- •Міністерство освіти і науки України
- •Contents
- •From the history of electronics
- •Exercise 2
- •The Electron Tube Legacy
- •From Tubes to Transistors
- •The Decade of Integration
- •New Light on Electron Devices
- •Focus on Manufacturing
- •Exercise 4
- •Toward a Global Society
- •Into the Third Millennium
- •From the history of electron devices lesson 8
- •Translate the following words paying attention to affixes.
- •Microwave Tubes
- •The Invention of the Transistor
- •Bipolar Junction Transistors
- •Photovoltaic Cells and Diffused-Base Transistors
- •Integrated Circuits
- •Early Semiconductor Lasers and Light-Emitting Diodes
- •Charge-Coupled Devices
- •Compound Semiconductor Heterostructures
- •Microchip Manufacturing
- •Alessandro volta
- •Volta's pile
- •Thomas alva edison
- •Early Life
- •Family Life
- •Early inventions
- •Menlo park laboratory
- •The Telephone
- •The Phonograph
- •The Incandescent Lamp
- •Electric Power Distribution Systems
- •The Edison Effect
- •Glenmont
- •Motion Pictures
- •Edison's Studio
- •The Electric Battery
- •Attitude Toward Work
- •Ambrose fleming
- •Very happy thought
- •Nonagenarian
- •Consultant
- •Leon charles thevenin
- •Teaching
- •A Good Launch
- •A Crucial Theorem
- •Lee de forest: last of the great inventors
- •In Business
- •Towards the Triode
- •Patent Battles
- •Success
- •Edwin henry colpitts
- •Oscillator
- •Ralph hartley
- •Harry nyquist
- •American physicist, electrical and communications engineer, a prolific inventor who made fundamental theoretical and practical contributions to telecommunications. The Sweden years
- •Education and Career in the u.S.A.
- •Nyquist and fax
- •Nyquist's Signal Sampling Theory
- •Nyquist Theorem
- •Nyquist and Information Theory
- •Russell and sigurd varian
- •Childhood
- •Russell
- •The klystron
- •Celebration
- •Walter brattain
- •"The only regret I have about the transistor is its use for rock and roll”.
- •A Home on the Ranch
- •Physics Was the Only Thing He Was Good at
- •An Off the Cuff Explanation
- •After World War II
- •The First Transistor
- •Rifts in the Lab
- •The Nobel Prize
- •Back to Washington
- •Education
- •Inventor of the Transistor
- •Contributions and Honors
- •Inventor of the first successful computer
- •The Mother of Invention
- •Launching the v1
- •An Electronic Computer
- •The Survivor
- •After the War
- •Rudolph kompfner
- •Architect
- •Internment
- •Travelling-wave Tube
- •Satellites
- •Alan mathison turing
- •The solitary genius who wanted to build a brain.
- •Childhood
- •Computable Numbers
- •Bletchley Park
- •Jack kilby
- •The Begining
- •The Chip that Changed the World
- •Toward the Future
- •Robert noyce
- •A noted visionary and natural leader, Robert Noyce helped to create a new industry when he developed the technology that would eventually become the microchip. Starting up
- •At Bell Labs
- •Founding Fairchild Semiconductor
- •Ic Development
- •Herbert kroemer
- •Too Many Lists
- •Postal Service
- •Theory into Practice
- •Back in the Heterostructure Game
- •Halls of Academia
- •Tuesday Morning, 3 a.M.
- •Heterostructures explained
- •Abbreviations
- •British and american spelling differences
- •Numerical prefixes
- •Prefixes for si units
- •Навчальне видання
- •21021, М.Вінниця, Хмельницьке шосе, 95, внту
- •21021, М.Вінниця, Хмельницьке шосе, 95, внту
Back to Washington
After he retired from Bell Labs, Brattain moved back to Walla Walla to teach at his alma mater, Whitman College. He worked on biophysics, taught a physics course for non-science majors, and listened to the music being played on campus so loudly thanks to his invention. "The only regret I have about the transistor is its use for rock and roll," he said more than once. He died of Alzheimer's disease at the age of 85 on October 13, 1987.
Task I
Tell about Brattain’s role in the invention of the transistor.
Task II
Comment on his words about his greatest invention.
Task III
Explain the sentence “Walter Brattain had the hands”.
JOHN BARDEEN
(1908 – 1991)
Electrical engineer and physicist John Bardeen remains the only person to win two Nobel Prizes in the same field. Shortly after he was awarded the second prize, a friend congratulated him, "Keep up the good work. Win three times and you get to keep the king."
Bardeen's prize-winning work has been crucial to two fields in electrical engineering. He won his first prize in 1956, along with Walter Brattain and William Shockley, for their research on semiconductors and their invention of the transistor at Bell Labs in 1947. The transistor is quite possibly the single most important and revolutionary technological innovation since World War II. He earned his second prize in 1972 for his work with Leon Cooper and J. Robert Schrieffer on the theory of superconductivity. The BCS theory, as it is commonly called, remains the definitive explanation of superconducting phenomena.
His father, Charles Russell Bardeen, was the first graduate of the Johns Hopkins Medical School and founder of the Medical School at the University of Wisconsin. His mother, Althea Harmer, studied oriental art at the Pratt Institute and practiced interior design in Chicago. He was one of five children.
Education
John received his elementary and secondary education in Madison. He attended the University High School in Madison for several years, and graduated from Madison Central High School in 1923. This was followed by a course in electrical engineering at the University of Wisconsin, where he took extra work in mathematics and physics. After being out for a term while working in the engineering department of the Western Electric Company at Chicago, he graduated with a B.Sc. in electrical engineering in 1928. He continued on at Wisconsin as a graduate research assistant in electrical engineering for two years, working on mathematical problems in applied geophysics and on radiation from antennas. It was during this period that he was first introduced to quantum theory by Professor J.H. Van Vleck.
When Professor Leo J. Peters, under whom his research in geophysics was done, took a position at the Gulf Research Laboratories in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, Dr. Bardeen followed him there and worked during the next three years (1930-33) on the development of methods for the interpretation of magnetic and gravitational surveys. This was a stimulating period in which geophysical methods were first being applied to prospecting for oil.1
Because he felt his interests were in theoretical science, Dr. Bardeen resigned his position at Gulf in 1933 to take graduate work in mathematical physics at Princeton University. It was here, under the leadership of Professor E.P. Wigner, that he first became interested in solid state physics. Before completing his thesis (on the theory of the work function of metals) he was offered a position as Junior Fellow of the Society of Fellows at Harvard University. He spent the next three years there working with Professors Van Vleck and Bridgman on problems in cohesion and electrical conduction in metals and also did some work on the level density of nuclei. The Ph.D. degree at Princeton was awarded in 1936.