IU_Gram_Essential_1st

positive—* negative

am

am not ('m not)

I'm not tired.

is

is not (isn't or's not)

It isn't (or It's not) raining.

are

are not (aren't or 're not)

They aren't (or They're not) here.

was

was not (wasn't)

Jack wasn't hungry.

were

were not (weren't)

The shops weren't open.

have

have not (haven't)

I haven't finished my work.

has

has not (hasn't)

Sue hasn't got a car.

will

will not (won't)

They won't be here tomorrow.

would

would not (wouldn't)

I wouldn't like to be an actor

can

cannot (can't)

George can't drive.

could

could not (couldn't)

I couldn't sleep last night.

should

should not (shouldn't)

You shouldn't work so hard.

must

must not (mustn't)

I mustn't forget to phone Ann.

• Present simple negative

(•

Unit 6):

I/we/you/they do not (don't)

, . ,

-

. - ,

• /«• ;

\

, , , , . ,

,,

, ,

+ infinitive (work/hve/go etc.)

he/she/it does not (doesn t)

°

Past simple negative (•

Unit 10):

I/they/he/she etc. did not (didn't)

+

infinitive

positive —>

negative

I smoke. —»

I don't smoke.

They work hard. —»

They don't work hard.

Tom plays the guitar. —> Tom doesn't play the guitar.

She likes her job. —>

She doesn't like her job.

I got up early. —»

I didn't get up early.

We worked hard. —»

We didn't work hard.

They saw the film. —»

They didn't see the film.

She had a bath. —»

She didn't have a bath.

Look!

-*

Don't look!

Go away!

—>

Don't go away!

positive —>

negative

Doit. —>

Don't do it.

He does a lot of work. —»

He doesn't do much work.

I did the examination. —»

I didn't do the examination.

1

I'm tired.

7

We were late

2

He's got a car.

8

I'm going out

3

They are married

9

She has gone out

4

I've had dinner

10 I'll be late tonight

5

It's cold today

11 It was expensive

6

I can see you

12

You

should go

40.2 Make negatives with don't/doesn't/didn't.

1 He saw me.

7 They

understood

2 Do it!

8

Phone me tonight

3

I like fish

9

I did the shopping

4

She smokes

10

He lives near here

5

Look at me!

11

It rained yesterday

6

I got up early

12

They did the work

40.3 Make these sentences negative.

1

It's raining.

8

We watched TV

2

She saw the :

9

They were angry

3

She can swim

10 He'll be pleased

4

They're on holiday

11 I went to the bank

5

He speaks German

12 She's got a camera

6 I enjoyed the film

13 Open the door

7

It's important

14 I could hear them

1

The sun is shining.

raining.

2

She isn't rich. She .

got much money.

3

'Would you like something to eat?' 'No, thank you. I

hungry.'

4

I

hear you. Please speak louder.

5

George

write letters very often. He prefers to phone.

6

I don't like this book. It

very

interesting.

7

'Where is Jill?' 'I

know. I

seen her today.'

8

She

go to work yesterday because she

very well, but she's better today.

9

Be careful!

fall!

10

We

take an umbrella with us because the weather was fine.

11

I've been to Spain many times but I

been to Portugal.

12

When we were in London, we stayed with friends. We

stay at a hotel.

13

She

be here tomorrow. She's going away.

14

'Who broke that window?' 'Not me! I

do it.'

15

The box was too heavy. We tried to lift it but we

16

We didn't see what happened. We

looking at the time.

positive

You are eating.

question

Are you eating? What are you eating?

positive

question

subject + verb

verb + subject

I

am late.

Am

I late?

That seat

is free.

Is

that seat free?

She was angry.

Why

was

she angry?

David has gone.

Where

has

David gone?

You have got a car.

Have you got a car?

They will be here.

When

will

they be here?

Tom can swim.

Can

T o m swim?

does (he/she/it)

Past simple questions:

did (you/they/she etc.) 4- infinitive

positive

question

Do you

You

smoke.

smoke?

They

live in London.

Where

do they

live?

Jack

smokes.

Does Jack

smoke?

She

gets up early.

What time

does she

get up?

They

worked hard.

Did they

work hard?

You

had dinner.

