instruments would publicly unveil Kilby’s discovery, now called the integrated circuit, at the Institute of Radio Engineers Show in early 1959. This accelerated the efforts at Fairchild Semiconductor, which were now focused on making the connections between the tiny transistors and components an integral part of the manufacturing process itself. Jean Hoerni, one of Fairchild’s original founders, came up with a workable method when he developed the "planar" process. This process, which uses oxidation and heat diffusion to form a smooth insulating layer on the surface of a silicon chip, allowed the embedding of insulated layers of transistors and other elements in silicon. By using the insulation afforded by the planar process, each layer could now be isolated electrically, which eliminated the need to cut apart the layers and wire them back together as had been necessary in the past.
Fairchild Semiconductor filed a patent for a semiconductor integrated circuit based on the planar process on July 30, 1959, touching off a decade-long legal battle6 between Fairchild and Texas Instruments, which previously had filed a similar patent based on Kilby’s technology. Eventually, the U.S. Court of Customs and Patent Appeals upheld Noyce’s claims on interconnection techniques but gave Kilby and Texas Instruments credit for building the first working integrated circuit.
By 1968, Fairchild Semiconductor, now one of the cornerstones of the semiconductor industry, had become a large company with many divisions. Its discoveries had made its founders wealthy men, and many of them had left the parent company to start businesses of their own. Noyce, noting the success of these young, energetic companies, longed to do it all over again. In 1968, he and Gordon Moore left Fairchild Semiconductor to form a new company that would specialize in developing integrated circuits for the computer industry.
Intel
They called their new company Integrated Electronics, which was quickly shortened to Intel. Although the profits in building silicon transistors were hard to resist, Noyce and his associates decided to take an entirely different tack, instead focusing on developing semiconductor memories that could be used to replace the magnetic core memory systems in older computers.
In short time, the small team of scientists at Intel developed a microchip that could store the ones and zeroes of computer language, introducing its first random access computer memory chip (RAM) in 1970. From there, it was only a matter of time before Intel’s researchers figured out the way to contain the entire workings of a computer on one chip, creating the first microprocessor, or microchip. Its creation set off a veritable whirlwind of 7 developmental activity as semiconductor companies including Texas Instruments, Motorola, Advanced Micro Devices and others rushed to bring their own versions to market.
As much a futurist as entrepreneur and inventor, Noyce would step aside from day-to-day management of Intel in 1978 to become chairman of the Semiconductor Industry Association, an association started by a group of Silicon Valley executives to address industry-wide concerns that included the growing pressure put on U.S. semiconductor companies by overseas manufacturers, especially those in the Pacific Rim and Asia. In 1988, he became president of Sematech, a joint industry-government research consortium designed to help develop new manufacturing technologies for American chip makers. He would become an ardent lobbyist8 on behalf of the U.S. semiconductor industry.
Noyce was working to prevent the acquisition of a Silicon Valley materials supplier by a Japanese concern when he died unexpectedly of a heart attack in July 1990 at his home in Austin, Texas. He was 62 years old.
Task I
Speak on Noyce’s leadership style.
Task II
Describe the role of Robert Noyce in the development of semiconductor industry.
Task III
Tell about Noyce’s role in the development of integrated circuits manufacturing techniques.