The napoleonic wars

The Napoleonic Wars (1803–1815) were a series of wars between Napoleon'sFrench Empireand a series of opposing coalitions. As a continuation ofthe warssparked by theFrench Revolutionof 1789, they revolutionized European armies and played out on an unprecedented scale, mainly owing to the application of modernmass conscription. French power rose quickly as Napoleon's armies conquered much of Europe but collapsed rapidly after France's disastrousinvasion of Russia in 1812. Napoleon was defeated in 1814; he returned and was finally defeated in 1815 atWaterloo, and all France's gains were taken away by the victors.

Before a final victory against Napoleon, five of seven coalitions saw defeat at the hands of France. France defeated the first and second coalitions during the French Revolutionary Wars, the third (notably atAusterlitz), the fourth (notably atJena,Eylau, andFriedland) and the fifth coalition (notably atWagram) under the leadership of Napoleon. These great victories gave the French Army a sense of invulnerability, especially when it approached Moscow. But after the retreat from Russia, in spite of incomplete victories, France was defeated by the sixth coalition atLeipzig, in thePeninsular WaratVitoriaand at the hands of the seventh coalition at Waterloo.

The wars resulted in the dissolution of the Holy Roman Empireand sowed the seeds of nascent nationalism in GermanyandItalythat would lead to the two nations' respective consolidations later in the century. Meanwhile, the globalSpanish Empirebegan to unravel as Frenchoccupation of Spainweakened Spain's hold over its colonies, providing an opening fornationalist revolutions in Spanish America. As a direct result of the Napoleonic wars, theBritish Empirebecame the foremostworld powerfor the next century.

VІ. Виконання післятекстових вправ.

1. Запишіть подані слова та словосполучення до словника, за транскрибуйте та перекладіть. Підготуйтеся до словникого диктанту.

opposing coalitions, to spark, to play out, an unprecedented scale, a conscription

to collapse, to be defeated, a victor, a sense of invulnerability, to result in the dissolution, to sow the seeds, nascent nationalism, a consolidation, to unravel,

a colony.

2. Складіть анотацію до тексту, користуючись планом.

3. Визначте, чи є подані твердження хибними або істинними:

1. The Napoleonic Wars were a series of wars between  French EmpireandAustria.

2. The Great French Revolution took place in 1790.

3. The fifth coalition at Eylau was won under the leadership of Napoleon.

4. The dissolution of the Holy Roman Empirethe seeds of nascent nationalism in Germany were the resuls of the Napoleonic wars.

5. Russian Empire became the foremost world powerfor the next century.

Список літератури:

1. Барановська Т.В. Граматика англійської мови. Збірник вправ /

Т.В. Барановська. – К.: ВП Логос-М, 2008. – 384 с.

2. Верба Л.Г. Граматика сучасної англійської мови/ Л.Г. Верба, Г.В. Верба. – К.: ТОВ Логос-М, 2007. – 352 с.

Змістовий модуль 2 «Студент та його оточення»