Exercises

19. Раскройте скобки, употребляя гла­голы в Past Simple или Past Perfect.

1. When I (to come) home, mother already (to cook) dinner. 2. When father (to return) from work, we already (to do) our homework. 3. When the teacher (to enter) the classroom, the pupils already (to open) their books. 4. Kate (to give) me the book which she (to buy) the day before. 5. Nick (to show) the teacher the picture which he (to draw). 6. The boy (to give) the goats the grass which he (to bring) from the field. 7. Mother (to see) that Nick (not to wash) his hands. 8. The teacher (to understand) that Lena (not to do) her homework. 9. I (to know) that my friend (not yet to come). 10. Tom (to re­turn) from the cinema at five o'clock. 11. Tom (to return) from the cinema by five o'clock. 12. I (to finish) my homework at seven o'clock. 13. I (to finish) my homework by seven o'clock. 14. He (to think) that he (to lose) the money. 15. Ann (to tell) me that she (to see) an interesting film. 16. When I (to wake) up yesterday, father already (to go) to work. 17. Nick (to think) that his father (not yet to come) home. 18. Mary (to tell) us that she (to cook) a good dinner. 19. Yesterday I (to find) the book which I (to lose) in summer. 20. When we (to come) to the station, the train already (to leave).

20. Раскройте скобки, употребляя гла­голы в Past Simple, Past Continuous и Past Perfect.

I. By eight o'clock yesterday I (to do) my home­work and at eight I (to play) the piano. 2. By six o'clock father (to come) home and at six he (to have) dinner. 3. By nine o'clock yesterday grand­mother (to wash) the dishes and at nine she (to watch) TV. 4. When I (to meet) Tom, he (to eat) an ice-cream which he (to buy) at the corner of the street. 5. When I (tq come) home, my sister (to read) a book which she (to bring) from the library.

6. When mother (to come) home, the children (to eat) the soup which she (to cook) in the morning.

7. When I (to ring) up Mike, he still (to learn) the poem which he (to begin) learning at school.

8. When I (to look) out of the window, the chil­dren (to play) with a ball which Pete (to bring) from home. 9. By ten o'clock the children (to set­tle) comfortably on the sofa and at ten they (to watch) a TV film. 10. When father (to come) home, we (to cook) the mushrooms which we (to gather) in the wood. 11. When I (to see) Ann, she (to sort) the flowers which she (to pick) in the field. 12. When I (to come) home yesterday, I (to see) that my little brother (to break) my pen and (to play) with its pieces. 13. When I (to open) the door of the classroom, I (to see) that the teacher already (to come) and the pupils (to write) a dictation.

21. Раскройте скобки, употребляя гла­голы в Past Simple, Past Continuous и Past Perfect.

Last night we (to go) to a football match. We (to take) a bus. The bus (to be) full of people as many people (to want) to see the match. We (to get) off the bus and (to go) in the direction of the stadium. While we (to cross) the road, I (to see) Victor. He (to stand) at the corner. He said he (to wait) for his friend who (to come) to St. Petersburg the day before and (to wish) to see the new stadium. A man (to come) up to me and asked if I (to have) a spare ticket for the match. Victor told us that two boys just (to ask) him whether he (to have) a spare ticket. We (to enter) the stadium just as the foot­ball players (to come) out on to the field. At the entrance to the stadium we (to meet) Sergei. He (to show) us to our seats and we (to agree) to meet in the refreshment-room during the interval. He (to ask) me if I (to play) football in my childhood.

The Past Perfect Continuous (Progressive)

Tense	Key words	Form	Examples (+)	Examples (-)	Examples (?)
Past Perfect Continuous/ Progressive	for two hours for one month for a long time since 5 o’clock the whole day how long	had + been +Infinitive + ing	I had been working. She had been working. He had been going.	I had not been working. She had not been working. He had not been going.	Had I been working? Had she been working? Had he been going?

Допоміжне дієслово: to be (had been)

Вживання:

• Тривала дія, яка почалась до якогось моменту в минулому і продовжувалась в цей момент або закінчилась безпосередньо перед ним.

Form

It is formed with the auxiliaries had been + present participle (-ing ending, e.g. working, trying, writing, singing): I had been doing, I had not been doing, Had I been doing? Had I not been doing?

Use

The past perfect continuous is used for activities that began before a point of time in the past and were still continuing at that point of time.

Last summer Josh had been renovating his house for two years.

(He started three years ago and last summer he was still renovating his house.)

Past perfect continuous vs present perfect continuous

The past perfect and present perfect continuous are basically very similar. The difference is, however, that in the past perfect we refer to the point of time in the past, while in the present perfect we refer to the present times.

I have been practising since the morning. (present perfect - I am still practising.)

At 11 o'clock I had been practising for two hours. (past perfect - I began at 9 o'clock and at 11 o'clock I was still practising.)

Past perfect simple vs continuous

For an action that can continue for a long time we can use both the simple and continuous forms (work, run, study, travel, sleep ...). There is practically no difference in meaning, but the continuous form is more usual in English.

Stephen was pretty tired. He had worked all day.

Stephen was pretty tired. He had been working all day.

In other cases these two forms have a completely different meaning.

Before midnight Paul had translated the article. (He finished his work.)

Before midnight Paul had been translating the article. (He did not finish it. He was still translating at that moment.)

If we refer to a number of individual actions or actions that were repeated, we must use the past perfect simple.

Before the lesson ended they had written three tests. (three individual completed activities)

But:

It was exhausting. They had been writing tests since the lessons started. (one uninterrupted incomplete activity)