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Lesson 5

  1. Read and translate the text:

What is Money?

A.

Papa! What's money? Little Paul broke silence laying his hands upon the elbows of his little chair. The question had such immediate reference to the subject of Mr. Dombey's thoughts, that Mr. Dombey was quite disconcerted: 'What's money, Paul?'

Mr. Dombey was in a difficulty. He could give him some explanation involving the terms of circulation, currency, depreciation of currency, paper, bullion, rates of exchange, value of precious metals in the market, bank demand deposits, and so forth; but looking down at the little chair, and seeing what a long way down it was, he answered: 'Gold, and silver, and copper. Guineas, shillings, halfpence. Do you know what they are?'

'Oh yes, I know what they are', said Paul. 'I don't mean that, Papa. I mean what's money after all?' [...]

'What is money after all!' said Mr. Dombey, backing his chair a little, that he might the better gaze in sheer amazement at the presumptuous boy that propounded such an inquiry.

'I mean, Papa, what can it do?' returned Paul, folding his arms, and looking at the fire, and up at him, and at the fire, and up at him again.

Mr. Dombey drew his chair back in its former place, and patted him on the head. 'You'll know better by-and-by, my man,' he said. 'Money, Paul, can do anything.'

'Anything, Papa?'

'Yes. Anything - almost,' said Mr. Dombey.

'Anything means everything, don't it, Papa?' asked his son: not observing, or possibly not understanding, the qualification.

'It includes it: yes,' said Mr. Dombey.

'Why didn't money save me my Mama?' returned the child. 'It isn't cruel, is it?'

'Cruel!' said Mr. Dombey, settling his neck cloth, and seeming to resent the idea. 'No. A good thing can't be cruel.'

'If it is a good thing, and can do anything,' said the little fellow, thoughtfully, as he looked back at the fire, 'I wonder why it didn't save me my Mama'.

(Ch. Dickens. Dombey and Son)

B.

... Money not only has no heart, but no honor nor any memory. Money is respectable automatically if you keep it a while. You must not think I am denouncing money. 1 admire it very much .... One of your finest families - oh, l wonder if you will* know the name! Everybody in the world will, I guess Well, they got their big start selling beef to the British when our country was at war with the British, and their money is as admired, as any and so is the family. And another dynasty, probably the greatest bankers of them all. The founder bought three hundred rifles from the Army. The Army rejected them as dangerously defective and so he got them very cheap, maybe fifty cents a piece. Pretty soon General Flemont was ready to start his heroic trek to the West, and he bought the rifles for twenty dollars a piece. No one ever heard whether they blew up in the troopers' hands. And that was the money that makes money. It doesn't matter how you get it just as long as you get it and use it to make more... Where money is concerned, the ordinary rules of conduct take a holiday.

(J. Steinbeck. The Winter of Our Discontent)

Commentary:

to brake silence – порушити тишу

immediate reference to the subject of – пряме відношення до теми

to be quite disconcerted – бути зовсім збентеженим

terms of circulation (currency) – умови обігу валюти

depreciation of currency - девальвація (знецінення) валюти

bullion – злиток золота (в банк. сховищі)

demand deposit – депозити до запитання (поточні рахунки)

  1. Answer the questions:

A.

  • What did Paul mean asking, ’What’s money after all?’

  • How did Mr. Dombey’s opinion of the power of money differ from that of his son’s?

  • What do you think about Paul’s arguments?

B.

- Does the speech given above prove that money has no heart, no honour, nor any memory?

- Why does it happen that people begin to respect money automatically forgetting the source it may come from?

- Is such respect typical of young Ukrainian business, to your mind?

- Are all well-to-do people alike in their blind admiration of wealth?

- Can you prove the idea contained in the final remark of the speech?

  1. Explain in English the meaning of the terms which were circling in Mr. Dombey’s mind:

Currency, bullion, depreciation of currency, rates of exchange, demand deposit, lending, mortgage.

  1. Discuss the following problems:

  1. The origin and meaning of the Latin saying Non olet. – Money has no smell.

  2. What are the main uses of money?

  3. What can you say about modern money and its disadvantages?

  4. Why is saving money sometimes necessary?

  5. What’s the meaning of money to you?

5. Mind the use of the following money terms:

Іnstallment – плата в розстрочку

e.g. I made the first installment last month.

Collection – інкасо

e.g. She deals with collection orders.

Draft – трата, вексель

e.g. Payments will be effected by drafts.

sight draft – вексель на пред’явника

term draft – строковий вексель

Bill of Exchange – перевідний вексель

e.g. Bill of Exchange is one of the main means of payment.

Advance – аванс

payment in advance – передоплата

Overdue – прострочений

Due to – через, внаслідок

To be due – очікується; закінчується строк дії

  1. Read, translate and retell the texts.

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