Steve_Jobs_The_Exclusive_Biography

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Berlin, Leslie. The Man behind the Microchip.

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Carlton, Jim. Apple. Random House, 1997. Cringely, Robert X. Accidental Empires. Addison

Wesley, 1992.

Deutschman, Alan. The Second Coming of Steve Jobs. Broadway Books, 2000.

Elliot, Jay, with William Simon. The Steve Jobs Way. Vanguard, 2011.

Freiberger, Paul, and Michael Swaine. Fire in the Valley. McGraw-Hill, 1984.

Garr, Doug. Woz. Avon, 1984.

Hertzfeld, Andy. Revolution in the Valley. O’Reilly, 2005. (See also his website, folklore.org.)

Hiltzik, Michael. Dealers of Lightning.

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Jobs, Steve. Smithsonian oral history interview with Daniel Morrow, April 20, 1995.

———.Stanford commencement address, June

12, 2005.

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Kawasaki, Guy. The Macintosh Way. Scott, Foresman, 1989.

Knopper, Steve. Appetite for Self-Destruction. Free Press, 2009.

Kot, Greg. Ripped. Scribner, 2009.

Kunkel, Paul. AppleDesign. Graphis Inc., 1997. Levy, Steven. Hackers. Doubleday, 1984.

———.Insanely Great. Viking Penguin, 1994.

———.The Perfect Thing. Simon & Schuster,

2006.

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Malone, Michael. Infinite Loop. Doubleday, 1999. Markoff, John. What the Dormouse Said. Viking

Penguin, 2005.

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———.A Regular Guy. Knopf, 1996.

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“Triumph of the Nerds,” PBS Television, hosted by Robert X. Cringely, June 1996.

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Young, Jeffrey. Steve Jobs. Scott, Foresman, 1988.

———, and William Simon. iCon. John Wiley, 2005.

NOTES

CHAPTER 1: CHILDHOOD

The Adoption: Interviews with Steve Jobs, Laurene Powell, Mona Simpson, Del Yocam, Greg Calhoun, Chrisann Brennan, Andy Hertzfeld. Moritz, 44–45; Young, 16–17; Jobs, Smithsonian oral history; Jobs, Stanford commencement address; Andy Behrendt, “Apple Computer Mogul’s Roots Tied to Green

Bay,” (Green Bay) Press Gazette, Dec. 4, 2005; Georgina Dickinson, “Dad Waits for Jobs to iPhone,” New York Post and The Sun (London), Aug. 27, 2011; Mohannad Al-Haj Ali, “Steve Jobs Has Roots in Syria,” Al Hayat, Jan. 16, 2011; Ulf Froitzheim, “Porträt Steve Jobs,” Unternehmen, Nov. 26, 2007.

Silicon Valley: Interviews with Steve Jobs, Laurene Powell. Jobs, Smithsonian oral history; Moritz, 46; Berlin, 155–177; Malone, 21–22.

School: Interview with Steve Jobs. Jobs, Smithsonian oral history; Sculley, 166; Malone, 11, 28, 72; Young, 25, 34–35; Young and Simon, 18; Moritz, 48, 73–74. Jobs’s address was originally 11161 Crist Drive, before the subdivsion was incorporated into the town from the county. Some sources mention that Jobs worked at both Haltek and another store with a similar name, Halted. When asked, Jobs says he can remember working only at Haltek.

CHAPTER 2: ODD COUPLE

Woz: Interviews with Steve Wozniak, Steve Jobs. Wozniak, 12–16, 22, 50–61, 86–91; Levy, Hackers, 245; Moritz, 62–64; Young, 28; Jobs, Macworld

address, Jan. 17, 2007.

The Blue Box: Interviews with Steve Jobs, Steve Wozniak. Ron Rosenbaum, “Secrets of the Little Blue Box,” Esquire, Oct. 1971. Wozniak answer, woz.org/ letters/general/03.html; Wozniak, 98–115. For slightly varying accounts, see Markoff, 272; Moritz, 78–86; Young, 42–45; Malone, 30–35.

CHAPTER 3: THE DROPOUT

Chrisann Brennan: Interviews with Chrisann Brennan, Steve Jobs, Steve Wozniak, Tim Brown. Moritz, 75–77; Young, 41; Malone, 39.

