У п р а ж н е н и я

Упр.3. Закончите следующие предложения, используя образец.

Model: I swim well and my friend…

I swim well and my friend swims well too.

My brother doesn’t ski well and I …

My brother doesn’t ski well and I don’t ski well either.

1. I study English well and my friend…

2. I work hard and my sister …

3. My friend studies at the Law Academy and I…

4. I don’t understand French and my friend…

5. I don’t rest much and my brother …

6. My grandma doesn’t live with us and my grandpa…

7. I begin to work early in the morning and my mother…

8. My son goes to school and my daughter …

9. Our lessons start at 9 o’clock and the lectures …

10. The shop doesn’t open early and the cafe…

11. I like the lessons of English and my friends…

Упр.4. Выразите несогласие, используя образец.

Model: - His parents work at the factory.

- No, they don’t, they don’t work at the factory. They work on the railway.

- David studies French.

- No, he doesn’t, he doesn’t study French. He studies English.

1. The Smiths live in London.

2. They have a big house.

3. Fred speaks German well.

4. Our lessons start at 9 p.m.

5. John reads many newspapers.

6. Bill smokes a lot.

7. Kitty studies at the Faculty of Mathematics.

8. They know English well.

Упр.5. Выразите удивление, используя образец.

Model: - I work hard.

- Do you really work hard?

• Yes, I do.

1. I have dinner at 6 o’clock.

2. He spends his summer holidays in the Crimea.

3. I like English very much.

4. My friends get good marks at the exams.

5. My friend always answers the teacher’s questions well.

6. Our teacher asks many difficult questions.

7. She dances very well.

8. Our Institute team always wins cups.

9. It takes me 15 minutes to get to the Institute.

10. He plays chess very well.

Упр. 7*. Поставьте данные предложения в вопросительную и отрицательную форму.

A.

1. He knows the answer. 2. He usually has breakfast at 8 o’clock. 3. The

bell rings at 8.30. 4. The flowers look fresh. 5. He lives in a big city. 6. She has a cold shower every day. 7. He remembers their address. 8. He plays chess well. 9. She leaves home at 9 a.m. 10. She agrees with you. 11. They feel very cold. 12. Tom looks well. 13. They pick apples in the garden. 14. The last train leaves at midnight. 15. The star moves round the Sun.

B.

1. It takes me an hour to get to the Academy. 2. We do morning exercises every morning. 3. He does his work well. 4. I have breakfast at home. 5. There are many flowers in the vase. 6. It is cold in the room. 7. They are students. 8. There is much water in the glass. 9. My Mum is at home. 10. I am hungry. 11. It snows in winter. 12. It rains in autumn.

Упр. 9*. Поставьте все возможные вопросы к данным предложениям.

1. They always buy fresh fruit in the market.

2. He often helps his parents about the house.

3. Mary works in the office as a secretary.

4. We plays tennis on the court with our friends.

Упр. 10.* Раскройте скобки, поставив глаголы в нужном лице и числе.

A.

1. I (to like) weekends. All our family (to spend) a lot of time together at the weekend. My father (to work) in a school six days a week. My mother (to work) at a department store. She (not to work) on Sundays. My brother (to go) to school five days a week. On Saturday morning we (to clean) the house together. In the afternoon we (to work) in the garden. In the evening we (to sit) in the living-room and (to watch) films on TV. On Sunday my parents (to go) to church, I (to listen) to music, Nick (to play) football in the yard and Tom (to read) new magazines. On Sunday afternoon we (to have) a big dinner.

B.

1. The Volga and the Neva (to be) famous rivers. 2. Mother often (to tell) children stories before bedtime. 3. Our children (to go) to school in the morning. 4. My little brother (to collect) postcards and stamps. 5. I (to like) white coffee and my father (to prefer) his black. 6. Anything that he (to say) (to be) very interesting. 7. Our friends (to live) in a house that (to stand) on a hill. 8. Every year we (to spend) our holidays in the country. 9. What this sentence (to mean)? 10. I (to live) in Kirov which (to be) my native city. 11. Tom (to study) very well. 12. My sister (to have) a good appetite and she always (to eat) heartily. 13. Open the window. The room (to be) terribly stuffy. 14. What you (to see) over there? 15. In England the traffic (to keep) to the left but on the Continent it (to keep) to the right. 16. Nick (to be) one of the cleverest boys we (to have) in our group. 17. I often (to come) to see my old aunt. 18. It (to take) me two hours to do my homework.

