Angliyskiy

have passed/ was passing) my exam in history today. 5. He (read/has read/ was reading) a book two days ago. 6. They (have seen/ saw/were seeing) this film last week. 7. She (painted/has painted/was painting) the picture when I came. 8. I (made/ have made/was making) my report when you entered the hall. 9. They (learnt/were learning/have learnt) the new words yesterday from three till seven. 10. It (rained/ has rained/was raining) this week. 11. She (was having/had/ has had) a bath at seven o’clock last night. 12. She (was washing/washed/has washed) dishes already.

VIII. Choose the right variant using Present, Past, Future Simple; Present, Past Continuous.

1. Look at these children: they (to skate) very well. 2. You (to skate) last Sunday?-Yes, we (to skate) the whole day last Sunday. We (to skate) again next Sunday. 3. My brother can skate very well. He (to skate) every Sunday. 4. What you (to do) now? -I (to wash) the dishes.

5.What you (to do) at three o’clock yesterday? – I (to have) dinner.

6.You (to have) dinner now? 7. Where your brother (to work)? – He (to work) at an institute. 8. Your grandmother (to sleep) when you (to come) home yesterday? 9. What your brother (to do) tomorrow? 10. I (not to go) to the shop yesterday. I (to go) to the shop tomorrow. 11. Where Kate (to go) when you (to meet) her yesterday? 12. Every day the boss (to enter) the office at nine o’clock. 13. Yesterday the boss (to enter) the office at half past nine. 14. When the secretary (to come) tomorrow? 15. At six o’clock yesterday we (to listen) to a very interesting lecture. 16. When I (to enter) the office, the secretary (to type) some letters. 17. My friend (to ring) me up at eight o’clock yesterday.

IX. Read the text and answer the questions.

Moscow

Moscow is the capital of Russia, its political, economic, commercial and cultural centre. It was founded 8 centuries ago by Prince Yuri Dolgoruky. Historians have accepted the year of 1147 as the start of Moscow’s history. Gradually the city became more and more powerful. In the 13th century Moscow was the centre of the struggle of Russian lands for the liberation from the tartar yoke. In the 16th century under Ivan the Terrible Moscow became the capital of the new united state. Though Peter the Great moved the capital to St Petersburg in 1712, Moscow remained the heart of Russia. That is why it became the main target of Napoleon’s attack. Three-quarters of the city was

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destroyed by fire during Napoleon’s occupation, but by the mid-19th century Moscow had been completely restored. After the October revolution Moscow became the capital again.

Now Moscow is one of the largest cities in Europe. Its total area is about nine hundred square kilometres (ancient Moscow occupied the territory of the present-day Kremlin). The population of the city is over 10 million.

Moscow is one of the most beautiful cities in the world. The heart of Moscow is Red Square. It has more historic associations than any other place in Moscow. The Kremlin and St Basil’s Cathedral (Vasily Blazheny) are masterpieces of ancient Russian architecture. The main Kremlin tower, the Spasskaya Tower, has become the symbol of the country. On the territory of the Kremlin you can see old cathedrals, the Bell Tower of Ivan the Great, the Palace of Congresses, the Tzar-Cannon and the Tzar-Bell, the biggest cannon and bell in the world. St. Basil’s Cathedral was built in the mid-16th century hi memory of the victory over Kazan. There is a legend that Ivan the Terrible blinded the architects Barma and Postnik, because he didn’t want them to create another masterpiece.

There are a lot of beautiful palaces, old mansions, cathedrals, churches and monuments in Moscow.

There are more than 80 museums in Moscow. The largest museums are the Pushkin Museum of Fine Arts and the State Tretyakov Gallery. Other unique museums in Moscow include the All-Russia Museum of Folk Arts, the Andrei Rublev Museum of Early Russian Art, Alexei Bakhrushin Theatre Museum, Mikhail Glinka Museum of Musical Culture and many others.

Moscow is famous for its theatres. The best-known of them is the Bolshoi Opera House. Drama theatres and studios are also very popular.

Moscow is a city of students. There are over 80 higher educational institutions in it, including several universities.

Moscow is the seat of the Russian Parliament (the Duma) and the centre of political life of the country.

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Questions

1.When was Moscow founded?

2.Is there a monument to Yuri Dolgoruky in Moscow? Where

is it?

3.When did Moscow become the capital?

4.In 1712 the capital was moved to St Petersburg, wasn’t it? When did Moscow become the capital again?

5.Was ancient Moscow a big city? What’s the total area of modem Moscow?

6.What’s the population of Moscow?

7.What places of interest in the centre of Moscow do you know?

