IU_Gram_Essential_1st
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UNIT 105 |
Exercises |
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105.1 Make sentences beginning with If... Choose from the boxes. |
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we don't hurry |
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please come in quietly |
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I can get a flight |
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I'm not going to work |
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if |
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you come home late tonight |
we'll be late |
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I don't feel well tomorrow |
I'll try to help you |
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you have any problems |
I'll fly home on Sunday |
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If I can |
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If |
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105.2 Make sentences with if in the middle (... if...). |
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I can understand you |
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you don't wear a coat |
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It will be nice |
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you don't pass your examinations |
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You'll be cold |
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if |
you explain the problem to them |
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What are you going to do |
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you speak slowly |
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I'm sure they'll understand |
you can come to the party |
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2 |
It |
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105.3 Choose the correct form of the verb. |
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If I don't feel |
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l tomorrow, |
I'll stay at home, (don't feel and I'll stay |
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are right) |
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If the weather is |
/ will be nice tomorrow, we can go to the beach. |
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3 |
It will be difficult to find a hotel if we arrive / we'll arrive late. |
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The alarm will ring if there is / will be a fire. |
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I'm / I'll be surprised if they |
get / they'll get |
married. |
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6Do you go / Will you go to the party if they invite / they'll invite you?
105.4Put in if or when.
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I'm late this evening, don't wait for me. |
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I don't see you tomorrow, I'll phone you. |
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Do you mind |
I close the window? |
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I get up in the morning, I usually drink a cup of coffee. |
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Have something to eat |
you don't eat now, you'll be hungry later. |
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John is still at school |
he leaves school, he wants to go to university. |
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Be careful! |
you aren't |
careful, you'll fall. |
UNIT 106 Exercises
106.1 Write sentences about the people in box A: A ... is a person who ... Choose an ending from box B to complete your sentence. Use a dictionary if necessary.
a- thief |
A |
takes photographs |
B |
a butcher |
a dentist |
sells meat |
is very intelligent |
a musician |
a fool |
is ill in hospital |
plays a musical instrument |
a patient |
a genius |
steals things- |
doesn't tell the truth |
a photographer |
a liar |
is very stupid |
looks after your teeth |
2A butcher is a person who
3A musician is a person
4A patient is
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106.2 Make one sentence from two sentences. Use who.
2 A woman opened the door. |
She was wearing a yellow dress. |
The woman |
a yellow dress. |
3Some people live next door to us. They are very nice. The people
4A policeman stopped our car. He wasn't very friendly. The policeman
5A boy broke the window. He ran away. The boy
106.3Put in who/that/which.
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I met a woman |
can speak six languages. |
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What's the name of the man |
lives next door? |
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What's the name of the river |
goes through the town? |
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Everybody |
went to the party enjoyed it very much. |
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Do you know anybody |
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wants to buy a car? |
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Where is the picture |
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was on the wall? |
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She always asks me questions |
arc difficult to answer. |
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I have a friend |
is very good at repairing cars. |
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A coffee-maker is a machine |
makes coffee. |
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I don't like people |
never stop talking. |
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Have you seen the money |
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was on the table? |
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Why does he always wear clothes |
are too small for him? |
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UNIT 107 the people we met the hotel you stayed at
[relative clauses 2)
The man is carrying a box.
2 sentences
It's very heavy.
The box (that) he is carrying is very heavy.
1 sentence
Ann took some photographs
2 sentences
Have you seen them?
Have you seen the photographs (that) Ann took?
1sentence
•In these sentences, you do not need 'that'. You do not need that/who/which when it is the object:
subject |
verb |
object |
the box (that) the man was carrying |
The man |
was carrying |
a box. |
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Ann |
took |
some photographs. |
the photographs (that) Ann took |
You |
wanted |
the book. |
the book (that) you wanted |
We |
met |
some people. |
the people (who) we met |
-Did you find the book (that) you wanted?
-The people (who) we met were very nice.
-Everything (that) I told you was true.