Упр.12*. Переведите на английский язык, используя настоящее неопределенное время.

А. Мой дядя инженер. Он очень занят. Его рабочий день начинается рано утром. Он встает в семь часов. Он умывается, одевается и завтракает. После завтрака он идет на работу. Он работает в институте. Он любит свою работу. Он женат. Его жена – врач. Она работает в больнице. Вечером она изучает французский язык. Она посещает курсы французского языка. Мой дядя не говорит по-французски, Он говорит по-русски и по-немецки. Сын моего дяди – ученик. Он ходит в школу. В школе он изучает английский язык.

В. 1. Когда вы встаете? – Я встаю в семь часов. 2. Когда встает твой брат? – Он встает в половине восьмого. – А твоя сестра тоже встает в половине восьмого? – Нет, моя сестра не ходит в школу, она еще не школьница. Она встает в девять часов. 3. Мой брат работает в больнице. Он врач. Он встает в шесть часов. Он работает каждый день. Но по выходным он не работает. По воскресеньям он отдыхает. 4. Ты говоришь по-немецки? – Нет, я говорю по-английски.

ПРОШЕДШЕЕ НЕОПРЕДЕЛЕННОЕ ВРЕМЯ

THE PAST INDEFINITE TENSE

Прошедшее неопределенное время обозначает:

а) однократное действие в прошлом;

б) цепь последовательных действий в прошлом;

в) повторяющееся действие в прошлом.

Для него характерны следующие обстоятельства времени: yesterday, the day before yesterday, last week (month, year, etc.), two days (three months, etc.) ago, the other day (на днях), in 1990 и другие.

Прошедшее неопределенное время образуется при помощи 2-й формы смыслового глагола.

V II

По способу образования форм все глаголы английского языка делятся на правильные и неправильные.

Вторая (и третья) форма правильных глаголов образуется при помощи окончания –ed или –d, прибавляемого к основе инфинитива.

Например: to ask – asked

to play – played

to answer - answered

to invited – invited

Окончание –ed читается следующим образом:

[ıd] – после букв “t”, “d”: wanted[ıd], landed [ıd]

[d] - после гласных и звонких согласных (кроме “d”): opened [d]

[t] - после глухих согласных (кроме “t”): stopped [t]

Вторая (и третья) форма неправильных глаголов образуется особо (см. таблицу неправильных глаголов). Неправильные глаголы нужно запоминать сразу во всех трех основных формах.

Предложение в прошедшем неопределенном времени имеет тот же порядок слов, что и любое английское утвердительное предложение.

I место - подлежащее	II место – сказуемое	III место – дополнение	IY место – обстоятельство
The students	passed	the exams	in summer
Peter	passed	the exams	well

Вопросительная и отрицательная формы в прошедшем неопределенном времени образуются при помощи вспомогательного глагола did. Смысловой глагол при этом употребляется в I форме.

Пример вопросительного предложения:

0 место – вопрос. слово	I место – вспомог. глагол	II место – подлежа- щее	III место смысл.гл. в I форме	IY место- дополне- ние	Y место – Обст-во
(When)	Did	they	pass	the exams	in summer?
(How)	Did	Peter	pass	the exams	well?

! Вопрос к подлежащему задается без вспомогательного глагола.

Например: We went to the theatre yesterday.

Who went to the theatre yesterday?

Пример отрицательного предложения:

I место – подлежащее	II место – вспом. гл.+ отрицание	III место – смысл.гл. в I форме	IY место – дополнение	Y место – обстоятво
The students	did not (didn’t)	pass	the exams	in summer
The students	did not (didn’t)	pass	the exams	well

На русский язык предложения в Past Indefinite переводятся прошедшим временем совершенным и несовершенным видом.

У П Р А Ж Н Е Н И Я

Упр.16. Выразите несогласие со своим собеседником.