8.What do you know about St Basil’s Cathedral?

9.What can you see on the territory of the Kremlin?

10.What are the most famous Moscow museums? (art galleries?)

11.What theatres in Moscow do you know?

12.What is your favorite place in Moscow?

X. Give English equivalents for the following:

историк, принимать, постепенно, сильный, могущественный, освобождение, татарское иго, соединенный, объединенный, оставаться, мишень, цель, объект, нападение, атака, разрушать, пожар, оккупация, полностью, целиком, реставрировать, восстанавливать, древний, шедевр, архитектура, архитектор, зодчий, башня, легенда, ослепить, дворец, особняк, перестраивать, восстанавливать, уникальный, единственный в своем роде, драматический, театр, театр-студия, высшее учебное заведение.

XI. Read the description and guess the place in Moscow.

1.It was founded by Lomonosov and named after its founder. It is situated in Lenin Hills.

2.It was laid out in the 15 century and had different names. First it was called “Torg”, which means a market-place, then “Pozhar”, that is the place destroyed by a fire. It was also known as “Trinity” because of the church located there. Now it is called “Red” meaning beautiful.

3.It is in the centre of Red Square by Kremlin wall. Behind it there is a necropolis of some outstanding statesmen and political leaders.

4.There is a remarkable panorama painting of the Battle at Borodino in this museum.

5.This museum contains ancient arms, the tsars’ crown jewels and gifts from ambassadors.

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6.It is world famous. It is associated with the names of famous singers like Shalyapin, Sobinov, Vishnevskaya and well-known ballerinas like Ulanova, Plisetskaya. Its repertoire includes more than 50 operas and ballets.

XII. Paraphrase the following sentences using the text:

Model: Many people know architectural monuments in Moscow. -- Moscow is famous for its architectural monuments.

1.Pavel Tretyakov presented his collection to Russia.

2.Moscow took the leading place in the political, economical and cultural life of the Russian people during the whole history of Russia.

3.Moscow is known as a city of theatres.

4.The Armory exists since the 16th century.

5.The State Tretyakov Gallery shows the whole history of Russian Art.

6.The most important and best-known place in Moscow is Red

Square.

7.Moscow became the main city of Napoleon’s attack.

8.Peter the Great ordered to convert workshops where arms and weapons were made into a museum in 1720.

XIII. Read and translate the text.

Great Britain

The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland is situated on the British Isles. The British Isles consist of two large islands, Great Britain and Ireland, and about five thousand small islands. Their total area is over 244,000 square kilometres.

The United Kingdom is made up of four countries: England, Wales, Scotland and Northern Ireland. Their capitals are London, Cardiff, Edinburgh and Belfast respectively. Great Britain consists of England, Scotland and Wales and does not include Northern Ireland. But in everyday speech ‘Great Britain’ is used to mean the United Kingdom. The capital of the UK is London.

The British Isles are separated from the European continent by the North Sea and the English Channel. The western coast of Great Britain is washed by the Atlantic Ocean and the Irish Sea.

The surface of the British Isles varies very much. The north of Scotland is mountainous and is called the Highlands, while the south,

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which has beautiful valleys and plains, is called the Lowlands. The north and west of England are mountainous, but all the rest – east, centre and south-east – is a vast plain. Mountains are not very high. Ben Nevis in Scotland is the highest mountain (1343m).

There are a lot of rivers in Great Britain, but they are not very long. The Severn is the longest river, while the Thames is the deepest and the most important one.

The mountains, the Atlantic Ocean and the warm waters of Gulf Stream influence the climate of the British Isles. It is mild the whole year round.

The UK is one of the world’s smaller countries. Its population is over 57 million. About 80% of the population is urban.

The UK is a highly developed industrial country. It is known as one of the world’s largest producers and exporters of machinery, electronics, textile, aircraft and navigation equipment. One of the chief industries of the country is shipbuilding.

The UK is a constitutional monarchy. In law, the Head of State is the Queen. In practice, the Queen reigns, but does not rule. The country is ruled by the elected government with the Prime Minister at the head. The British Parliament consists of two chambers: the House of Lords and the House of Commons.

There are three main political parties in Great Britain: the Labour, the Conservative and the Liberal parties.

Exercises

XIV. Give English equivalents for the following:

быть расположенным, состоять из, общая площадь, километр, соответственно, включать, означать, разделять, омывать, поверхность, менять(ся), разнообразить, гористый, долина, огромный, равнина, глубокий, влиять, климат, мягкий, умеренный, круглыйгод, население, городской, высокоразвитый, производитель, экспортер, машинное оборудование, электроника, текстиль, самолеты, судоходство, оборудование, главный, основной, кораблестроение, конституционная монархия, закон, по закону, глава государства, королева, фактически, на практике, царствовать, править, выбирать, правительство, премьер-министр, во главе, парламент, палата.

