Три типа условных предложений

В сложноподчиненный предложениях с придаточными условными выделяются три типа условных предложений: реальное условное (I тип). Маловероятное условное (II тип), нереальное условие (III тип).

I тип. Если говорящий считает свое условие выполнимым (реальным), он употребляет и в главном, и в придаточном предложениях формы изъявительного наклонения.

Eg.: If you call me tomorrow, Если ты позвонишь мне

I shall give you the information. завтра, я дам тебе

информацию.

Вспомните!

В английском языке в придаточных времени и условия будущее время не употребляется, вместо него употребляется настоящее, а переводится оно будущим.

II и III тип. В придаточных предложениях маловероятного (малоосуществимого) условия речь идет о событиях настоящего или будущего. В придаточных нереального условия говорится о событиях прошлого. И в том, и в другом случаях говорится о событиях, не имеющих места в действительности, следовательно, употребляется сослагательное наклонение: в главном – сослагательное I, в придаточном – сослагательное II.

Eg.: II тип:

If I had a dictionary I should Если бы у меня был словарь

translate the text right now. я бы перевел текст прямо сейчас.

III тип:

If he had had money he would have Если бы у него были деньги, он

bought the car. бы купил машину (в прошлом).

У П Р А Ж Н Е Н И Я

Упр. 111. Прочитайте предложения и определите типы условных предложений.

1. We shall play football if it doesn't rain. 2. We shaould have played football if it hadn't been raining. 3. Carrie would play her part better if she were an actress. 4. If I want to buy new shoes I shall go to the store. 5. I shouldn't have believed it if I hadn't seen it with my own eyes. 6. He may understand it if you speak slowly. 7. He would take me with him if I were ready. 8. If I had known that you were in hospital I should have visited you. 9. If you bring me the book I shall read it. 10. If you rang me up I should come. 11. If I read these instructions I shall tell you what to do. 12. If we see him there we shall give him the textbook. 13. If my father had time he would help me to fix the bicycle. 14. If they were here they would help us. 15. I should have given him my ticket if he had asked me about it. 16. If we receive our documents tomorrow we shall start to install the equipment. 17. He wouldn't have caught a cold if he had put on his raincoat. 18. If he is at school he is probably working in the library. 19. If he had been a bad man I shouldn't have defended him. 20. If she told a lie she would become red.

Упр. 112. Раскройте скобки, употребив нужную форму сослагательного наклонения.

A.

1. If I knew her well, I (to speak) to her. 2. If he attended classes regularly, he (to make) good progress. 3. If she had more practice, she (to speak) English better. 4. If we had the money, we (to take) a trip to the South America. 5. If he went to bed earlier, he (not to feel) so tired. 6. If he drove more carefully, he (to have) less accidents. 7. If he paid his debts (долги), people (to respect) him more. 8. If he knew English better, he (to read) English novels. 9. If he prepared his homework every day, he (to get) better marks. 10. If I spoke Spanish as well as you, I (to be) very happy. 11. If they were really poor, they (not to be) able to live as they do. 12. If Helen were here, she (to know) what to do.

B.

1. If I (to own) a car, I would take a trip to California. 2. If she (to work) harder, she would probably get a better salary. 3. If I (to know) how to drive, I would buy a car. 4. If he (to know) more grammar, he would make less mistakes. 5. If he (not to waste) so much time, he would make better progress. 6. If we (to leave) right away, we could be there in an hour. 7. If you (to take) the noon train, you would get there at about two o’clock. 8. If I (not to have) to work today, I would go with you to the beach. 10. If I (to have) the money, I would go to Mexico on my vacation. 10. If she (to study) more, she would get better marks. 11. If I (to be) you, I wouldn’t mention it to her. 12. If John (to be) here, he would help us with the work.

C.