Model: - You came home late yesterday.

• But I didn’t come late. I came at 9 o’clock.

1. You got up very late yesterday. - …

2. You spent too much money at the shop yesterday. - …

3. You forgot to write a greeting card to your granny. - …

4. You forgot to clean your teeth in the morning. - …

5. You missed your classes yesterday. - …

6. You went to bed too late yesterday. - …

7. You told me a lie. - …

8. You got a bad mark yesterday. - …

9. She bought a new dress. - …

10. They invited us to the concert. - …

Упр.17. Постарайтесь оправдаться перед своим другом.

Model: - I didn’t receive any letters from you last month.

- But I wrote you last week.

1. You didn’t ring me up yesterday.

2. You didn’t help me to clean the classroom.

3. You didn’t read the book.

4. You didn’t go to the Institute yesterday.

5. You didn’t return me the book.

6. You didn’t tell me about your travelling.

7. You didn’t tell us about your marriage.

8. You didn’t take part in the competition last time.

9. You didn’t bring a present to me for my birthday.

10. You didn’t enjoy our party.

Упр. 19*. Поставьте предложения в вопросительную и отрицательную форму.

A.

1. I went to the cinema yesterday.

2. He sent a telegramme to his uncle.

3. My brother took part in the chess tournament.

4. We swam in the lake last summer.

5. She came in time.

6. He smoked too much during the party.

7. It rained two days ago.

8. It snowed yesterday.

B.

1. It was cold yesterday.

2. She was at the party.

3. I was happy.

4. There were two books in the bag.

5. We were at the lesson.

6. It took us 20 minutes to write the letter.

7. It took her much time to find the book.

Упр. 20.* Задайте как можно больше вопросов к предложениям, чтобы получить дополнительную информацию.

1. I bought some clothing yesterday.

2. She was ill.

3. He invited me for lunch.

4. They were at the lecture.

5. I went to Moscow in summer.

Упр. 21.* Перепишите следующие тексты, описывая события, которые произошли вчера.

A.

1. On Monday we have four lessons. The first lesson is English. At this lesson we read and translate texts, speak English and answer the teacher’s questions. I get only good marks at the English lessons. After classes I go to the canteen and have lunch there. I eat soup and drink a cup of tea. I do not drink coffee. Then I go to the library, take some books there and work in the reading-hall. I come home at 7 o’clock. After supper I watch TV and help my mother about the house. I go to bed at 10 o’clock.

B.

1. Boris wakes up when it is already quite light. He looks at his watch. It is a quarter to seven. Boris jumps out of bed and runs to the bathroom. He has a cold shower and drinks a cup of tea with a sandwich. He is in a hurry to catch an eight o’clock train. At the railway station he meets three other boys from his group. They all have backpacks with them. In less than an hour they get off the train at a small station near a wood. They walk very quickly and soon find themselves on the shore of a large lake. The boys spend the whole day there. They return home late at night, tired but happy.

Упр. 22*. Раскройте скобки, относя все действия к прошлому.

1. Tom (not\to shave) in the morning because he (not\to have) time.

2. We (not\to eat) anything because we (not\to be) hungry.

3. She (not\to be) interested in the book because she (not\to

understand) it.

4. I (to meet) them at the station yesterday.

5. He (to begin) to study German when he (to be) at school.

6. The child (to break) a cup and his mother (to punish) him.

7. He (to invite) us to his house and (to show) the garden.

8. We (not\to know) where to go as nobody (to tell) us the way.

9. The weather (to be) fine and we (to drive) out of town.

10. I (to visit) my grandparents and (to bring) them some fruit.

Упр. 23. Переведите на английский язык, используя прошедшее неопределенное время.

1. Мы закончили нашу работу на прошлой неделе. 2. Они вернулись домой в 7 часов вечера. 3. Мы решили послать ему телеграмму. 4. Кому вы отдали эти журналы? 5. Вчера я встретил Ольгу в институте. 6. Когда вы видели его в последний раз? 7. В прошлом году мы не изучали французский. Мы изучали английский. 8. Когда вы начали работу вчера? -–После обеда. У нас было мало работы. 9. Погода была хорошая, и мы с друзьями пошли в парк. 10. Вчера шел дождь, и мы провели весь день дома. 11. Где вы были час тому назад? 12. Я встретил ее позавчера, и она рассказала мне об этом.