XV. Read the following information.

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Customs and Traditions in the United Kingdom

Every nation and every country has its own customs and traditions. In Britain traditions play a more important part in the life of the people than in other countries. Englishmen are proud of their traditions. Here are some Royal traditions.

The Trooping of the Colour.

The Queen is the only person in Britain with two birthdays. Her real birthday is on the 21st of April, but she has an “official” birthday, too. It is on the second Saturday in June. On Queen’s official birthday, there is a traditional ceremony called the Trooping of the Colour. It’s a big parade with brass bands and hundreds of soldiers at Horse Guard s’ Parade in London. A “regiment” of the Queen’s soldiers, the Guard s, march in front of her. At the front of the parade is the regiment flag or “colour”.

The Guards are trooping the colour. Thousands of Londoners and visitors watch in Horse Guard s’ Parade. And millions of people at home watch it on television.

The Changing of the Guard.

This happens every day at Buckingham Palace, the Queen’s home in London. Soldiers stand in front of the palace. Each morning these soldiers (the “guard”) change. One group leaves and another arrives. In summer and winter tourists stand outside the palace at 11 :30 every morning and watch the Changing of the Guard.

Maundy Money.

Maundy Thursday is the day before Good Friday, at Easter. On that day the Queen gives Maundy Money to a group of old people. This tradition is over 1000 years old. At one time the king or queen washed the feet of poor, old people on Maundy Thursday. That stopped in 1754.

The Queen’s telegram.

This custom is not very old, but it’s for very old people. On his or her one hundredth birthday, a British person gets a telegram from the Queen.

The State Opening of Parliament.

Parliament, not the Royal Family, controls modern Britain. But traditionally the Queen opens Parliament every autumn. She travels from Buckingham Palace to the Houses of Parliament in a gold carriage – the Irish State Coach. At the Houses of Parliament the Queen

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sits on a “throne” in the House of Lords. Then she reads the “Queen’s Speech”. At the State Opening of Parliament the Queen wears a crown. She wears other jewels from the Crown Jewels, too.

The Queen’s Christmas speech.

Now here is a modern royal custom. On Christmas Day at 3:00 in the afternoon, the Queen makes a speech on radio and TV. It’s ten minutes long. In it she talks to the people of the United Kingdom and the Commonwealth. The Commonwealth is a large group of countries. In the past they were all in the British Empire: Australia, India, Canada and New Zealand are among the 49 members. The BBC (the British Broadcasting Corporation) sends the Queen’s speech to every commonwealth country. In her speech the Queen talks about the past year. The Queen doesn’t make her speech on Christmas Day. She films it a few weeks before. Then she spends Christmas with her family at Windsor Castle.

The Order of the Garter Ceremony.

The Order of the Garter Ceremony has a long history. King Edward III started the Order in the 14th century. At that time, the people in the Order were the 24 bravest knights in England. Now the knights of the Order are not all soldiers. They are members of the House of Lords, church leaders or politicians. There are some foreign knights, too. For example, the King of Norway, the Emperor of Japan. The Queen is the Sovereign of the Order of the Garter.

Prince Charles and Prince Philip are Royal knights, and the Queen Mother is a Lady of the Garter.

In June the Order has a traditional ceremony at Windsor Castle. This is the Queen’s favourite castle. It is also the Home of the Garter. All the knights walk from the castle to St. George Chapel, the royal church at Windsor. They wear the traditional clothes or “robes” of the Order. These robes are very heavy. King Edward VIII once called them “ridiculous”. But they are an important part of Britain’s oldest tradition.

XVI. Choose the correct variant.

1.On his or her one hundredth birthday, a British person gets (a present, an invitation to Buckingham Palace, a telegram).

2.At the State Opening of Parliament the Queen wears (a shawl, a hat, a crown).

3.The Guard changes (every hour, every evening, every morning).

4.The Queen has her real birthday (in May, in June, in April).

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5.During the Order of the Garter Ceremony the knights wear

(tuxedoes, robes, T-shirts).

6.On Maundy Thursday the Queen gives Money (to students, to old people, to everybody).

7.The Guards (sing, march, dance) in front of the Queen during the parade.

8.The Queen travels from Buckingham Palace to the Houses of Parliament (by bus, in a carriage, on foot).

9.The Changing of the Guard happens at (Windsor castle, Buckingham Palace, Westminster Palace).

