Отличие герундия от причастия.

Герундий от причастия можно отличить по следующим признакам.

1. По функции.

Герундий может выполнять в предложении любую функцию. Причастие может быть только определением или обстоятельством.

2. По наличию или отсутствию предлога.

Если герундий употребляется в функции определения или обстоятельства, перед ним будет стоять предлог. Причастие же никогда не употребляется с предлогом.

Функция определения:

I saw a girl crossing the street. – Причастие.

The idea of crossing the street here is not good. – Герундий.

Функция обстоятельства.

Coming home he turned on TV. – Причастие.

On coming home he turned on TV. – Герундий.

У П Р А Ж Н Е Н И Я

Упр. 66. Образуйте все формы герундия от следующих глаголов.

to read, to open, to close, to write, to swim, to train, to build.

Упр. 67. Определите, какую функцию в предложении выполняет герундий. Переведите предложения на русский язык.

1. I think it’s no use going there. 2. Has it stopped raining? 3. He never thought of being presented a new watch. 4. It was very kind of you to have taken the trouble of organizing the party. 5. He could tell the funniest jokes without stopping. 6. What is the most effective method of studying English? 7. He could destroy all their plans by refusing to join them. 8. After having been instructed properly she did the work well. 9. He hates being spoken to like a little boy. 10. I don’t insist on our skating today. 11. He had a good chance of winning the competition. 12. I don’t want to get the money by breaking the law. 13. Going to the cinema is a good idea.

Упр. 68. Найдите герундий в предложениях, определите его форму. Переведите предложения на русский язык.

1. I like sitting in the sunshine. 2. Thank you for having helped me. 3. Being invited to their club was his life dream. 4. I am proud of being a citizen of our country. 5. After having read the article he made some notes in his copybook. 6. Nobody likes being interrupted. 7. He told us of having been sent to Moscow last year. 8. He told us of being sent to Moscow. 9. They informed the chief of having finished the experiment. 10. I am surprised at your making so many mistakes in your test. 11. I am surprised at your having made so many mistakes in your test. 12. What do you say to turning back? 13. Having done such a thing was a mistake. 14. I don’t like the idea of going out in this rain. 15. His manner of writing is very peculiar. 16. She stopped answering my letters, and I wondered what the matter might be. 17. Can you remember having mentioned this fact to anyone? 18. I am terrified of having to do it. 19. After having been rejected by a dozen of magazines the article was at last published in a provincial newspaper. 20. I understand your wanting to leave. 21. This is playing a dishonest game.

Упр. 69. Найдите в предложениях глаголы с окончанием –ing. Определите, являются они герундием или причастием I. Переведите предложения на русский язык.

1. Being told the news she looked surprised. 2. On being told the news she looked surprised. 3. Having done the work they relaxed. 4. Having done the work in time was not expected. 5. He broke the silence by inviting everybody to table. 6. He broke the silence inviting everybody to table. 7. I like sitting by the fire. 8. They talked sitting by the fire. 9. There is little hope of catching the train. 10. There is little hope to catch the train standing here and waiting for a bus.

Упр. 70. Раскройте скобки, используя соответствующую форму герундия.

1. Non-perfect Gerund в действительном или страдательном залоге.

1. Why do you avoid (see) me? 2. He tried to avoid (see). 3. We insist on (send) him there at once. 4. He insisted on (send) there instead of me. 5. Do you mind (examine) the first? 6. He showed no sign of (know) them. 7. She showed no sign of (impress). 8. He hated (remind) people of their duties or (remind) of his. 9. In (discuss) the problem they touched upon very interesting things. 10. The equipment must go through a number of tests before (install). 11. The operator can set the machine in motion by (press) the button or (press) the pedal. 12. The water requires (filter). 13. He had a habit of (joke) at the wrong moment. 14. The matter is not worth (speak) of.

2. Любую подходящую форму герундия.

1. Excuse me for (give) you so much trouble. 2. You never mentioned (speak) to them on the subject. 3. He was proud of (award) a prize. 4. I don’t remember ever (see) you. 5. I don’t remember (ask) this question. 6. The boys were punished for (break) the window. 7. He was quite serious in (say) that. 8. She seems sorry for (be) rude to me. 9. The boy was afraid of (punish). 10. He had no talent of (express) himself on paper. 11. After (examine) by the doctor, the young man was taken to hospital. 12. They accused me of (mislead) them. 13. She was looking forward to (give) the leading role in the performance. 14. She reproached me for not (keep) my promise. 15. We found him busy (look) through morning newspapers. 16. After (look) through and (sort) out, the letters were registered and filed. 17. He liked doing things without (disturb) anyone or (disturb).

Упр. 71. Замените придаточные предложения оборотами с герундием.

1. When I received the telegramme, I started home at once. 2. You may avoid many mistakes if you observe these rules. 3. When he entered the room he greeted everybody. 4. After they had sat for a few minutes they continued their trip. 5. While he was copying the text he made a few mistakes. 6. I am thankful that I have been stopped in time. 7. I remember that I have read the book. 8. After she had tried all the keys she finally found the right one. 9. He is proud that he has never been beaten at chess tournaments. 10. I don’t remember that I have ever come across this name before. 11. You can improve your knowledge of English if you read more. 12. The doctor insisted that he should stay at home.