Post-text assignments

Exercise 7. Answer the questions to the text:

• How many beats per min does the heart make?

• What is the total weight of the blood pumped by the heart daily?

• What is systole?

• What is diastole?

• How many phases does each cardiac cycle consist of?

• What is the role of ventricles?

• How long does the heart muscle contract?

• What does the rate of heartbeat depend on?

Exercise 8. Give English equivalents of the following word combinations:

Скорочення передсердь; малий круг кровообігу; серцевий м’яз; нервові волокна; загальна маса крові; хвиля скорочення: частота серцебиття; фізичне навантаження; серцевий цикл; дослідницька робота; тривале скорочення шлуночків; велике коло кровообігу.

Exercise 9. Divide the given words into the table:

Contraction, short, determine, blood, systemic, final, rest, follow, physical, compose, pulmonary, contract, research, regulate, weight, depend, cardiac, cycle, chamber, send, possibility, pump, right, act, different, wave, consist, aorta, considerable (есть конверсионные слова, что не оговорено в установке)

Noun	Adjective	Verb

Exercise 10. Match the terms with their definitions:

1. systole	a. either of the upper chambers of the heart, their muscular walls Are thinner than those of the ventricles
2. atrium	b. a fluid that circulates throughout the body via the arteries and veins
3. diastole	c. The period between two contractions of the heart when the muscles of the heart relax
4. ventricle	d. a hollow muscular cone-shaped organ lying between the lungs.
5. blood	e. the period of the cardiac cycle during which the heart contracts
6. heart	f. either of the two lower chambers of the heart, which have thick walls

1	2	3	4	5	6

Exercise 11. Complete the sentences using the information from the text:

1. The atria act as … .

2. Each cardiac cycle consists of … phases.

3. In the adult the heart makes … beats per min.

4. The total weight of the blood pumped by the heart daily is about … tons.

5. The rate of heart contractions is regulated by … .

6. Each beat of the heart is followed by … .

7. The period of rest of the cardiac muscle is called … .

8. The ventricles serve as … .

Grammar in use the present perfect tense, active voice

Has + Participle II Have already, just, never, ever, still, yet, this week, for, since, recently, lately

The Perfect Tense звичайно виражає наявність якогось результату дії, пов’язаної з наступними подіями.

Перфектні часи утворюються з допоміжного дієслова to have та дієприкметника минулого часу (Past Participle) основного дієслова.

Past Participle правильних дієслів утворюється додаванням до інфінітива закінчення –ed; Past Participle неправильних дієслів – 3 форма, яку потрібно запам’ятати.

Exercise 12. Form Participle II of the following verbs. Translate them.

To ask, to examine, to cut, to read, to relieve, to know, to write, to produce, to protect, to publish

Exercise 13. Open the brackets using the Perfect Tense: Translate the sentences.

12. You ever (be) to Germany?

13. The young scientist (publish) many article since 2000.

3. Today the surgeon (complete) the operation.

4. You (be) to the dissecting room?

5. Recently his respiratory rate (increase) considerably.

6. The patient's sleep (become) sound since he began to take this medicine.

7. The teacher (finish) to examine students this week.

8. After the patient (to take) he feels better.

Exercise 14. Translate the sentences using the Perfect Tense.

1. Він тільки що прийшов.

2. Ми ніколи не бачили його.

3. Лікар ще не використовував цей метод лікування. лечения.

4. Він вже прийняв ліки.

5. Я ніколи не зустрічав його тут.

6. Медична сестра вже поміряла температуру хворого.

7. Мій однокурсник тільки що виконав операцію.

8. Ви коли-небудь оглядали хворих?

Exercise 15. Open the brackets using correct tense form and voice.

• The heartbeat (to produce) the pulsation.

• On admission to the clinic the physician (to examine) the patient’s heart.

• The patient’s blood and urine test (to make) the following day.

• The nagging pain in the heart (to relieve) by a tablet of nitroglycerin.

• The pain in his heart (to subside) lately.

• The nurse (to remove) the dressing carefully.

• Dull heart sounds (to determine) by the physician by percussion.

• The nurse already (to give) an injection of the nicotine acid.

Exercise 16. Put questions to the underlined words:

1. The rate of heart contractions are regulated by two groups of nerve fibers.

2. Each beat of the heart is followed by a period of rest for the cardiac muscle.

3. Each cardiac cycle consists of three phases.

4. The period of rest is shorter during greater physical exertion.

5. Physiologists have called the first phase of short contraction of both atria the atrial systole.

6. The rate of the heartbeat depends on different emotions.

7. Scientists have determined that the total weight of the blood is about 10 tons.

8. Research work of many physiologists has given the possibility to estimate the role of the ventricles.