03. Russian / Лазор Н.В. Русский язык. Коммуникативный курс _ учеб. пособие. В 2-х т. Т. 1 _ Н.В. Лазор, Н.В. Ромащенко, А.Г. Еремкина. - О._ОГМУ, 2006. - 180 с

THE HARD CONSONANTS Д, Т, Н

The Russian hard (non-palatal) consonants д, т, н resemble the English d, t, n when they precede th, as in breadth, eighth, ninth, but they are pronounced harder. The articulation of the Russian д, т, н differs from that of the English d, t, n in that the tip of the tongue is pressed not against the teeth ridge, but against the back of the upper incisors. The consonant т is never aspirated.

Position of tongue in pronouncing Position of tongue in pronouncing the Russian д, т the English d, t

19

Exercise 5. Use the corresponding word, then write down into your copy-books.

*The pronunciation of some words is written in brackets.

20

Это ваза′ ? Это папа′ ?

................. .........................

Russian nouns have no article.

We do not use the verb to be (быть) in the Present Tense In Russian: Это книга.

The only difference between a statement and a question in written Russian is that a question ends with a question mark “?” and a statement does not. There is no change in word order.

The voice usually falls on the last stressed syllable of the last word in spoken statements. The voice is raised on the last word in the spoken questions:

INDIVIDUAL WORK

Exercise 1. a) Name the letter.

Это буква ... Это буква ... Это буква ... Это буква ... Это буква ...

22

В Э Ы Ц Х

Это буква ... Это буква ... Это буква ... Это буква ... Это буква ...

б) Answer the questions correctly according to the model from

Этобуква О? ЭтобукваБ? ЭтобукваК? ЭтобукваН? ЭтобукваЯ?

Exercise 2. Copy the following phrases.

Это дом. Это комната′ .

Это карта′ . Это стол. Это стул. Это студент?′ Да, это студент′ .

Exercise 3. Write in hand-written letters.

а) Б, в, Г, С, т, м, Н, п, Л, к, А, н, Р, У, ж, З, Ш, г, ы, Я, э, Ю, И, е, д, И, ф, х;

б) буква′ , звук, урок′ , алфавит′ , институт′ , стул, стол, карта′ , зонт, ваза′ , дом, кот, студент′ , магазин′ , стакан′ , Украина′ , шкаф, книга′

Exercise 4. Put up questions to the pictures below and give the positive or negative answer. Write down them into your copy-books.

Model: Это дом? Да, это дом.

Это стол? Нет, это не стол. Это дом.

23

4.Which Russian letters are not pronounced? A й я

В ы ю

С ь ъ

Exercise 3. Write the given words in written letters and put stress above.

Институт, магазин, студент, буква, алфавит, мама, урок, Украина, комната.

Exercise 4. Write captions.

25

Lesson 2

*Use this informal question with your friends, family, and fellow students. Note that an instructor might ask this of a student, but the reverse is inappropriate.

REDUCTION OF VOWELS

À The vowels a and o are pronounced distinctly only when Á stressed. In unstressed syllables they are pronounced less vigorously and their quality changes. This phenomenon is

called reduction of vowels.

The unstressed a and o are pronounced as the same sound.

In the syllable immediately preceding the stressed one and at the beginning of a word, they are pronounced as a short faint a, which resembles the English vowel in but. In our transcription we shall indicate by [a].

In the other unstressed syllables — preceding or following the stressed one — the vowels a, o are pronounced as a very short close sound [a] which resembles the second vowel in the English words letter, London. In our transcription we shall indicate it by the sign [ъ].

26

letters a, o

Exercise 3. Look at the pictures and read after the teacher.

27

Exercise 4. Put up questions кто это? or что это? and answer them.

ÀÁ

28