PRESENT AND PAST INDEFINITE

Упр. 24. Дайте ответы на следующие вопросы.

1. How did you sleep well last night?

2. Was it cold or warm yesterday?

3. When does it snow?

4. How often did it rain last summer?

5. What mark did you get at the last seminars?

6. Where did you go last Sunday?

7. How many books are there on the desk?

8. Where does your father have dinner?

9. When did you come to the Academy yesterday?

10. What do your parents give you for your birthday?

11. Why did you enter the Law Academy?

12. How does your friend study?

13. How many students were there at the lecture yesterday?

Упр. 25. Поставьте предложения в вопросительную и отрицательную форму. Вопросы начинайте со слов, данных в скобках.

1. He rang me up yesterday. (When?)

2. My parents go to the sea-side every summer. (Where?) (Who?)

3. I was in the Crimea in summer. (When?)

4. It snowed heavily last night. (How?)

5. I am the best student in the group. (Who?)

6. I had dinner at a restaurant last week-end.

7. You get good marks at the last English lesson. (What marks?)

8. It takes them 4 hours to get to the country. (How many hours?)

9. My parents bought me a fur-coat. (Who?) (What?)

10. My friend swims well. (How?)

11. Our neighbors made a great noise last night. (When?)

12. There are 10 boys in the group. (How many?)

13. He did the work well. (What?)

14. It took Mum half an hour to cook breakfast. (How long?)

Упр. 26*. Раскройте скобки, употребляя глаголы в настоящем или прошедшем неопределенном.

A.

1. I (to go) to bed at 10 o’clock every day. 2. I (to go) to bed at 10 o’clock yesterday. 3. My brother always (to wash) his face. 4. Yesterday he (to wash) his face with soap. 5. I (not\to have) lectures every day. 6. We (not\to rest) yesterday. 7. My brother (not\to drink) coffee yesterday. 8. My Mother always (to take) a bus to get to the work but yesterday she (not\to take) a bus but (to walk). 9. You (to exchange) news with your friends every day? – Yes, I … But yesterday I (not\to talk) to them, I (to be) very busy. 10. You (to come) home at 6 o’clock yesterday? – No, I … Yesterday I (to return) home earlier. I (to be) very tired. I (to have) dinner with my family and I (to relax). 11. Your sister (to go) to school every day? – Yes, she…

B.

1. My friend (to know) Spanish very well. 2. Who (to ring) you up an hour ago? 3. He (to live) on the third floor. 4. It (to take) you long to find his house yesterday? 5. When your lessons (to be) usually over? 6. I (to drive) to the country last week-end. 7. Her friends seldom (to visit) her. 8. One of her brothers (to make) a tour around Europe last summer. 9. Queen Elizabeth II (to be) born in 1926. She (to become) the Queen of England in 1952. 10. You always (to get up) at 7 o’clock? – No, sometimes I (to get up) later. Yesterday I (to get up) at 9. 11. I (not to know) where she (to live) before but I (to be) sure she (to come) here from far away.

Упр. 27*. Переведите на английский язык, используя настоящее или прошедшее неопределенное время.

1. Я очень рад, что вы пригласили меня на вечер. 2. Он улыбнулся,

когда увидел своего приятеля. 3. Жаль, что вы не хотите присоединиться к нам. 4. Он говорит, что не помнит многих деталей романа, так как читал его еще в детстве. 5. Этой книги уже нет в магазинах. Жаль, что я не купил ее на прошлой неделе. 6. Он увлекается химией? – Да, он заинтересовался этим предметом еще в школе. 7. Вы не пришли вчера за книгой, а сегодня у меня ее уже нет. 8. Она осталась в гостинице, так как у нее болела голова, а мы отправились осматривать город. 9. Я сержусь на вас, так как вчера вы были очень невнимательны. 10. Наша библиотека снабжает студентов всеми необходимыми книгами.