Крок 1 stom. по темам1

E. Microphages

It is known, that the important component of aero-haematic barrier is surfactant which warns closed alveoli during breathe in. By what cells of alveoli are synthesized phospholipids which constructed these membranes?

A.Alveolocytes ІІ type *

B.Respiratory cells

C.Goblet cells

D.Alveolar macrophages

E.Endotheliocytes of capillaries

In patient with laryngeal diphtheria doctor founded membranous coats on mucosa, that strong connected with epithelia. To what types of epithelia, marked below, the membranous coats fixed strong?

A.Compound keratinazed

B.Compound non-keratinazed *

C.Pseudostatified

D.Simple sqamous

E.Simple cilindrical

In histologic preparation of the organ which wall has mucous, submucous, fibrouscartilage and adventitial shall is submitted. Epithelia - pseudostratified. In submucous

– end-pieces of the mixed glands. Hyaline cartilage forms large plates. What organ has the given morphological attributes?

A.Large bronchi *

B.Trachea

C.Small bronchi

D.Larynx

E.Middle bronchi

In an electronic microphoto of biopsy structures into which structure enters surfactant, alveolocytes I type, basal lamina and fenestrated epithelia of capillaries are submitted. What histo-haematic barrier in human body content from these structures?

A.Haemato-encefalic

B.Haemato-thymic

C.Aero-haematic *

D.Uro-haematic

E.Haemato-testicularis

The patient has acted arrived in branch with attack of asthma which is caused by spasm of smooth muscles of respiratory ways. Name departments of respiratory ways to which basically it is connected this attack.

A.Bronchi of small caliber*

B.Bronchi of middle caliber

C.Bronchi of large caliber

D.Terminal bronchioles

E.Respiratory departments

Lung of premature infant is presented on electronic photomicrography of biopsy material. Collapse of the alveolar wall caused by the deficiency of surfactant was revealed. Disfunction of what cells of the alveolar wall caused it?

A Alveocytes type II *

B Alveocytes type I

CAlveolar macrophages

DSecretory cells

EFibroblasts

A patient was admitted to the hospital with an asphyxia attack provoked by a spasm of smooth muscles of the respiratory tracts. This attack was mainly caused by

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A microphotography represents a fragment of cortical substance of a kidney. This fragment contains thick spot cells and juxtaglomerular cells with big secretory granules. What kidney structure is represented?

AJuxtaglomerular apparatus*

BRenal corpuscle

CFiltering barrier

DProstaglandin apparatus

EChoroid glomus

Electron-microscope investigation of cortical substance of a kidney reveals some structures lined with prismatic epithelium that normally has brush border and deep plicae of plasmolemma in its basal part. There is a big number of mitochondrions between these plicae. These structures belong to the following part of a nephron:

AProximal tubule*

BDistal convoluted tubule

CHenle's loop

DRenal corpuscle

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E Distal straight tubule

The patient with disease of kidneys which is accompanied by an ischemia of parenchyma has the high level of arterial pressure. What conducting leading factor is the reason of increase the AP at this patient?

A.High level of angiotensin ІІ*

B.High level of vasopressine

C.High level of renine

D.Increase of sympathetic nervous system’s activity

E.Hyperkateholemia

At the patient after a heavy trauma the shock has developed and attributes of acute renal insufficiency (ARI) have appeared. What is conducting leading mechanism of development ARI in this case?

A. Stasis of urine

B. Decreasing of blood pressure*

C.Increasing of blood pressure

D.Renal injury

E.Nephroptosis

Symptoms of anemia are found out in the patient with chronic glomerulonephritis. What has caused occurrence of these symptoms?

A.Decreasing of erithropoietines’ synthesis*

B.Haematuria

C.Increasing of normal erythrocytes’ destruction

D.Haemolysis of erithricytes

E.Decreasing of synthesis of hemoglobin

At the patient of 18 years at laboratory analyses glucose presence in urine is revealed at normal its concentration in blood plasma. The most authentic reason of it is infringement:

A.Glomerular filtration

B.Tubular secretion

C.Glucocorticoids’ secretion

D.Secretion of insulin

E.Tubular reabsorbtion*

At electronic microscopy in renal cortex structures that lining by cylindrical epithelia with brush border and plicaes of basal plasmalemma are defined determined. Between plicaes there are many mitochondrias. What department of nephrons possesses the described structures?

