1. Types of Prophylaxis

2. The term prophylaxis refers ____ measures taken ____ order to prevent disease or health problems, rather than ____ treat or cure an existing condition. Such measures, sometimes known as preventative care, may also be used to stem an outbreak or minimize the symptoms ___ someone who was exposed to an infectious agent or health hazard. This medical term comes ____ a Greek word meaning "to guard against," a reference to the fact that it is intended to provide protection ____ patients ____ risk of disease.

3. There are two main types of prophylaxis: primary and secondary. Any measure taken to prevent an illness before it occurs is primary prophylaxis. This could include getting a vaccination to prevent an illness or brushing teeth to prevent gum disease. Secondary prophylaxes are procedures that help prevent infection after exposure _____ a disease, or to ease symptoms associated ____ an illness or health condition. For example, if health care workers are exposed ____ the Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV), they may take antiretroviral drugs to help prevent the virus ____ developing into an active infection.

Exercise 10. Open the brackets. Put the verb in the correct tense form. Pay attention to the adverbial modifier of time.

1. A doctor (to have) examination of the patients every day.

2. The nurse (not to make) an injection yet.

3. That young surgeon (never to perform) an operation.

4. This patient’s relatives (to arrive) tomorrow.

5. Students (to investigate) tobacco mosaic disease at the moment.

6. A child usually (to brush) his teeth at 9 p.m.

7. The boy (to read) an article about hygiene for 15 minutes.

8. Second-year students (to go) to the hospital yesterday.

9. Inattention to personal hygiene sometimes (to lead) to diseases.

10. The patient (to have) dental checkup last week.

11. The doctor (to examine) these patients by 5 o’clock tomorrow.

12. A nurse (to sit) near the ill from 3 to 10 p.m.

Exercise 11. Make the sentences Passive.

1. The scientist provided bacteriological research.

2. The students observe bacteria with the help of microscope.

3. He damaged his ligament.

4. The nurse will give this drug to the patient tonight.

5. Students spoiled the experiment because of their inattention.

6. Student will learn anatomy on the first course of the University.

7. A microbiologist was performing an experiment on fungi at 9 a.m.

8. The doctor on duty prescribed this patient a bed regimen.

9. A passer-by bandaged victim’s wound as quickly as he could.

10. They admit a lot of patients to the hospital every day.

Exercise 12. Correct the mistakes if necessary.

1. I will have to go to the doctor yesterday.

2. She fell and broke a bone in her foot now.

3. Old people usually take a lot of medicines.

4. An injection made in the evening by a nurse.

5. He just finished the medical University.

6. The scientist will decide to study microbiology when he was a child.

7. The students have never had such an interesting lecture.

8. These books written by our professor.

Exercise 13. Put questions to the underlined words.

1. Most foot problems are preventable.

2. Conscientious patients can reduce the risk of cancer by performing the breast self-examination (women) and testicular self exam (men).

3. The simple act of hand washing prevent the spread of many food-borne illnesses and upper respiratory infections.

4. Adolescents face many problems including abstinence, contraception, pregnancy, abortion, and sexually transmitted diseases, which can be incurable or fatal.

5. Prepubescent women need to learn special care of the body during menstruation.

6. Precautions include exposing the feet to fresh air, choosing shoes to promote healthy feet, rotating shoes on different days, and changing shoes when the feet are perspiring.

7. Inattention to hygiene could also signal a depressive disorder or a substance abuse problem.

8. Sometimes lack of attention to personal health can be symptom of a deeper medical problem such as arthritis, poor eyesight, or dementia.