1. They (to go) for a swim in the lake, if it had been warm 2. I (to do) my best to arrange the matter, if you had given me to act. 3. Even if you had given her every opportunity to do so, she (cannot do) it in so short a time. 4. I (to help) you, if I had known about it. 5. The accident (not to happen), if the other driver had not been speeding. 6. If it had not been raining for the fortnight, we (to cross) the river easily. 7. The dinner (not to be spoiled), if you had not said those words. 8. She (to know) how to act, if she had been given all the instructions. 9. If I had had a dictionary, I (to finish) the translation in time. 10. She (not to be) so tired, if she had slept well last night.

D.

1. If I (to know) that you were in hospital, I should have visited you. 2. If you (to arrive) ten minutes earlier, you would have got a seat. 3. You would have seen my garden, if you (to be) here last week. 4. I wouldn’t have believed it, if I (not to see) it with my own eyes. 5. I should have offered him my help, if I (to realize) he was ill. 6. If I (to realize) what a bad driver you were, I wouldn’t have come with you. 7. If you (to speak) more slowly, he might have understood you. 8. If I (to try) again, I think I would have succeeded. 9. If you (to obey) my instructions, you would not have got into trouble. 10. If you (not to sneeze) he wouldn’t have known that we were there.

Упр. 113. Образуйте сослагательное наклонение в предложениях с придаточными условными, относящимися к настоящему времени.

1. If you (to find) a dead body in the bath, you (to be) very surprised. 2. If someone (to point) a gun at you, you (to get) a shock. 3. If my dog (to begin) to talk, I (to be) speechless. 4. If you (to see) a flying saucer you (to find) it difficult to believe. 5. If I (to give) her a diamond ring, she (to sell) it. 6. If you (to go) on a diet, you (to lose) weight. 7. If I (to come) across two men fighting with knives, I (to call) a police. 8. If you (to give) me one million dollars I (to spend) it all. 9. If I (to see) a tiger across the street, I (to climb) a tree. 10. If someone (to ring) my door at 3 a.m., I (to be) unwilling to open. 11. If I (to have) a lot of money, I (to drink) champagne with every meal. 12. If I (to be) the English teacher, I (to give) the students only excellent marks.

Упр. 114. Образуйте сослагательное наклонение в предложениях с придаточными условными, относящихся к прошедшему времени.

1. If Jack (not to hurt) his leg yesterday, he (to take part) in the competition. 2. If the weather (to be) fine last Sunday, we (to go) out of town. 3. I (to tell) her about the meeting, if I (to meet) her. 4. He (to join) us, if he (not to be) so busy. 5. If she (to be present) at the last lesson, she (to know) the material better. 6. If you (not to waste) so much time during the term, you (not to fail) at the exams. 7. If you (not to miss) the train, you (to come) in time. 8. If you (to listen) to the teacher carefully, you (to understand) the grammar rule. 9. If he (to have) a ticket, he (to go) to the theatre with us. 10. If he (to win) the championship, he (to be sent) abroad. 11. If I (to see) you last morning, I (to talk) to you. 12. If he (not to be married), he (to marry) me.

Упр. 115. Раскройте скобки, употребляя глаголы в требующейся форме сослагательного наклонения.

1. I should be very glad, if he (to come) to my place. 2. If he (to live) in St. Petersburg, he would go to the Hermitage every week. 3. If you (to go) to the theatre with us last week, you would have enjoyed the evening. 4. You wouldn’t have understood the rule, if you (not to listen) to the teacher. 5. I shouldn’t have bought the car, if my friend (not to lend) me the money. 6. If he were not so hard-working, he (not to pass) the exams last June. 7. If he didn’t live in our street, we (not to meet) with him so often. 8. I should buy the shoes, if they (not to be) so small for me. 9. If she (to be) more careful about the diet, she wouldn’t be so stout. 10. You wouldn’t feel so bad if you (to smoke) less yesterday. 11. If he (to learn) the poem, he wouldn’t have got a bad mark. 12. If you gave me your dictionary for a few days, I (to translate) this text. 13. If I (to be) an actress, I should be very happy. 14. If Barbara (to get up) at 7 o’clock, she wouldn’t have been late for school. 15. If you had not put the cup at the edge of the table, it (not to get) broken.

Упр. 116. Раскройте скобки, употребляя глаголы в требующейся форме сослагательного или изъявительного наклонения.