A.Henle’s loop

B.Proximal convoluted tubule*

C.Renal corpuscle

D.Collecting tubule

E.Capsula of nephron

At the girl of 5 years old, who was treated for cystitis, increase temperature up to 390 С is marked. On the basis of clinical and laboratory analyses the acute inflammation of renal pelvises is diagnosed (pyelonephritis). What structural features have most likely caused propensity of child to pyelonephritis?

A.Renal infarct

B.Undevelopment почечных лоханок

C.Short ureters*

D.Renal ectopia

E.Small diameter of ureters

Developmental anomalies of urinary system meet, on the statistical data, in 10-14 % of newborn children. From which sources, marked below, kedney developmented?

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A.Splanchnotome

B.Mezenchyma

C.Nephrogonotome*

D.Segmental legs

E.Allantois

During clinical inspection in the 35-years woman with disease of kidneys in urine blood cells are found out, that is authentically connected to infringement of renal filter. This filter will consist of what structures?

A.Endotheliocytes, podocytes

B.Three-layered basal lamina

C.Endotheliocytes, basal lamina

D.Podocytes, basal lamina

E.Endotheliocytes, basal lamina, podocytes *

In experiment increase of blood pressure is received from an animal by narrowing of renal arteries. What function of kidneys’ cells causes this effect?

A.Podocytes

B.Juxtaglomerular cells *

C.Endotheliocytes

D.Interstitial cells

E.Cells of macula densa

At the laboratory analysis of urine of the patient it is revealed, that it has subacidic reaction. What cells of kidneys provide this reaction of urine?

A.Cells of collecting tubules *

B.Juxtaglomerular cells

C.Juxtavascular cells

D.Cells of macula densa

E.Interstitial cells

On preparation it is well visible capillary rete, located between two arterioles (rete mirabile). In what body it is possible to find out this picture?

A.In kidney *

B.In liver

C.In suprarenal gland

D.In spleen

E.In lungs

The patient of 46 years has addressed to the surgeon with complaints to allocation from umbilicus a transparent liquid with unpleasant smell. At laboratory research of this liquid it is determined, that it is urine, the diagnosis is established. Surgical treatment is recommended. What structure it is necessary to lead carry out to the given patient?

A.Urahus*

B.Ureter

C.Uretry

D.Umbilical vein

E.Umbilical cord

The low specific gravity of the secondary urine (1002) was found out in the sick person. What is the most distant part of nephron where concentration of secondary urine takes place?

A In the collecting tubules *

BIn the nephron’s glomerulus

CIn proximal tubule of nephron

DIn ascending part of loop of Henle

EIn distal tubule of nephron

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In an embryo on 2-3 week of development are found out gonocytes - predecessors of reproductive cells. In what material these cells are differentiated?

A.In dermatomes

B.In mesenchyma

C.In germinal ectoderm

D.In yolk sac *

E.In germinal endoderm

At the man of 35 years after the received doze of an irradiation it is broken spermatogenesis. From what cells there is a restoration of spermatogenesis?

A.Glandulocytes

B.Spermatozoa

C.Spermatogonia*

D.Sustentocytes

E.Spermatides

At the middle-aged man occurrence is observed secondary sexual attributes behind female type. What function of testis’ cells is reduced?

A.Sustentocytes

B.Glandulocytes*

C.Spermatozoa

D.Exocrinocytes

E.Fibrocytes

In wall of yolk sac cells with the large nucleus, the raised increased maintenance contents of glycogen and high activity of alkaline phosphotaze are found out. Subsequently these cells with blood on vessels migrate to mesonephros. In what cells of man's reproductive system they are differentiated?

A.Leidig’s cells

B.Supporting cells

C.Spermatogenic cells *

D.Fibroblasts

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At the analysis of blood in not pregnant woman the age of 26 years finds out low concentration of oestrogens and high of progesterone. In what stage of ovarianmenstrual cycle the analysis of blood has been made?

A.Premenstrual phase *

B.Menstrual phase

C.Postmenstrual phase

D.Desquamation

E.Proliferation

38Control of mastering of the submodule 4.

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39Final test control of the module 2.

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