Grammar Focus Future Simple

Действие произойдет в будущем
tomorrow (завтра) soon (скоро) in 2045 (в 2045 году) the day after tomorrow (послезавтра) in 2 days (через два дня) next week/month/year (на прошлой неделе/месяце/году)
“+”	“-“	“?”
(I, we) shall + V1 will + V1	shall not (shan’t) + V1 will not (won’t) + V1	Shall/will … V1 …? When shall/will … V1…?
I shall come soon. He will stay at home.	I shan’t arrive tomorrow. Hw will not write me a letter.	Shall I leave tomorrow? When will she come?

Task 10. Make the sentences negative and put questions to the underlined words:

1. I shall see you tomorrow.

2. Polly will make a mound in the middle of the lawn.

3. He will compost his tomatoes soon.

4. This masonry wall will look good here.

5. The farmer fertilizes his potatoes regularly.

6. The concrete crumbled soon.

7. They will start their own rock garden in a couple of days.

8. This flower is very rare.

Task 11. Open the brackets using the right tense form:

1. Next week he (to be) five years old.

2. When I grow up I (to become) a decorator.

3. She (to have) her own small garden.

4. Pete (to prepare) his soil for planting two days ago.

5. Every day she (to work) in the garden but yesterday she (to be) too tired after work and (not to do) it.

6. We (to get) new plants next week.

7. From time to time he (to add) soil. It (to protect) the roots.

8. I think it (to start) raining soon.

Modal Verbs

can	физические или умственные способности (может, умеет)
	“+”	“-“	“?”
Present	I can swim	He can’t swim She cannot swim.	Can you swim?
Past	He could swim.	She couldn’t swim.	Could you swim?
Future	She will be able to swim.	He will not be able to swim.	Will you be able to swim?

may	разрешение, возможность, предположение, сомнение (может, имеет разрешение)
	“+”	“-“	“?”
Present	I may open the window.	You may not do it.	May I go out?
Past	He might do it.	You might not go.	Might he come?

must	необходимость, моральная обязанность (должен, обязан)
	“+”	“-“	“?”
Present	You must listen.	She mustn’t go.	Must I come?
Past	She had to go.	I didn’t have to come.	Did she have to go?
Future	I will have to go.	She won’t have to do it.	Will he have to do it?

should	моральный долг, совет (должен, следует, следовало бы)
	“+”	“-“	“?”
Present	He should be here.	You shouldn’t do it.	Should he leave?

to be to	необходимость действия по предварительной договоренности, по плану (должен)
	“+”			“-“		“?”
Present	I am to go. He is to leave. We are to come.			I am not to go. He is not to leave. We are not to come.		Am I to go? Is he to leave? Are we to come?
Past	He was to do it. We were to go.			He wasn’t to do it. We weren’t to go.		Was he to do it? Were we to go?
ought to		моральный долг, желательность действия (должен)
		“+”	“-“		“?”
Present		He ought to go.	You ought not to do it.		Ought he to leave?

need	необходимость совершения действия (нужно, необходимо)
	“+”	“-“	“?”
Present	I need to go. She needs help.	I don’t need it. He doesn’t need it.	Do you need it? Does he need it?
Past	He needed to go.	He didn’t need it.	Did you need it?
Future	I will need to buy it.	I won’t need to go.	Will you need a car?

to be able to	физические, умственные способности (умеет, может; в прошедшем времени – смог, удалось)
	“+”	“-“	“?”
Past	He was able to come. They were able to do it.	He wasn’t able to come. They weren’t able to do it.	Was he able to come? Were they able to do it?
Future	She will be able to leave.	She won’t be able to leave.	Will she be able to leave?

have to	вынужденность обстоятельствами (должен, вынужден)
	“+”	“-“	“?”
Present	I have to go. She has to leave.	I don’t have to go. She doesn’t have to leave.	Do I have to go? Does she have to leave?
Past	He had to hurry.	He didn’t have to hurry.	Did he have to hurry?
Future	She will have to hurry.	She won’t have to hurry.	Will she have to hurry?

Task 12. Find in the text sentences with modal verbs and translate them.

Task 13. Translate the sentences and make them negative:

1. My secretary can type 100 words a minute.

2. You should call your parents.

3. He must be here at 7 o’clock. I think he will have to hurry.

4. Polly may leave her office a little earlier today.

5. I need to buy some artificial flowers. I will be able to find them in this store.

6. You should cover your rock garden with plants.

7. Mother had to go to work by taxi as she was late for the bus.

8. She is to come at 6. But she may be late.

9. I could buy this car.

10. She was able to reach the place by noon though it was really hard.

Task 14. Choose the correct variant:

1. There are no people in the hall. We … talk here.

a. must b. can c. need

2. My sight is getting worse. I am afraid I … to read without glasses.

a. cannot b. may not c. will not be able

3. She … to sell her flat as she had no money.

a. must b. had to c. could

4. … I come in? – the boy asked the teacher.

a. Need b. Ought c. May

5. You … touch the statues. It is the rule of the museum.

a. shouldn’t b. mustn’t c. can’t

6. I … swim very well when I was only 6 years old.

a. had to b. could c. was to

7. I am so tired! I … run any more.

a. cannot b. mustn’t c. have to

8. According to the plan he … meet her at 7.

a. has to b. should c. is to

9. You … enter the private property – it’s against the law!

a. shouldn’t b. mustn’t c. ought not

10. He … finish first and so he became a champion.

a. could b. had to c. was able to

Task 15. Read and translate the text. Fill in the spaces with the words from the box:

allot – выделять, распределять

sprawl – растягивать

nook – укромный уголок

sandstone – песчаник

bed – зд. клумба

longevity – долговечность

crumbly	require	influence	exploit	attractive
beauty	goal	durable	mow	silver