Grammar in Use Sequence of Tenses (revision) Послідовність часів (повторення)

I	Одночасна дія	Past Simple or Past Continuous	теперішній
II	Передчасна дія	Past Perfect or Past Perfect Continuous	минулий
III	Майбутня дія	Future-in-the-Past (would)	майбутній

He said that

he had pneumonia he had had pneumonia he would have pneumonia

Він сказав, що

в нього (є ) пневмонія в нього була пневмонія в нього буде пневмонія

Exercise 12. Give the past form of the following verbs:

To get, to tell, to visit, to offer, to eat, to carry, to know, to take, to look, to keep, to listen, to find, to follow, to cut, to call, to sleep, to give, to prescribe, to catch, to mean, to see, to treat, to make, to be, to have, to use, to meet, to begin, to teach.

Exercise 13. Translate into Ukrainian paying attention to Grammar:

1. I knew that you would understand me.

2. They knew what they were fighting.

3. I thought that you were his patient.

4. We asked them if anything had happened.

5. The scientist determined that the rate of heartbeat increased.

6. The doctor said that he had examined the patient a day before.

7. The surgeon considered that the operation would be successful.

8. It was estimated that the blood was a fluid tissue.

Exercise 14. Open the brackets using the verb in the appropriate form. Translate them into your native language.

1. The physician said that sanatorium treatment (to be) helpful in future.

2. The patient stated that four years before admission he (to lose) suddenly consciousness.

3. I thought that the life in the open air (to do) the patient a lot of good.

4. The doctor was told that the conjunctiva (to infect).

5. The patient said he never (to experience) such an acute pain before.

6. He believed that the new method of treatment (to use) extensively next year.

7. The neurologist declared that the negative extensor response or Babinski reflex (to indicate) the disease in the brain or spinal cord.

8. The patient was informed that his pathologic reflexes (to underlie) some internal diseases.

Exercise 12. Put questions to the underlined words:

• An infant (from the Latin word infans, meaning "unable to speak" or "speechless") is the very young offspring of a human or animal.

• The word “reflex” was introduced into Biology in the 19^th century.

• Now the term is widely being used by many scientists to describe an action that is an inborn central nervous system activity.

• English neurologist Marshall Hall introduced the term “reflex” into Biology in the 19^th century.

• To test the patellar reflex, the examiner taps the ligament below the patella with a small rubber hammer.

• By reflex, Hall meant the automatic response of a muscle or several muscles to a stimulus that excites an afferent nerve.

• Russian physiologist Pavlov found that a hungry dog trained to associate the sound of a bell with food salivated at the sound even in the absence of food. 

• Pavlov justified dividing all reflexes according to origin, mechanism, and biological significance into unconditioned and conditioned reflexes.

Exercise 13. Translate the sentences into English, paying attention to Grammar.

1. Нам розповіли, що слово «рефлекс» було введено англійським неврологом Маршалом Холлом.

2. Лікар сповістив, що у дитини відсутній рефлекс Бабінського.

3. Пацієнта проінформували, що патологічний рефлекс буде ознакою серйозних проблеми, зв'язаних зі здоров'ям.

4. Завдяки експерименту, Павлов довів, що у голодного пса кожен раз буде віділятися слюна на звук дзвіночка, навіть тоді, коли не буде їжі.

5. Вони розповіли, що подразники потрапляють в головний мозок через спинний мозок дуже швидко, приблизно зі швидкістю 100 м. за секунду.

6. Я запитав, коли вона почне приймати гормони, щоб як найшвидше запобігти розпалу хвороби.

7. Хворий сказав, що біль відчувається тільки рано вранці.

8. Педіатр розповів, що нові методи лікування будуть використовувати в лікуванні важких випадків дитячих вадів головного мозку.