Reed College: Interviews with Steve Jobs, Daniel Kottke, Elizabeth Holmes. Freiberger and Swaine, 208; Moritz, 94–100; Young, 55; “The Updated Book of Jobs,” Time, Jan. 3, 1983.

Robert Friedland: Interviews with Steve Jobs, Daniel Kottke, Elizabeth Holmes. In September 2010 I met with Friedland in New York City to discuss his background and relationship with Jobs, but he did not want to be quoted on the record. McNish, 11–17; Jennifer Wells, “Canada’s Next Billionaire,” Maclean’s, June 3, 1996; Richard Read, “Financier’s Saga of Risk,” Mines and Communities magazine, Oct. 16, 2005; Jennifer Hunter, “But What Would His Guru

Say?” (Toronto) Globe and Mail, Mar. 18, 1988; Moritz, 96, 109; Young, 56.

. . . Drop Out: Interviews with Steve Jobs, Steve Wozniak; Jobs, Stanford commencement address; Moritz, 97.

CHAPTER 4: ATARI AND INDIA

Atari: Interviews with Steve Jobs, Al Alcorn, Nolan Bushnell, Ron Wayne. Moritz, 103–104.

India: Interviews with Daniel Kottke, Steve Jobs, Al Alcorn, Larry Brilliant.

The Search: Interviews with Steve Jobs, Daniel Kottke, Elizabeth Holmes, Greg Calhoun. Young, 72;

Young and Simon, 31–32; Moritz, 107.

Breakout: Interviews with Nolan Bushnell, Al Alcorn, Steve Wozniak, Ron Wayne, Andy Hertzfeld. Wozniak, 144–149; Young, 88; Linzmayer, 4.

CHAPTER 5: THE APPLE I

Machines of Loving Grace: Interviews with Steve Jobs, Bono, Stewart Brand. Markoff, xii; Stewart Brand, “We Owe It All to the Hippies,” Time, Mar. 1, 1995; Jobs, Stanford commencement address; Fred Turner, From Counterculture to Cyberculture (Chicago, 2006).

The Homebrew Computer Club: Interviews with Steve Jobs, Steve Wozniak. Wozniak, 152–172; Freiberger and Swaine, 99; Linzmayer, 5; Moritz, 144; Steve Wozniak, “Homebrew and How Apple Came to Be,” www.atariarchives.org; Bill Gates, “Open Letter to Hobbyists,” Feb. 3, 1976.

Apple Is Born: Interviews with Steve Jobs, Steve Wozniak, Mike Markkula, Ron Wayne. Steve Jobs, address to the Aspen Design Conference, June 15, 1983, tape in Aspen Institute archives; Apple Computer Partnership Agreement, County of Santa Clara, Apr. 1, 1976, and Amendment to Agreement, Apr. 12, 1976; Bruce Newman, “Apple’s Lost Founder,” San Jose Mercury News, June 2, 2010; Wozniak, 86, 176–177; Moritz, 149–151; Freiberger and Swaine, 212–213; Ashlee Vance, “A Haven for Spare Parts Lives on in Silicon Valley,” New York Times, Feb. 4, 2009; Paul Terrell interview, Aug. 1, 2008, mac-history.net.

Garage Band: Interviews with Steve Wozniak, Elizabeth Holmes, Daniel Kottke, Steve Jobs. Wozniak, 179–189; Moritz, 152–163; Young, 95–111; R. S. Jones, “Comparing Apples and Oranges,” Interface, July 1976.

CHAPTER 6: THE APPLE II

An Integrated Package: Interviews with Steve Jobs, Steve Wozniak, Al Alcorn, Ron Wayne. Wozniak,

165, 190–195; Young, 126; Moritz, 169–170, 194–197; Malone, v, 103.

Mike Markkula: Interviews with Regis McKenna, Don Valentine, Steve Jobs, Steve Wozniak, Mike Markkula, Arthur Rock. Nolan Bushnell, keynote address at the ScrewAttack Gaming Convention, Dallas, July 5, 2009; Steve Jobs, talk at the International Design Conference at Aspen, June 15, 1983; Mike Markkula, “The Apple Marketing Philosophy” (courtesy of Mike Markkula), Dec. 1979; Wozniak, 196–199. See also Moritz, 182–183; Malone, 110–111.

