Grammar in use Sequence of tenses

Direct Speech	Indirect Speech
Present Tenses
Present Simple (V1)	Past Simple (V2)
Present Progressive (am, is, are + V-ing)	Past Progressive (was,were + V-ing)
Present Perfect (have/has+ V3)	Past Perfect (had+V3)
Present Perfect Progressive (have/has been+V-ing)	Past Perfect Progressive (had been+V-ing)
Past Tenses
Past Simple (V2)	Past Perfect (V3)
Past Progressive ( was/were + V-ing)	Past Perfect Progressive (had been+V-ing)
Past Perfect (had + V3)	Past perfect (had +V3)
Future Tenses
Future Simple (Will+V1)	Future-in-the-past (would+V1)

Exercise 1. Translate the sentences into your native language:

1. The physician said that the sanatorium treatment would be helpful.

2. I didn’t know you had had practice at the hospital.

3. The patient said that 2 hours before the admission he had felt an unbearable pain in epigastria area.

4. I was told that the conjunctiva was infected.

5. The doctor supposed that antibiotic treatment would be changed.

6. The patient was told that the life in subtropical climate would be very helpful.

7. Our teacher told us that Pavlov had carried out his experiments on dogs.

8. The woman said that her stomachache was unbearable.

Exercise 2. Rewrite the sentences in the past paying attention to the subordinate clauses:

1. The nurse says that the doctor is making his morning round.

2. The doctor says that the patient has been operated successfully.

3. The nurse says that the patient will be made analysis tomorrow morning.

4. The pharmaceutist says that drugs for injections are stored in the fridge.

5. The doctor says that the patient’s lower left molar will be extracted.

6. Tommy’s mother says that he complains of severe headaches.

7. The professor says that the next lecture on reflexes will be delivered on Tuesday.

8. Dr. Hall says that the operation has been performed successfully.

Exercise 3. Open the brackets, putting the verbs in brackets in the appropriate tense:

1. The patient said that he (to experience) never such pain before.

2. The doctor decided that the lower left molar (to extract) as soon as possible.

3. The patient said that his teeth (to become) 3 shades whiter.

4. He believed that the new method of treatment (to use) extensively in future.

5. He said that this drug already (to help) him a lot.

6. The patient’s mother said that 2 years before the boy (to fell) down the stairs and got concussion of the brain.

7. The nurse asked if the patient (to take) already his pills.

8. Mr. Green asked when he (to operate).

Exercise 4. Put questions to the underlined words:

1. Pavlov performed and directed experiments on digestion.

2. Pavlov and his researchers observed and began the study of transmarginal inhibition (TMI).

3. TMI is the body's natural response of shutting down when exposed to overwhelming stress or pain by electric shock

4. Carl Jung continued Pavlov's work on TMI. He correlated the observed shutdown types in animals with his own introverted and extroverted temperament types in humans.

5. The concept for which Pavlov is famous is the "conditioned reflex".

6. It is popularly believed that Pavlov always signaled the occurrence of food by ringing a bell.

7. Pavlov’s writings record the use of a wide variety of stimuli, including electric shocks, whistles, metronomes, tuning forks, and a range of visual stimuli, in addition to the ring of a bell.

8. It is less widely known that Pavlov's experiments on the conditional reflex extended to children. Some of the children underwent surgical procedures, similar to those performed on the dogs, for the collection of saliva.