Grammar in use English Tenses (revision)

Exercise 11. Put questions to the underlined words:

1. Vitamin supplements are usually available as isolated vitamins or in combination with other nutrients.

2. The skin creates vitamin D when it is exposed to sunlight.

3. Vitamin K is produced by intestinal bacteria.

4. Along with vitamins human body needs a certain amount of minerals.

5. Iodine assists the thyroid gland in working properly.

6. The body absorbs iron through the help of vitamin C.

Exercise 12. Open the brackets and translate the sentences into your language:

1. Vitamins (to contribute) to good health by regulating the metabolism and assisting the biochemical processes of the body.

2. Water-soluble vitamins (to excrete) out of the body within one day.

3. Vitamin D (to help) the body absorb calcium.

4. Vitamin E (to know) as tocopherol.

5. Scientific research (to prove) that excesses of isolated vitamins or minerals can produce vitamin poisoniong.

6. Vitamin supplements (to divide) into two groups: synthetic and natural.

7. The term “vitamin” (to derive) from “vitamine” by Polish scientist Casimir Funk.

8. In 1812 Polish biochemist Casimir Funk (to isolate) a complex of micronutrients and named them “vitamines”.

Exercise 13. Change the sentences as in the model (using Passive Voice instead of Active Voice) :

Model: Enzymes need copper for metabolizing. – Copper is needed by enzymes for metabolizing.

1. Iron delivers oxygen to the body’s cells.

2. Vitamins and minerals strengthen each other.

3. The skin creates vitamin D when it is exposed to sunlight.

4. The body absorbs iron through the help of vitamin C.

5. Polish scientist Casimir Funk made up a combination word "vitamine" from vital and amine.

6. Medical men used lipid from fish oil to cure rickets during the late 18th and early 19th centuries.

7. In 1881, Russian surgeon Nikolai Lunin studied the effects of scurvy.

8. Japanese scientist Umetaro Suzuki isolated the first vitamin complex in 1910.

Exercise 14. Translate the sentences into English:

1. Шкіра сама виробляє вітамін D д впливом сонця.

2. Вітамін К виробляєтся кишковими бактеріями.

3. Кальцій та фосфор будують кістки та зуби.

4. Наша дієта не завжди містить усі необхідні вітаміни та мінерали.

5. Йод допомогає щитоподібній залозі працювати належним чином.

6. Калій допомогає підтримувати баланс рідини у клітинах.

Завдання для самостійної роботи студентів (срс)

I. Перекладіть наступні словосполучення, складіть з ними речення: зовнішні джерела приймати після їжі бути заміною здорової дієти допомагати скороченню м’язів у формі порошку якщо не вказано інакше вживати синтетичні вітаміни вироблятися кишковими бактеріями ізольовані вітаміни харчові добавки II. Дайте розгорнуту відповідь на наступні питання: Which minerals play a significant role in human beings? What is zinc responsible for? What does iron do in the body? What is the ideal source of vitamins and minerals? In which case do nutritional supplements work best? ІІІ. Поясніть наступні терміни (не менше 5 речень): Мінерали Харчова добавка

SMOKING AND HUMAN HEALTH (Паління і здоров’я людини)

TEXT: Health effects of smoking cigarettes

GRAMMAR: Present Simple vs Present Continuous

PRE-TEXT ASSIGNMENTS

Exercise 1. Topic vocabulary

Carcinogenic	[ˌkɑːsɪnəˈdʒenɪk]	канцерогенний
Cannabis	[ˈkænəbɪs]	конопля
Carbon monoxide	[ˈkɑːbən mɒˈnɒksaɪd]	окис вуглецю
To reproduce	[ˌriːprəˈdjuːs]	відтворювати
Oxidative	[ˌɒksɪˈdeɪtiv]	окислювальний
Obstructive pulmonary disease	[əbˈstrʌktiv ˈpʌlmənərɪ dɪˈziːz]	обструктивна хвороба легень
Emergency	[i'mə:dʒənsi]	непередбачений випадок
DNA mutation	[mjuːˈteɪʃən]	мутація ДНК
Contributor	[kənˈtrɪbjʊtə]	той, що сприяє
To quit	[kwɪt]	покинути
To diagnose	['daiəgnəuz]	діагностувати
Lung cancer	[lΛŋ 'kænsə]	рак легенів
Smokers	[ˈsməʊkəʳz]	курці
Irritation	[iri'tei∫n]	роздратування
Fertility	[fɜːˈtɪlɪtɪ]	родючість
Stroke	[strəʊk]	удар, припадок
miscarriage	[mɪsˈkærɪdʒ]	викидень
Drawback	[ˈdrɔːbæk]	недолік
Pack-a-day	[ˈpæk əˌdeɪ]	пачка на день

Exercise 2. Guess, what a “second hand smoker” stands for. Think of other “smokers” ( non-smoker, heavy smoker, social smoker, etc)

Exercise 3. Give Ukrainian equivalents to the following English ones.

Poisonous and carcinogenic chemicals, body’s immune system, health effects of cigarette smoking, to be inhaled into the lungs, to reach the brain, breast milk, to bind to hemoglobin in red blood cells, carbon monoxide poisoning, non-smokers, cancer-causing agents, inhaling the smoke, to damage important genes, growth of cells, to reproduce too rapidly, to affect the immune system functions, a lifetime pack–a–day smoker, to cause oxidative stress, to cause DNA mutation, a major risk factor for heart attacks, the aging process, adverse health effects, chronic inflammation, to contain radioactive heavy metals, risk factors for lung cancer, in the lungs of the smokers, the highly addictive ingredient, secondhand smoking

Exercise 4. Find the stem in the following words. Point out prefixes and suffixes. Translate into Ukrainian.

Inhale, internal, exclude, abnormally, accustomed, withdrawal, encouragement, motivation, exhale, successfully, external, addictive, radioactive, antioxidants, include, functioning, poisonous, reproduce

Exercise 5. Read and translate the following sentences, paying attention to the words in bold type. Give your own examples of conversion in English

1. Nicotine has been found in every part of a smoker’s body, including breast milk.

2. Milking is the act of removing milk from the mammary glands of an animal, typically cows.

3. Carbon monoxide is present in cigarette smoke.

4. E-cigarette will be the best present for me.

5. Oxidative stress causes damage to the body’s cells.

6. Cigarette smoking is the leading preventable cause of death in the United States.

7. The health effects of smoking cigarettes are horribly destructive.

8. There is no smoke without a fire.

Exercise 6. Read and translate the text.