Sometimes there is a preposition (to/in/at etc.) after the verb:
Jill is talking to a man. |
Do you know the man Jill is talking to? |
I slept in a bed. |
The bed I slept in was very hard. |
You stayed at a hotel. |
What's the name of the hotel you stayed at? |
You can also say {a place) where . . . : |
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What's the name of the hotel where we stayed? (= |
the hotel we stayed at) |
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Note that we say: |
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Do you know the man Jill is talking to |
(not. .. |
talking to him?') |
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The film we saw was very good, (not 'The film we saw it. . .') |
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• Remember that you need who/that/which when it is the subject (• Unit 106):
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subject |
verb |
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I met a woman |
who |
can speak |
siix languages,. |
Jim was wearing a hat |
that |
was |
too biig for hiim. |
APPENDIX 3 Short forms (he's/I'd/don't etc.)
3.1 In spoken English, we usually pronounce 'I am' as one word. The short form (I'm) is a way of writing this:
I am —» |
I'm |
- I'm feeling tired this morning. |
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it is > |
it's |
- 'Do you like this jacket?' |
'Yes, it's very nice.' |
they have —> they've |
- 'Where are your friends?' |
'They've gone home.' |
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etc. |
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When we write short forms, we use ' (an apostrophe):
3.2We use these short forms with I/he/she etc.:
am |
' m |
I'm |
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is |
's |
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he's |
she's |
it's |
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arc- |
're |
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we're |
you're |
they're |
have |
've |
I've |
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we've |
you've |
they've |
has |
's |
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he's |
she's |
it's |
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had |
'd |
I'd |
he'd |
she'd |
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we'd |
you'd |
they'd |
will |
'11 |
I'll |
he'll |
she'll |
it'll |
we'll |
you'll |
they'll |
would |
'd |
I'd |
he'd |
she'd |
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we'd |
you'd |
they'd |
-I've got blue eyes.
-We'll probably go out this evening.
-It's 10 o'clock. You're late again.
's = is or has: |
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She's going out this evening, (she's going = she is going) |
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- She's gone out. (she's gone = she has gone) |
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'd = would or had: |
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- A: What would you like to eat? |
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13: I'd like a salad, |
please. (I'd like = I would like) |
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I told the police that I'd lost my passport. (I'd lost = |
I had lost) |
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1 )o not use short forms it the verb is at the end of the sentence (• |
Unit 37): |
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'Are you tired?' |
'Yes, I am . ' (not 'Yes, I'm'.) |
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3.3 We use short forms with I/you/he/shc/it etc. But we use short forms (especially 's) with other words too:
-Who's your favourite singer? (= who is)
-What's the time? (= what is)
-There's a big tree in the garden. (= there is)
-My sister's working in London. (= my sister is working)
-Jack's gone out. (= Jack has gone out.)
-What colour's your car? (= What colour is your car?)
3.4 |
Negative short forms |
(• Unit 40) |
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not |
n't: |
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isn't |
(= is not) |
don't |
(= do not) |
can't |
(= |
cannot) |
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aren't |
(= are not) |
doesn't |
(= does not) |
couldn't |
(= |
could not) |
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wasn't |
(= was not) |
didn't |
(= did not) |
won't |
(= |
will not) |
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weren't |
(= were not) |
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wouldn't |
(= |
would not) |
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hasn't |
(= has not) |
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shouldn't |
(= |
should not) |
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haven't |
(= have not) |
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mustn't |
(= |
must not) |
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hadn't |
(= had not) |
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needn't |
(= |
need not) |
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- We went to her house but she wasn't at home. |
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- 'Where's John?' |
'I don't know. I haven't seen him.' |
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-You work all the time. You shouldn't work so hard.
-I won't be here tomorrow. (= I will not)
3.5's {apostrophe + s)
's can mean different things:
a) 's = is or has (see section 2 of this appendix)
b) let's = let us (• Unit 48)
- The weather is nice. Let's go out. (= Let us go out.)
c)Mary's camera (= her camera) / my brother's car (= his car) / the manager's office (= his/her office) etc. (• Unit 58)
Compare:
-Mary's camera was very expensive. (Mary's camera = her camera)
-Mary's a very good photographer. (Mary's = Mary is)
-Mary's got a new camera. (Mary's got = Mary has got)