What

did you

have for dinner?

She

got up early.

What time

did she

get up?

-

'What does your sister do?' 'She works in a bank.'

-

'I broke my leg.' 'How did you do that?' (not 'How did you that?')

UNIT 41

Exercises

41.1 Write questions.

1

I can swim.

(and you?) .

?

2

I smoke.

(and Jim?) ..

?

3

I was late this morning.

(and you?)

?

4

I've got a key.

(and Ann?)

?

5

I'll be here tomorrow.

(and you?)

?

6

I'm going out this evening.

(and Tom?)

?

7

I've finished my work.

(and you?)

?

8

I like my job.

(and you?)

?

9

I live near the city centre.

(and Pam?)

?

10 I enjoyed my holiday.

(and you?)

?

11 I had a shower this morning,

(and you?)

?

(tired?) ....

?

Yes, a little.

(play the piano?)

?

Yes, but not very well.

(married?)

?

No, I'm single.

(live in a city?)

?

No, in a small village.

(been to India?)

?

No, never.

(go out last night?)

?

No, I stayed at home.

(like chocolate?)

?

Yes, I love it.

(watch TV yesterday?)

?

No, I never watch TV.

(sleep well last night?)

?

No, not very well.

I want to go.

Where

?

They aren't here.

Why .

?

It's important.

Why

?

I'm reading.

What

you

?

Jan went home.

What time

?

Dave and Mary are going away.

When

?

I like music.

What kind of music

?

I met Tim.

Where

?

He is going to stay here.

How long

?

The children have gone.

Where

?

I can't come to the party.

Why

?

I broke the window.

How

?

I need some money.

How much money

?

She did her driving test.

When

?

I don't like her.

Why

?

It rains a lot.

How often

?

'who' is the subject

'who' is the object

'Julia' is the object

'Fred' is the subject

-

'I'm thinking.'

'What are you thinking about?'

-

'I'm afraid.'

'Why? What are you afraid of?'

-

'Where is your friend from?'

'She's from Germany.'

-

'Who does this book belong to?'

'It's mine.'

-

'Who did she go on holiday with?' 'With her parents.'

-

'What does he look like?' 'He's got a beard and wears glasses.'

-

'This book is very good.' 'Is it? What is it about?'

-

'Tom's father is in hospital.' 'Which hospital is he in?'

I'm thinking about something.

He went out with somebody.

I'm 'waiting for somebody.

Who are you

?

She danced with somebody.

Who did she

?

He's interested in something.

What

?

I had dinner with somebody.

Who

?

They're looking for something.

What

?

George was with somebody.

Who

?

I gave the money to somebody.

Who

?

I'm looking at something.

What

?

They were talking about something.

What

?

I dreamt about somebody.

Who

?

He was afraid of something.

What

?

They're going to a restaurant.

Which restaurant

?

She spoke to somebody.

Who

?

I stayed at a hotel.

Which hotel

?

1

(the houses)

?

2

(the

food)

What

?

3

(the weather)

?

4

(the people)

?

5

(your city)

?

6

(the shops)

?

7

(the schools)

?

8

(TV programmes)

?

1

Your friend has just come back from holiday. Ask about the weather.

2

Your friend has just come back from the cinema. Ask about the film.

What

3

Your friend has just arrived at the airport. Ask about the flight.

4

Your friend has just been to a concert. Ask about the concert.

-

What colour is your car?

What colour are your eyes?

-

What size is this shirt?

What kind ofjob do you want?

-

What make is your TV set?

What time is it?

-

We can go this way or that way.

Which way shall we go?

-

There are four umbrellas here.

Which is vours?

Use What in other situations:

-

What is the capital of Italy?

- What sort of music do you like? (not 'Which sort ... ?')

Compare:

-

What colour are your eyes? (not 'Which colour ... ?')

but

Which colour do you prefer, pink or yellow?

• H o w . . . ?

-

'How was the party last night?'

it was great!'

-

'How do you usually go to work?'

'By bus.'

H o w + adjective!adverb (how old / how big / how fast etc.):

-

H o w old is your father? H o w tall are you? H o w big is the house?

-

H o w far is it to the shops from here?

-

H o w often do you go on holiday?