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“TEN STEPS TO SUCCESS”

Here we are dedicated to helping you achieve your goals

Be optimistic and work hard!

MODULE 1: You are the centre of the world

LESSON ONE (parts 1, 2)

“The English Language is the kingdom of a sleeping beauty,

You must awaken her in yourself and the whole kingdom will come to life and will be yours”.

L. Szhutnik

LESSON ONE. Part one

1. Phonetics

Question: What is the difference between the English and Ukrainian languages?

The alphabet

Sounds

Intonation and rhythm

Vocabulary

Word order

Grammar

Read the alphabet / the ABC.

Practice – English in use

Task 1: Read the ABC from A to Z then from Z to A several times to remember the names of all the letters.

Task 2: Study Phonetic reference - Appendix one – 26 letters but 44 phonemes (sounds), the rules of reading, signs of transcription and the Ukrainian – English transliteration table.

a). Write down your name / surname and those of your friends; a name of the place of your residence in English;

b). Spell as many words as you can, for example: family, English, computer, weather, whether, freedom, happiness, presentation, practice, production, dream, explore, discover etc.

Task 3: Read the letters given at random:

M q H E j g m P b t X s T w

V u y W Q S p v L N o K h

R O h C N f I k D J z a i B l

d F c A Y r I a G j R q C s P

Help:

Grammar reference – граматична довідка

Task – завдання

Several - декілька

Remember - пам’ятати

Practice – практика, практикувати

Letter – літера

Study –навчання, вивчати

At random - наугад

Appendix - додаток

Table - таблиця

Surname - прізвище

Spell – назвати по буквах

Pronounce – вимовляти

Double – подвійний, подвоювати

Etc - та інше (скорочення від et cetera)

Sentence – речення

1. Sounds and transcription

The English and Ukrainian languages belong to different language families and differ much. Study, for example, the English rules of pronunciation and reading:

English sounds, both consonants and vowels, are pronounced distinctly, with a tension. It provides a rhythmical reading and a definite place of a stressed vowel in the mouth. The position of lips and a tongue is important. Also there is often no correlation in English between sounds and spelling. Study the example below:

‘ou’ can be pronounced in a number of different ways: cloud, pour, though, through, journey, enough, double, cousin etc.

1). Every vowel (6 of them) – a, e, i (y as a vowel), o, u has at least two types of reading in a stressed position.

The 1^st one is an alphabetic reading when the stressed syllable is open. Study the schemes:

- vowel + vowel ( e.g. bee, sea, teacher, people, indeed, goal, road, due);

- vowel + consonant + vowel ( e.g. plane, tube, rice – final “e” is not read)

The 2^nd type: the stressed syllable is closed and the rules of reading are different in the schemes: - vowel + consonant (e.g. rag, rid, red, rod, rug);

- vowel +2(3) consonants + vowel (e.g. apple, letter, little, important.)

Note: The English language has been historically connected with different European languages. As a result, a number of synonyms is great (e.g. to begin, start, commence have the same translation – “починати”). Also it led to different rules of reading (e.g. English, are, give, never, have, every, friend, opinion etc.)

2). Every sound of a stressed vowel has its place in a mouth.

There are narrow (upper) and open (low) sounds (as in the words: men-man, pen-pan, bed-bad, together-gather, red-rabbit);

front, middle, back sounds (lake-luck-lock; cake-cut-caught);

short and long ones (duck-dark, mid-mead, pick-peek, pitch-peach, ship-sheep, rid-read, did-deed, this-these, hut-heart).

To differentiate the sounds or read words in the dictionary correctly we need to know transcription signs (signs of sounds).

Practice – English in use

Task: Read the words and sentences

1. Apple, book, cat, door, elephant, flag, gloves, horse, ill, jeep, key, lamp, moon, notes, orange, pencil, question, rain, star, telephone, umbrella, vase, watch, X-rays, yacht, zero.

2. Deb-Dent, set-ten, bed-ten, find-five, mash-mesh, settle-saddle, bet-bat, date-day; sad eyes, little bees, let’s see, a dark duck, young-youth, tea and lemon, hotels and hospitals, Adam and Eve, white-black, eating dinner, if you please, little Pete, green spring.

3. It is my cat. This is a fat black cat. Here is my fat cat on a mat. I like my fat cat that is lying on a mat. Look at my lovely black cat which is holding a fat rat! Uh! A fat black cat sat on a mat and ate a rat.

Help:

Transcription – транскрипція

Distinct – чіткий

Tension – напруга

Mind – мати на увазі

Vowel – голосна

Stressed syllable – ударний склад

Consonant – приголосна

Such – такий

According to – згідно

Memorize – запам’ятовувати

Mouth - рот

Narrow – вузький

Upper – верхній

Front – передній

Middle – середній

Back – задній

Sign – знак

Divide – ділити, розділяти

Attentive – уважний

Following – наступний