Unit 3 Drug names, standards and references

Grammar: -ing forms: Participle I. Gerund.

1. а) Прочтите слова из VocabularyListвслух.

б) Изучите список слов и укажите слова, называющие:

- типы наименований лекарств; - фармацевтические организации и

справочники.

Vocabulary List

generic- общий

legal- законный, юридическийsuperscript- надпись

purpose- цель

publicproperty- общественная собственность

manufacturer- производитель

dispense- готовить и отпускать (лекарство)

trade- торговый

competitor- конкурент

tocapitalize- писать с прописной буквы

to substitute - замещать

complicated - сложный

to recognize - распознавать

responsiblefor- ответственный за что-либо

description- описание

name- наименование

chemical- химический

official- официальный

brand- торговая марка, бренд

FDA- Управление по контролю за продуктами и лекарствами

USP- фармакопея США

NF- государственный справочник

HospitalFormulary- госпитальный справочник

PDR- настольный справочник врача

2. Ответьте на вопросы, используя слова и словосочетания в скобках.

1. How many names can a drug have? (three different names)

2. Whom must a specific brand name be dispensed by? (the pharmacist)

3. What information do drug references give? (importantinformationaboutdrugs)

3. Прочтите и переведите текст на русский язык.

Drug names, standards and references.

Names

A Drug can have three different names. The chemical name is the chemical formula for the drug. The name is often long and complicated.

The generic or official name is a shorter, less complicated name which is used for legal and scientific purposes. The generic name is the public property and any drug manufacturer may use it. There is only one generic name for each drug.

The brand name or trade name is the private property of the individual drug manufacturer and no competitor may use it. Brand names often have the superscript after or before the name. Most drugs have several brand names because each manufacturer producing the drug gives it a different name. When a specific brand name is ordered on a prescription by a physician, it must be dispensed by the pharmacist; no other brand name may be substituted. It is a common practice to capitalize the first letter of a brand name.

The following list gives the chemical, generic and brand names of the well known antibiotic drug, ampicillin. Note that a drug can have several brand names but only one generic, or official, name.

Chemical name

Alpha – aminobenzyl P

Brand names

Amcill capsules

Omnipen

Penbritin

Polycillin

Principen / N

Generic Name

(official name)

Ampicillin

Standards

While the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has the legal responsibility for deciding whether a drug may be distributed and sold, there are definite standards for drugs set by an independent committee of physicians, pharmacologists, pharmacists and manufacturers. This committee is called the United States Pharmacopeia (USP). Two important standards of the USP are that a drug must be clinically useful (useful for patients) and available in pure form (made by good manufacturing methods). If a drug has USP after its name, it has met with the standards of the Pharmacopeia. A list of drugs is published by the USP every 5 years but not all the drugs are listed in it. The National Formulary (NF) is a larger list of drugs which meets purity standards. The letters USP and NF after a drug indicate that the manufacturer claims his product conforms to USP or NF standards. It is up to the FDA to inspect and enforce the claims of drug manufacturers.

References

Libraries and hospitals have two large reference listings of drugs which give important information about drugs. The most complete and up-to-date is the Hospital Formulary, published by the American Society of Hospital Pharmacists. This listing gives information about the characteristics of drugs and their clinical usage (application to patient care).

The Physicians Desk Reference (PDR) is published by a private firm. Manufacturers pay to have their products listed there. The PDR is a useful reference with several different indexes to identify drugs (generic and chemical names index, product identification index, manufacturers’ index, drug classification index and full description about recommended dosages and administration for each drug).

4. Закончите предложения, заменив русские слова и словосочетания в скобках их

английскими эквивалентами:

1. The generic name is (общественная собственность) and any manufacture may use it.

2. The name is often long and (сложный).

3. The brand name or trade name is (частная собственность) of the individual drug

manufacturer and no (конкурент) may use it.

4. It is common practice (писать с прописной буквы) the first letter of a brand name.

5. (Управление по контролю за продуктами и лекарствами) has (юридическая

ответственность за) deciding whether a drug may be distributed and sold.

6. Brand names often have (надпись) after or before the name.

5. Закончите предложения, используя подходящие по смыслу слова, приведенные ниже.

Переведите предложения на русский язык.

1. … why this law is so important is because many people die from using ... in the United

States.

2. The Food and Drug Administration is responsible for … and … the safety of foods,

tobacco products, Medication drugs, vaccines, blood transfusion, medical devices,

veterinary products, and cosmetics.

3. A drug is considered "new" if it is made by a different … .

4. Over-the-counter (OTC) drugs are drugs and combinations that do not require a doctor's

… .

5. … drugs from four developing countries have been found … the United States

Pharmacopoeia (USP) standards.

6. This committee … a set of rules prohibiting … of this drug to the children under 14.

Antiretroviral, enforced, to meet, supervising, manufacturer, the reason, prescription,

regulating, the administration, illegal drugs.

6. Найдите в тексте “Drug names, standards and references” английские эквиваленты

следующих слов и словосочетаний. Составьте предложения с ними по содержанию

текста.

- химическая формула; - определенные стандарты;

- для юридических и научных целей; - доступный в чистой форме;

- индивидуальный производитель лекарства; - давать важную информацию о

лекарстве;

- заказывать по рецепту; - полное описание;

- юридическая ответственность; - рекомендованная доза.

- соответствовать стандартам;

7. Переведите предложения на английский язык.

1. Настольный справочник терапевта содержит важную информацию об основных

характеристиках лекарств и издается ежемесячно.

2. Этот центр является филиалом Управления по контролю за продуктами и

лекарствами, который регулирует производство лекарств.

3. Для каждого лекарства существует только одно общее название.

4. Недавно одна очень известная фармацевтическая компания выпустила самый

полный и современный справочник лекарств.

5. Ваш терапевт назначит вам соответствующее лечение и скажет, в какой аптеке вы

сможете заказать лекарство по рецепту.

6. Это сильно действующее лекарство выпускают многие производители, но продают

его только в определенных аптеках.

7. Каждый производитель, изготавливая лекарство, должен помнить, что оно должно

соответствовать двум основным стандартам, быть клинически полезным и доступным в чистой форме.

8. Ответьте на вопросы к тексту “Drug names, standards and references”.

1. What is the chemical name of the drug?

2. How many generic names are there for each drug?

3. Why do most drugs have several brand names?

4. What are typical written standards for the brand name?

5. Who are definite standards for drugs set by?

6. What do the letters USP and NF after a drug indicate?

7. Are all drugs listed in the PDR? Why?

9. Составьте устное сообщение (10-12 предложений) на английском языке, используя

текст “Drug names, standards and references” по плану:

1) Drug names;

2) Drug standards;

3) Drug references.