10.In Christmas speech the Queen talks about (her problems, the past year, health).

XVII. Prove the following statements using the information from the text.

1.A British person on his or her one hundredth birthday gets a surprise.

2.The Trooping of the Colour is a bright ceremony.

3.The Order of the Garter has a long history.

4.Thursday before Good Friday, at Easter, is an unusual day in the life of some old people.

5.There are always tourists outside Buckingham Palace every day at 11 :30.

6.On Christmas Day the people of the United Kingdom and Commonwealth can see and listen to the Queen.

XVIII. Read some more information about Englishmen. Insert the proper word.

Clothes, shops, horse, colourful, duty, animals, fireplace, motorcar, wear, life, look, central heating.

1.Every year a large number of ancient ... drive from London to Brighton. Some of these veteran cars ... very funny. This run is a ...

demonstration. People are dressed in the ... of those times.

2.The English people like ... very much. They have special ...

selling food, clothes and other things for their pets.

3.Sometimes you will see a group of cavalrymen riding on black … through the streets of London. They ... red uniforms, shining helmets, long black boots and long white gloves. These men are

... Guards. Their special ... is to guard the King or the Queen or very important guests of the country.

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4. An English family prefers a house with a ... to a flat with ...

XIX. Read the text and answer the questions.

London

London is the capital of Great Britain, its political, economic and commercial centre. It is one of the largest cities in the world and the largest city in Europe. Its population is about 8 million.

London is one of the oldest and most interesting cities in the world. Traditionally it is divided into several parts: the City, Westminster, the West End and the East End. They are very different from each other and seem to belong to different towns and epochs.

The best known streets here are: Whitehall with important government offices, Downing Street, the London residence of the Prime Minister, Fleet Street where most newspapers have their offices, Harley Street where the highest paid doctors live, Oxford Street, London’s main shopping centre.

The heart of London is the City, its financial and business centre. Numerous banks, offices and firms are situated there, including the Bank of England, the Stock Exchange and the Old Bailey. Few people live here, but over a million people come to the City to work. There are some famous ancient buildings within the City. Perhaps the most striking of them is St Paul’s Cathedral, the greatest of English churches. It was built in the 17th century by Sir Christopher Wren. The Tower of London was founded by Julius Caesar and in 1066 rebuilt by William the Conqueror. It was used as a fortress, a royal palace and a prison. Now it is a museum.

Westminster is the historic, the governmental part of London. Westminster Abbey has more historic associations than any other building in Britain. Nearly all English kings and queens have been crowned here. Many outstanding statesmen, scientists, writers, poets and painters are buried here: Newton, Darwin, Chaucer, Dickens, Tennyson, Kipling, etc.

Across the road from Westminster Abbey is Westminster Palace, or the Houses of Parliament, the seat of the British Parliament. The Clock Tower of the Houses of Parliament is famous for its big hour bell, known as «Big Ben».

Buckingham Palace is the official residence of the Queen.

The West End is the richest and most beautiful part of London. It is the symbol of wealth and luxury. The best hotels, shops, restaurants,

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clubs, and theatres are situated there. There are splendid houses and lovely gardens belonging to wealthy people.

Trafalgar Square is the geographical centre of London. It was named in memory of Admiral Nelson’s victory in the battle of Trafalgar in 1805. The tall Nelson’s Column stands in the middle of the square.

On the north side of Trafalgar Square is the National Gallery and the National Portrait Gallery. Not far away is the British Museum – the biggest museum in London. It contains a priceless collection of ancient manuscripts, coins, sculptures, etc., and is famous for its library.

The East End is the poorest district of London. There are a lot of factories, workshops and docks here. The streets are narrow, the buildings are unimpressive. The East End is densely populated by working class families.

Names

the Bank of England – Английский банк

the Stock Exchange – Лондонская фондовая биржа

the Old Bailey – Центральный уголовный суд, находящийся в Олд-Бейли

St Paul’s Cathedral – собор Св. Павла (главный собор англиканской церкви)

Sir Christopher Wren – Кристофер Рен the Tower of London – Лондонский Тауэр Julius Caesar – Юлий Цезарь

William the Conqueror – Вильгельм Завоеватель, Вильгельм I (первый король из норманнов в Англии)

Westminster Abbey – Вестминстерское аббатство

Westminster Palace (the Houses of Parliament) –

Вестминстерский дворец (здание английского парламента) Nelson›s Column – колонна Нельсона (памятник адмиралу

Нельсону)

Questions

1.Is London the largest city in the world?

2.What’s the population of London?

3.Traditionally London is divided into several parts. Can you name them?

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