1. If he (to warn) me, I should have done the work in time. 2. If my brother (to be) in trouble, I shall help him. 3. You won’t understand the rule, if you (not) to listen to the teacher. 4. If you (to bring) me the book, I should read it. 5. If he hadn’t called me, I (not to come). 6. If you pass your exams, we (to celebrate) it. 7. He would have been the best pupil in the class, if he (to work) harder. 8. If I (to be) you, I should apologize to her. 9. If the weather is fine, we (to go) out of town. 10. It would take you about ten hours, if you (to go) there by train. 11. I’ll begin to study English when they (to take) me to their office. 12. If he had read the instructions, he (to tell) you what to do. 13. If we (to know) him better, we should have invited him to our party. 14. If my friends came on holidays, I (to be) very glad. 15. If I get a bad mark, my parents (to be) very angry with me.

Упр. 117. Образуйте условные предложения.

1. You didn't ring me up, so I didn't know you were in trouble. If… 2. You left the child alone in the room, so he hurt himself. If … 3. I am not well now, so I can’t go with you to the theatre. If … 4. It rains heavily, so we can’t get out. If … 5. Why didn’t you watch the cat? It ate all the fish. If … 6. A black cloud appeared from behind the forest, so we had to hurry home. If … 7. The travellers have no camera with them, so they don’t take pictures of the beautiful scenery. If … 8. There was no sugar left, so we had to go to the shop late in the evening. If … 9. This house is very nice, but it is not very good for living because it is situated close to the chemical plant and the air around it is very bad. If … 10. He is an excellent specialist but I can’t ask his advice because I am not acquainted with him. If … 11. We lost our way as the night was dark. If … 12. I had a bad headache yesterday, that’s why I didn’t come to see you. If … 13. Naturally she was very angry because you were in her way. If … 14. We shall not go to see them because it is very late. If … 15. He broke his car and so he didn’t go to the country. If …

Упр. 118. Закончите предложения, употребив соответствующую форму сослагательного наклонения.

A.

1. If he had eaten less …

2. If he had taken my advice …

3. If I were married to a millionaire …

4. If I had one million dollars …

5. If I had entered the Pedagogical University …

6. If he were not so lazy …

7. You would look better if …

8. If I had done my homework …

9. You would be angry if …

10. I should have bought a car if …

11. I would live in Los Angeles if …

12. She would become a film star if …

B.

1. If I had married that girl …

2. But for the summer exams …

3. It is important that …

4. He looks as if …

5. My parents demand that …

6. I would pass the exams in time if …

7. If only …

8. It is time …

9. If I were the President …

10. He will come to my birthday party if …

11. But for my illness last week …

12. He would have won the competition if …

13. She speaks as though …

14. It is doubtful that …

15. If he were more clever …

Упр. 119. Раскройте скобки, употребляя глаголы в соответствующей форме сослагательного наклонения.

1. If they (to leave) him in peace for a little while! 2. Nobody (to tell) you about it. 3. He ordered that everybody (to come) at 9 a.m. 4. But for a lucky chance, she never (to meet) him. 5. Everyone (to take) food enough for a week or so. 6. If only we (not to take) the boat and (to go) by plane! 7. I (to be) greatly disappointed not to find you. 8. I should be very happy if you (to invite) me to your place. 9. If I (to be) you, I (to buy) this dress. 10. It is desirable that you (to do) the work tomorrow. 11. It seems impossible that a man (to go) so far beyond his limits. 12. The situation demanded that strict measures (to take). 13. His wish was that all this (to change) as soon as possible. 14. We wished that nothing (to change). 15. It is high time they (to do) what they promised. 16. It seemed as if the walls (to fall) on him. 17. He looked as though he (to have) all his teeth pulled out. 18. He feared that the whole project (to fail). 19. He didn’t know if it (to be) right to talk to them like that. 20. It is impossible that she (to quarrel) with him yesterday. 21. But for the rain we (to start) in the morning. 22. If you (to come) in time we (not to wait) now.