Regis McKenna: Interviews with Regis McKenna, John Doerr, Steve Jobs. Ivan Raszl, “Interview with Rob Janoff,” Creativebits.org, Aug. 3, 2009.

The First Launch Event: Interviews with Steve Wozniak, Steve Jobs. Wozniak, 201–206; Moritz, 199– 201; Young, 139.

Mike Scott: Interviews with Mike Scott, Mike Markkula, Steve Jobs, Steve Wozniak, Arthur Rock. Young, 135; Freiberger and Swaine, 219, 222; Moritz, 213; Elliot, 4.

CHAPTER 7: CHRISANN AND LISA Interviews with Chrisann Brennan, Steve Jobs,

Elizabeth Holmes, Greg Calhoun, Daniel Kottke, Arthur Rock. Moritz, 285; “The Updated Book of Jobs,” Time, Jan. 3, 1983; “Striking It Rich,” Time, Feb. 15, 1982.

CHAPTER 8: XEROX AND LISA

A New Baby: Interviews with Andrea Cunningham, Andy Hertzfeld, Steve Jobs, Bill Atkinson. Wozniak, 226; Levy, Insanely Great, 124; Young, 168–170; Bill Atkinson, oral history, Computer History Museum, Mountain View, CA; Jef Raskin, “Holes in the Histories,” Interactions, July 1994; Jef Raskin, “Hubris of a Heavyweight,” IEEE Spectrum, July 1994; Jef Raskin, oral history, April 13, 2000, Stanford Library Department of Special Collections; Linzmayer, 74, 85–89.

Xerox PARC: Interviews with Steve Jobs, John Seeley Brown, Adele Goldberg, Larry Tesler, Bill Atkinson. Freiberger and Swaine, 239; Levy, Insanely Great, 66–80; Hiltzik, 330–341; Linzmayer, 74–75; Young, 170–172; Rose, 45–47; Triumph of the Nerds, PBS, part 3.

“Great Artists Steal”: Interviews with Steve Jobs, Larry Tesler, Bill Atkinson. Levy, Insanely Great, 77, 87– 90; Triumph of the Nerds, PBS, part 3; Bruce Horn, “Where It All Began” (1966), www.mackido.com; Hiltzik, 343, 367–370; Malcolm Gladwell, “Creation Myth,” New Yorker, May 16, 2011; Young, 178–182.

CHAPTER 9: GOING PUBLIC

Options: Interviews with Daniel Kottke, Steve Jobs, Steve Wozniak, Andy Hertzfeld, Mike Markkula, Bill Hambrecht. “Sale of Apple Stock Barred,” Boston Globe, Dec. 11, 1980.

Baby You’re a Rich Man: Interviews with Larry Brilliant, Steve Jobs. Steve Ditlea, “An Apple on Every Desk,” Inc., Oct. 1, 1981; “Striking It Rich,” Time, Feb. 15, 1982; “The Seeds of Success,” Time, Feb. 15, 1982; Moritz, 292–295; Sheff.

CHAPTER 10: THE MAC IS BORN

Jef Raskin’s Baby: Interviews with Bill Atkinson, Steve Jobs, Andy Hertzfeld, Mike Markkula. Jef Raskin, “Recollections of the Macintosh Project,” “Holes in the Histories,” “The Genesis and History of the Macintosh Project,” “Reply to Jobs, and Personal Motivation,” “Design Considerations for an Anthropophilic Computer,” and “Computers by the Millions,” Raskin papers, Stanford University Library; Jef Raskin, “A Conversation,” Ubiquity, June 23, 2003; Levy, Insanely Great, 107–121; Hertzfeld, 19; “Macintosh’s Other Designers,” Byte, Aug. 1984; Young, 202, 208–214; “Apple Launches a Mac Attack,” Time, Jan. 30, 1984; Malone, 255–258.

Texaco Towers: Interviews with Andrea Cunningham, Bruce Horn, Andy Hertzfeld, Mike Scott, Mike Markkula. Hertzfeld, 19–20, 26–27; Wozniak, 241–242.

CHAPTER 11: THE REALITY DISTORTION FIELD Interviews with Bill Atkinson, Steve Wozniak, Debi

Coleman, Andy Hertzfeld, Bruce Horn, Joanna Hoffman, Al Eisenstat, Ann Bowers, Steve Jobs. Some of these tales have variations. See Hertzfeld, 24, 68, 161.

CHAPTER 12: THE DESIGN

A Bauhaus Aesthetic: Interviews with Dan’l Lewin, Steve Jobs, Maya Lin, Debi Coleman. Steve Jobs in conversation with Charles Hampden-Turner, International Design Conference in Aspen, June 15, 1983. (The design conference audiotapes are stored at the Aspen Institute. I want to thank Deborah Murphy for finding them.)

Like a Porsche: Interviews with Bill Atkinson, Alain Rossmann, Mike Markkula, Steve Jobs. “The Macintosh Design Team,” Byte, Feb. 1984; Hertzfeld, 29–31, 41, 46, 63, 68; Sculley, 157; Jerry Manock, “Invasion of Texaco Towers,” Folklore.org; Kunkel, 26–30; Jobs, Stanford commencement address; email from Susan Kare; Susan Kare, “World Class Cities,” in Hertzfeld, 165; Laurence Zuckerman, “The Designer Who Made the Mac Smile,” New York Times, Aug. 26, 1996; Susan Kare interview, Sept. 8, 2000, Stanford University Library, Special Collections; Levy, Insanely Great, 156; Hartmut Esslinger, A Fine Line (Jossey-Bass, 2009), 7– 9; David Einstein, “Where Success Is by Design,” San Francisco Chronicle, Oct. 6, 1995; Sheff.

CHAPTER 13: BUILDING THE MAC Competition: Interview with Steve Jobs. Levy,

Insanely Great, 125; Sheff; Hertzfeld, 71–73; Wall Street Journal advertisement, Aug. 24, 1981.

End-to-end Control: Interview with Berry Cash. Kahney, 241; Dan Farber, “Steve Jobs, the iPhone and Open Platforms,” ZDNet.com, Jan. 13, 2007; Tim Wu, The Master Switch (Knopf, 2010), 254–276; Mike Murray, “Mac Memo” to Steve Jobs, May 19, 1982 (courtesy of Mike Murray).

Machines of the Year: Interviews with Daniel Kottke, Steve Jobs, Ray Cave. “The Computer Moves In,” Time, Jan. 3, 1983; “The Updated Book of Jobs,” Time, Jan. 3, 1983; Moritz, 11; Young, 293; Rose, 9–11; Peter McNulty, “Apple’s Bid to Stay in the Big Time,” Fortune, Feb. 7, 1983; “The Year of the Mouse,” Time, Jan. 31, 1983.

Let’s Be Pirates! Interviews with Ann Bowers, Andy Hertzfeld, Bill Atkinson, Arthur Rock, Mike Markkula, Steve Jobs, Debi Coleman; email from Susan Kare. Hertzfeld, 76, 135–138, 158, 160, 166; Moritz, 21–28; Young, 295–297, 301–303; Susan Kare interview, Sept. 8, 2000, Stanford University Library; Jeff Goodell, “The Rise and Fall of Apple Computer,” Rolling Stone, Apr. 4, 1996; Rose, 59–69, 93.

CHAPTER 14: ENTER SCULLEY

The Courtship: Interviews with John Sculley, Andy Hertzfeld, Steve Jobs. Rose, 18, 74–75; Sculley, 58–90, 107; Elliot, 90–93; Mike Murray, “Special Mac Sneak” memo to staff, Mar. 3, 1983 (courtesy of Mike Murray); Hertzfeld, 149–150.

The Honeymoon: Interviews with Steve Jobs, John Sculley, Joanna Hoffman. Sculley, 127–130, 154–155, 168, 179; Hertzfeld, 195.

CHAPTER 15: THE LAUNCH

Real Artists Ship: Interviews with Andy Hertzfeld, Steve Jobs. Video of Apple sales conference, Oct. 1983; “Personal Computers: And the Winner Is . . . IBM,” Business Week, Oct. 3, 1983; Hertzfeld, 208–210; Rose, 147–153; Levy, Insanely Great, 178–180; Young,